Microplastics pollution in different aquatic environments and biota: A review of recent studies

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Volumn 133, Issue , 2018, Pages 191-208

  Rezania, Shahabaldin ^a   Park, Junboum ^a   Md Din, Mohd Fadhil ^b   Mat Taib, Shazwin ^b   Talaiekhozani, Amirreza ^c   Kumar Yadav, Krishna ^d   Kamyab, Hesam ^e  

^a Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^b UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^c Jami Institute of Technology   (Iran)

^d BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY   (India)

^e UTM RAZAK SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Aquatic environment; Biota; Fresh waters; Marine; Microplastic pollution; Wastewater treatment plants

Indexed keywords

MARINE POLLUTION; RIVER POLLUTION; SEWAGE PUMPING PLANTS; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

AQUATIC BIOTA; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; BIOTA; DENSITY SEPARATION; FRESH WATER; MARINE; MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION; MICROPLASTICS; MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

MICROPLASTIC;

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; BIOTA; DETECTION METHOD; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT; MARINE POLLUTION; PLASTIC; WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT;

BIOTA; FOAM; FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT; HUMAN; INGESTION; LAKE; MARINE SPECIES; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; RIVER; SAMPLING; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; ANALYSIS; ANIMAL; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; WATER POLLUTANT; WATER POLLUTION;

PLASTIC;

ANIMALS; BIOTA; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; PLASTICS; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER POLLUTION, CHEMICAL;

EID: 85047255718     PISSN: 0025326X     EISSN: 18793363     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.022     Document Type: Review

References (183)

