Evaluating a web-based social anxiety intervention among university students: Randomized controlled trial

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2018, Pages

  McCall, Hugh Cameron ^a   Richardson, Chris G ^a   Helgadottir, Fjola Dogg ^b   Chen, Frances S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b Vancouver CBT Centre   (Canada)

Author keywords

Clinical trial; Cognitive behavior therapy; Internet; Social anxiety

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; E-MAIL; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTERNET; LIFE SATISFACTION; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; QUALITY OF LIFE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SOCIAL INTERACTION ANXIETY SCALE; UNIVERSITY STUDENT; ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; COMPUTER ASSISTED THERAPY; DEVICES; MIDDLE AGED; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENT; THERAPY; UNIVERSITY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANXIETY; COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNET; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; QUALITY OF LIFE; STUDENTS; THERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; UNIVERSITIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85047731363     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14388871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8630     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Wittchen HU. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2012 Sep;21(3):169-184 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1002/mpr.1359] [Medline: 22865617]
2. Dell'Osso L, Rucci P, Ducci F, Ciapparelli A, Vivarelli L, Carlini M, et al. Social anxiety spectrum. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2003 Dec;253(6):286-291. [doi: 10.1007/s00406-003-0442-5] [Medline: 14714117]
3. Reich J, Goldenberg I, Vasile R, Goisman R, Keller M. A prospective follow-along study of the course of social phobia. Psychiatry Res 1994 Dec;54(3):249-258. [Medline: 7792329]
4. Antony MM, Federici A, Stein MB. Overview and introduction to anxiety disorders. In: Oxford Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press; 2009:3-15.
5. Davidson JR, Hughes DL, George LK, Blazer DG. The epidemiology of social phobia: findings from the Duke Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Psychol Med 1993 Aug;23(3):709-718. [Medline: 8234577]
6. Schneier FR, Heckelman LR, Garfinkel R, Campeas R, Fallon BA, Gitow A, et al. Functional impairment in social phobia. J Clin Psychiatry 1994 Aug;55(8):322-331. [Medline: 8071299]
7. Stein MB, Torgrud LJ, Walker JR. Social phobia symptoms, subtypes, and severity: findings from a community survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000 Nov;57(11):1046-1052. [Medline: 11074870]
8. Gould RA, Buckminster S, Pollack MH, Otto MW, Massachusetts LY. Cognitive behavioral and pharmacological treatment for social phobia: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 1997;4(4):291-306. [doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1997.tb00123.x]
9. Rodebaugh TL, Holaway RM, Heimberg RG. The treatment of social anxiety disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 2004 Nov;24(7):883-908. [doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.007] [Medline: 15501560]
10. Olfson M, Guardino M, Struening E, Schneier FR, Hellman F, Klein DF. Barriers to the treatment of social anxiety. Am J Psychiatry 2000 Apr;157(4):521-527. [Medline: 10739410]
11. Kaltenthaler E, Cavanagh K. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy and its uses. Prog Neurol Psychiatry 2010 Jun 09;14(3):22-29. [doi: 10.1002/pnp.163]
12. Davies EB, Morriss R, Glazebrook C. Computer-delivered and web-based interventions to improve depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being of university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2014;16(5):e130 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.3142] [Medline: 24836465]
13. Collins ME, Mowbray CT. Higher education and psychiatric disabilities: national survey of campus disability services. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2005 Apr;75(2):304-315. [doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.304] [Medline: 15839766]
14. Bayram N, Bilgel N. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008 Aug;43(8):667-672. [doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x] [Medline: 18398558]
15. Helgadóttir FD, Menzies RG, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S. Online CBT I: bridging the gap between Eliza and modern online CBT treatment packages. Behav Change 2009 Dec 01;26(4):245-253. [doi: 10.1375/bech.26.4.245]
16. Spek V, Cuijpers P, Nyklícek I, Riper H, Keyzer J, Pop V. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2007 Mar;37(3):319-328. [doi: 10.1017/S0033291706008944] [Medline: 17112400]
17. Richards D, Richardson T. Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2012 Jun;32(4):329-342. [doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004] [Medline: 22466510]
18. Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Farrer L. Adherence in internet interventions for anxiety and depression. J Med Internet Res 2009;11(2):e13 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1194] [Medline: 19403466]
19. Craske MG, Roy-Byrne P, Stein MB, Sullivan G, Hazlett-Stevens H, Bystritsky A, et al. CBT intensity and outcome for panic disorder in a primary care setting. Behav Ther 2006 Jun;37(2):112-119. [doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2005.05.003] [Medline: 16942966]
20. Helgadóttir FD, Menzies RG, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S. Online CBT II: a phase I trial of a standalone, online CBT treatment program for social anxiety in stuttering. Behav Change 2009;26(4):254-270. [doi: 10.1375/bech.26.4.254]
21. Helgadóttir FD, Menzies RG, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S. A standalone Internet cognitive behavior therapy treatment for social anxiety in adults who stutter: CBTpsych. J Fluency Disord 2014 Sep;41:47-54. [doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.04.001] [Medline: 25173456]
22. Menzies R, O'Brian S, Lowe R, Packman A, Onslow M. International phase II clinical trial of CBTPsych: a standalone internet social anxiety treatment for adults who stutter. J Fluency Disord 2016 Jun;48:35-43. [doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.06.002] [Medline: 27498893]
23. Barrera TL, Norton PJ. Quality of life impairment in generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2009 Dec;23(8):1086-1090 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.011] [Medline: 19640675]
24. Wells A. The attention training technique: theory, effects, and a metacognitive hypothesis on auditory hallucinations. Cogn Behav Pract 2007 May;14(2):134-138. [doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.01.010]
25. Holmes EA, Arntz A, Smucker MR. Imagery rescripting in cognitive behaviour therapy: images, treatment techniques and outcomes. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2007 Dec;38(4):297-305. [doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.10.007] [Medline: 18035331]
26. Caballo VE, Salazar IC, Irurtia MJ, Arias B, Hofmann SG. Measuring social anxiety in 11 countries. Eur J Psychol Assess 2010 Jan;26(2):95-107. [doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000014]
27. Connor KM, Kobak KA, Churchill LE, Katzelnick D, Davidson JR. Mini-SPIN: a brief screening assessment for generalized social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety 2001;14(2):137-140. [Medline: 11668666]
28. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed). Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
29. Mattick RP, Clarke JC. Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behav Res Ther 1998 Apr;36(4):455-470. [Medline: 9670605]
30. Watson D, Friend R. Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol 1969 Aug;33(4):448-457. [Medline: 5810590]
31. Endicott J, Nee J, Harrison W, Blumenthal R. Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: a new measure. Psychopharmacol Bull 1993;29(2):321-326. [Medline: 8290681]
32. Phinney JS, Ong AD. Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: current status and future directions. J Couns Psychol 2007;54(3):271-281. [doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271]
33. Heimberg RG, Mueller GP, Holt CS, Hope DA, Liebowitz MR. Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: the social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale. Behav Ther 1992;23(1):53-73. [doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80308-9]
34. Stopa L, Clark DM. Social phobia and interpretation of social events. Behav Res Ther 2000 Mar;38(3):273-283. [Medline: 10665160]
35. Stopa L, Clark DM. Social phobia: comments on the viability and validity of an analogue research strategy and British norms for the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire. Behav Cogn Psychother 2001 Oct;29(04):423-430. [doi: 10.1017/S1352465801004039]
36. Brown EJ, Turovsky J, Heimberg RG, Juster HR, Brown TA, Barlow DH. Validation of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale across the anxiety disorders. Psychol Assess 1997;9(1):21-27. [doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.9.1.21]
37. Stevanovic D. Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-short form for quality of life assessments in clinical practice: a psychometric study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2011 Oct;18(8):744-750. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01735.x] [Medline: 21896118]
38. IBM Corp. Armonk, NY; 2016. IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 URL: http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg27047057 [WebCite Cache ID _6xPlsg2nr]
39. Little RJ. A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. J Am Stat Assoc 1988;83(404):1198-1202. [doi: 10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722]
40. Cuijpers P, Marks IM, van Straten A, Cavanagh K, Gega L, Andersson G. Computer-aided psychotherapy for anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review. Cogn Behav Ther 2009;38(2):66-82. [doi: 10.1080/16506070802694776] [Medline: 20183688]