1. Abayomi, O.A., Range, P., Al-Ghouti, M.A., Obbard, J.P., Almeer, S.H., Ben-Hamadou, R., Microplastics in coastal environments of the Arabian Gulf. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 124:1 (2017), 181–188.
2. Abidli, S., Toumi, H., Lahbib, Y., El Menif, N.T., The first evaluation of microplastics in sediments from the complex lagoon-channel of Bizerte (Northern Tunisia). Water Air Soil Pollut., 228(7), 2017, 262.
3. Akhbarizadeh, R., Moore, F., Keshavarzi, B., Investigating a probable relationship between microplastics and potentially toxic elements in fish muscles from northeast of Persian Gulf. Environ. Pollut. 232 (2018), 154–163.
4. Alomar, C., Estarellas, F., Deudero, S., Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea: deposition in coastal shallow sediments, spatial variation and preferential grain size. Mar. Environ. Res. 115 (2016), 1–10.
5. Anastasopoulou, A., Mytilineou, C., Smith, C.J., Papadopoulou, K.N., Plastic debris ingested by deep-water fish of the Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Deep-Sea Res. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 74 (2013), 11–13.
6. Anbumani, S., Kakkar, P., Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on biota: a review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2018, 1–24, 10.1007/s11356-018-1999-x.
7. Anderson, P.J., Warrack, S., Langen, V., Challis, J.K., Hanson, M.L., Rennie, M.D., Microplastic contamination in Lake Winnipeg, Canada. Environ. Pollut. 225 (2017), 223–231.
8. Andrady, A.L., The plastic in microplastics: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 119 (2017), 12–22.
9. Arias-Andres, M., Klümper, U., Rojas-Jimenez, K., Grossart, H.P., Microplastic pollution increases gene exchange in aquatic ecosystems. Environ. Pollut. 237 (2018), 253–261.
10. Auta, H.S., Emenike, C.U., Fauziah, S.H., Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions. Environ. Int. 102 (2017), 165–176.
11. Avio, C.G., Gorbi, S., Regoli, F., Experimental development of a new protocol for extraction and characterization of microplastics in fish tissues: first observations in commercial species from Adriatic Sea. Mar. Environ. Res. 111 (2015), 18–26.
12. Avio, C.G., Gorbi, S., Regoli, F., Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: from emerging pollutants to emerged threat. Mar. Environ. Res. 128 (2017), 2–11.
13. Bakir, A., Rowland, S.J., Thompson, R.C., Enhanced desorption of persistent organic pollutants from microplastics under simulated physiological conditions. Environ. Pollut. 185 (2014), 16–23.
14. Barboza, L.G.A., Gimenez, B.C.G., Microplastics in the marine environment: current trends and future perspectives. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 97:1 (2015), 5–12.
15. Beer, S., Garm, A., Huwer, B., Dierking, J., Nielsen, T.G., No increase in marine microplastic concentration over the last three decades–a case study from the Baltic Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 621 (2018), 1272–1279.
16. Bellas, J., Martínez-Armental, J., Martínez-Cámara, A., Besada, V., Martínez-Gómez, C., Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 109:1 (2016), 55–60.
17. Bessa, F., Barría, P., Neto, J.M., Frias, J.P., Otero, V., Sobral, P., Marques, J.C., Occurrence of microplastics in commercial fish from a natural estuarine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 128 (2018), 575–584.
18. Blumenröder, J., Sechet, P., Kakkonen, J.E., Hartl, M.G.J., Microplastic contamination of intertidal sediments of Scapa Flow, Orkney: a first assessment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 24:1 (2017), 112–120.
19. Brach, L., Deixonne, P., Bernard, M.F., Durand, E., Desjean, M.C., Perez, E., ter Halle, A., Anticyclonic eddies increase accumulation of microplastic in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 126 (2018), 191–196.
20. Browne, M.A., Sources and pathways of microplastics to habitats. Marine Anthropogenic Litter, 2015, Springer International Publishing, 229–244.
21. Browne, M.A., Dissanayake, A., Galloway, T.S., Lowe, D.M., Thompson, R.C., Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.). Environ. Sci. Technol. 42:13 (2008), 5026–5031.
22. Browne, M.A., Galloway, T.S., Thompson, R.C., Spatial patterns of plastic debris along estuarine shorelines. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44:9 (2010), 3404–3409.
23. Cannas, S., Fastelli, P., Guerranti, C., Renzi, M., Plastic litter in sediments from the coasts of south Tuscany (Tyrrhenian Sea). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 119:1 (2017), 372–375.
24. Caron, A.G., Thomas, C.R., Berry, K.L., Motti, C.A., Ariel, E., Brodie, J.E., Ingestion of microplastic debris by green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Great Barrier Reef: validation of a sequential extraction protocol. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 127 (2018), 743–751.
25. Carr, S.A., Liu, J., Tesoro, A.G., Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants. Water Res. 91 (2016), 174–182.
26. Castillo, A.B., Al-Maslamani, I., Obbard, J.P., Prevalence of microplastics in the marine waters of Qatar. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 111:1–2 (2016), 260–267.
27. Cesa, F.S., Turra, A., Baruque-Ramos, J., Synthetic fibers as microplastics in the marine environment: a review from textile perspective with a focus on domestic washings. Sci. Total Environ. 598 (2017), 1116–1129.
28. Cincinelli, A., Scopetani, C., Chelazzi, D., Lombardini, E., Martellini, T., Katsoyiannis, A., Corsolini, S., Microplastic in the surface waters of the Ross Sea (Antarctica): occurrence, distribution and characterization by FTIR. Chemosphere 175 (2017), 391–400.
29. Claessens, M., Van Cauwenberghe, L., Vandegehuchte, M.B., Janssen, C.R., New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 70:1 (2013), 227–233.
30. Clark, J.R., Cole, M., Lindeque, P.K., Fileman, E., Blackford, J., Lewis, C., Galloway, T.S., Marine microplastic debris: a targeted plan for understanding and quantifying interactions with marine life. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14:6 (2016), 317–324.
31. Cole, M., Webb, H., Lindeque, P.K., Fileman, E.S., Halsband, C., Galloway, T.S., Isolation of microplastics in biota-rich seawater samples and marine organisms. Sci. Rep., 4, 2014, 4528.
32. Collard, F., Gilbert, B., Eppe, G., Parmentier, E., Das, K., Detection of anthropogenic particles in fish stomachs: an isolation method adapted to identification by Raman spectroscopy. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 69:3 (2015), 331–339.
33. Collignon, A., Hecq, J.H., Galgani, F., Voisin, P., Collard, F., Goffart, A., Neustonic microplastic and zooplankton in the North Western Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 64 (2012), 861–864.
34. Compa, M., Ventero, A., Iglesias, M., Deudero, S., Ingestion of microplastics and natural fibres in Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) and Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 128 (2018), 89–96.
35. Conkle, J.L., Del Valle, C.D.B., Turner, J.W., Are we underestimating microplastic contamination in aquatic environments?. Environ. Manag. 61:1 (2018), 1–8.
36. Courtene-Jones, W., Quinn, B., Gary, S.F., Mogg, A.O., Narayanaswamy, B.E., Microplastic pollution identified in deep-sea water and ingested by benthic invertebrates in the Rockall Trough, North Atlantic Ocean. Environ. Pollut. 231 (2017), 271–280.
37. Cressey, D., The plastic ocean. Nature 536:7616 (2016), 263–265.
38. Dehghani, S., Moore, F., Akhbarizadeh, R., Microplastic pollution in deposited urban dust, Tehran metropolis, Iran. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24:25 (2017), 20360–20371.
39. Dekiff, J.H., Remy, D., Klasmeier, J., Fries, E., Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments from Norderney. Environ. Pollut. 186 (2014), 248–256.
40. Di Mauro, R., Kupchik, M.J., Benfield, M.C., Abundant plankton-sized microplastic particles in shelf waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Environ. Pollut. 230 (2017), 798–809.
41. Di, M., Wang, J., Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Sci. Total Environ. 616 (2018), 1620–1627.
42. Di-Méglio, N., Campana, I., Floating macro-litter along the Mediterranean French coast: composition, density, distribution and overlap with cetacean range. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 118:1 (2017), 155–166.
43. do Sul, J.A.I., Costa, M.F., The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. Environ. Pollut. 185 (2014), 352–364.
44. Doyle, M.J., Watson, W., Bowlin, N.M., Sheavly, S.B., Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Mar. Environ. Res. 71:1 (2011), 41–52.
45. Dubaish, F., Liebezeit, G., Suspended microplastics and black carbon particles in the Jade system, southern North Sea. Water Air Soil Pollut., 224(2), 2013, 1352.
46. Eerkes-Medrano, D., Thompson, R.C., Aldridge, D.C., Microplastics in freshwater systems: a review of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs. Water Res. 75 (2015), 63–82.
47. Eriksen, M., Mason, S., Wilson, S., Box, C., Zellers, A., Edwards, W., Amato, S., Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 77:1 (2013), 177–182.
48. Eriksen, M., Thiel, M., Prindiville, M., Kiessling, T., Microplastic: what are the solutions?. Freshwater Microplastics, 2018, Springer, Cham, 273–298.
49. Esiukova, E., Plastic pollution on the Baltic beaches of Kaliningrad region, Russia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 114:2 (2017), 1072–1080.
50. Espinosa, C., Beltrán, J.M.G., Esteban, M.A., Cuesta, A., In vitro effects of virgin microplastics on fish head-kidney leucocyte activities. Environ. Pollut. 235 (2018), 30–38.
51. Estahbanadi, S., Fahrenfeld, N.L., Influence of wastewater treatment plant discharges on microplastic concentrations in surface water. Chemosphere 162 (2016), 277–284.
52. Foekema, E.M., De Gruijter, C., Mergia, M.T., van Franeker, J.A., Murk, A.J., Koelmans, A.A., Plastic in north sea fish. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47:15 (2013), 8818–8824.
53. Fok, L., Cheung, P.K., Hong Kong at the Pearl River Estuary: a hotspot of microplastic pollution. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 99:1 (2015), 112–118.
54. Fok, L., Cheung, P.K., Tang, G., Li, W.C., Size distribution of stranded small plastic debris on the coast of Guangdong, South China. Environ. Pollut. 220 (2017), 407–412.
55. Free, C.M., Jensen, O.P., Mason, S.A., Eriksen, M., Williamson, N.J., Boldgiv, B., High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 85:1 (2014), 156–163.
56. Fries, E., Dekiff, J.H., Willmeyer, J., Nuelle, M.T., Ebert, M., Remy, D., Identification of polymer types and additives in marine microplastic particles using pyrolysis-GC/MS and scanning electron microscopy. Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 15:10 (2013), 1949–1956.
57. Gajšt, T., Bizjak, T., Palatinus, A., Liubartseva, S., Kržan, A., Sea surface microplastics in Slovenian part of the Northern Adriatic. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 113:1 (2016), 392–399.
58. Gall, S.C., Thompson, R.C., The impact of debris on marine life. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 92:1 (2015), 170–179.
59. Gray, A.D., Wertz, H., Leads, R.R., Weinstein, J.E., Microplastic in two South Carolina Estuaries: occurrence, distribution, and composition. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 128 (2018), 223–233.
60. Guilhermino, L., Vieira, L.R., Ribeiro, D., Tavares, A.S., Cardoso, V., Alves, A., Almeida, J.M., Uptake and effects of the antimicrobial florfenicol, microplastics and their mixtures on freshwater exotic invasive bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Sci. Total Environ. 622 (2018), 1131–1142.
61. Gündoğdu, S., Çevik, C., Micro-and mesoplastics in Northeast Levantine coast of Turkey: the preliminary results from surface samples. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 118:1 (2017), 341–347.
62. Gündoğdu, S., Çevik, C., Karaca, S., Fouling assemblage of benthic plastic debris collected from Mersin Bay, NE Levantine coast of Turkey. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 124:1 (2017), 147–154.
63. Hahladakis, J.N., Velis, C.A., Weber, R., Iacovidou, E., Purnell, P., An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling. J. Hazard. Mater. 344 (2018), 179–199.
64. Hall, N.M., Berry, K.L.E., Rintoul, L., Hoogenboom, M.O., Microplastic ingestion by scleractinian corals. Mar. Biol. 162:3 (2015), 725–732.
65. Harrison, J.P., Ojeda, J.J., Romero-Gonzalez, M.E., The applicability of reflectance micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the detection of synthetic microplastics in marine sediments. Sci. Total Environ. 416 (2012), 455–463.
66. Herrera, A., Asensio, M., Martínez, I., Santana, A., Packard, T., Gómez, M., Microplastic and tar pollution on three Canary Islands beaches: an annual study. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 129:2 (2017), 494–502.
67. Herrera, A., Garrido-Amador, P., Martínez, I., Samper, M.D., López-Martínez, J., Gómez, M., Packard, T.T., Novel methodology to isolate microplastics from vegetal-rich samples. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 129:1 (2018), 61–69.
68. Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R.C., Thiel, M., Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46:6 (2012), 3060–3075.
69. Horton, A.A., Svendsen, C., Williams, R.J., Spurgeon, D.J., Lahive, E., Large microplastic particles in sediments of tributaries of the River Thames, UK–abundance, sources and methods for effective quantification. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 114:1 (2017), 218–226.
70. Imhof, H.K., Schmid, J., Niessner, R., Ivleva, N.P., Laforsch, C., A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 10:7 (2012), 524–537.
71. Jambeck, J.R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T.R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Law, K.L., Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science 347:6223 (2015), 768–771.
72. Jayasiri, H.B., Purushothaman, C.S., Vennila, A., Quantitative analysis of plastic debris on recreational beaches in Mumbai, India. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 77:1 (2013), 107–112.
73. Kalčíková G., Alič B., Skalar, T., Bundschuh, M., Gotvajn, A.Ž., Wastewater treatment plant effluents as source of cosmetic polyethylene microbeads to freshwater. Chemosphere 188 (2017), 25–31.
74. Karami, A., Golieskardi, A., Choo, C.K., Romano, N., Ho, Y.B., Salamatinia, B., A high-performance protocol for extraction of microplastics in fish. Sci. Total Environ. 578 (2017), 485–494.
75. Karami, A., Golieskardi, A., Ho, Y.B., Larat, V., Salamatinia, B., Microplastics in eviscerated flesh and excised organs of dried fish. Sci. Rep., 7, 2017, 5473, 10.1038/s41598-017-05828-6.
76. Karlsson, T.M., Vethaak, A.D., Almroth, B.C., Ariese, F., van Velzen, M., Hassellöv, M., Leslie, H.A., Screening for microplastics in sediment, water, marine invertebrates and fish: method development and microplastic accumulation. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 122:1–2 (2017), 403–408.
77. Klein, S., Dimzon, I.K., Eubeler, J., Knepper, T.P., Analysis, occurrence, and degradation of microplastics in the aqueous environment. Freshwater Microplastics, 2018, Springer, Cham, 51–67.
78. Kunz, A., Walther, B.A., Löwemark, L., Lee, Y.C., Distribution and quantity of microplastic on sandy beaches along the northern coast of Taiwan. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 111:1 (2016), 126–135.
79. La Daana, K.K., Gårdfeldt, K., Lyashevska, O., Hassellöv, M., Thompson, R.C., O'Connor, I., Microplastics in sub-surface waters of the Arctic Central Basin. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 130 (2018), 8–18.
80. Laglbauer, B.J., Franco-Santos, R.M., Andreu-Cazenave, M., Brunelli, L., Papadatou, M., Palatinus, A., Deprez, T., Macrodebris and microplastics from beaches in Slovenia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 89:1 (2014), 356–366.
81. Lambert, S., Wagner, M., Microplastics are contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater environments: an overview. Freshwater Microplastics, 2018, Springer, Cham, 1–23.
82. Lares, M., Ncibi, M.C., Sillanpää M., Sillanpää M., Occurrence, identification and removal of microplastic particles and fibers in conventional activated sludge process and advanced MBR technology. Water Res. 133 (2018), 236–246.
83. Lee, J., Hong, S., Song, Y.K., Hong, S.H., Jang, Y.C., Jang, M., Shim, W.J., Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 77:1 (2013), 349–354.
84. Lenz, R., Enders, K., Stedmon, C.A., Mackenzie, D.M., Nielsen, T.G., A critical assessment of visual identification of marine microplastic using Raman spectroscopy for analysis improvement. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 100:1 (2015), 82–91.
85. Leslie, H.A., Brandsma, S.H., van Velzen, M.J.M., Vethaak, A.D., Microplastics en route: field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota. Environ. Int. 101 (2017), 133–142.
86. Li, J., Yang, D., Li, L., Jabeen, K., Shi, H., Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China. Environ. Pollut. 207 (2015), 190–195.
87. Li, J., Liu, H., Chen, J.P., Microplastics in freshwater systems: a review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection. Water Res. 137 (2018), 362–374.
88. Lo, H.K.A., Chan, K.Y.K., Negative effects of microplastic exposure on growth and development of Crepidula onyx. Environ. Pollut. 233 (2018), 588–595.
89. Lo, H.S., Xu, X., Wong, C.Y., Cheung, S.G., Comparisons of microplastic pollution between mudflats and sandy beaches in Hong Kong. Environ. Pollut. 236 (2018), 208–217 (Barking, Essex: 1987).
90. Löder, M.G., Gerdts, G., Methodology used for the detection and identification of microplastics—A critical appraisal. Marine Anthropogenic Litter, 2015, Springer International Publishing, 201–227.
91. Lots, F.A., Behrens, P., Vijver, M.G., Horton, A.A., Bosker, T., A large-scale investigation of microplastic contamination: abundance and characteristics of microplastics in European beach sediment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 123:1–2 (2017), 219–226.
92. Lusher, A.L., McHugh, M., Thompson, R.C., Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 67:1 (2013), 94–99.
93. Lusher, A.L., Burke, A., O'Connor, I., Officer, R., Microplastic pollution in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: validated and opportunistic sampling. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 88:1 (2014), 325–333.
94. Lusher, A.L., Hernandez-Milian, G., O'Brien, J., Berrow, S., O'Connor, I., Officer, R., Microplastic and macroplastic ingestion by a deep diving, oceanic cetacean: the True's beaked whale Mesoplodon mirus. Environ. Pollut. 199 (2015), 185–191.
95. Lusher, A.L., Welden, N.A., Sobral, P., Cole, M., Sampling, isolating and identifying microplastics ingested by fish and invertebrates. Anal. Methods 9:9 (2017), 1346–1360.
96. Ma, Y., Huang, A., Cao, S., Sun, F., Wang, L., Guo, H., Ji, R., Effects of nanoplastics and microplastics on toxicity, bioaccumulation, and environmental fate of phenanthrene in fresh water. Environ. Pollut. 219 (2016), 166–173.
97. Mai, L., Bao, L.J., Shi, L., Wong, C.S., Zeng, E.Y., A review of methods for measuring microplastics in aquatic environments. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25:12 (2018), 11319–11332.
98. Mani, T., Hauk, A., Walter, U., Burkhardt-Holm, P., Microplastics profile along the Rhine River. Sci. Rep., 5, 2015, 17988.
99. Mason, S.A., Garneau, D., Sutton, R., Chu, Y., Ehmann, K., Barnes, J., Rogers, D.L., Microplastic pollution is widely detected in US municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. Environ. Pollut. 218 (2016), 1045–1054.
100. Mathalon, A., Hill, P., Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 81:1 (2014), 69–79.
101. Matsuguma, Y., Takada, H., Kumata, H., Kanke, H., Sakurai, S., Suzuki, T., Weerts, S., Microplastics in sediment cores from Asia and Africa as indicators of temporal trends in plastic pollution. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 73:2 (2017), 230–239.
102. McDermid, K.J., McMullen, T.L., Quantitative analysis of small-plastic debris on beaches in the Hawaiian archipelago. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 48:7 (2004), 790–794.
103. Miller, R.Z., Watts, A.J., Winslow, B.O., Galloway, T.S., Barrows, A.P., Mountains to the sea: river study of plastic and non-plastic microfiber pollution in the northeast USA. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 124:1 (2017), 245–251.
104. Mintenig, S.M., Int-Veen, I., Löder, M.G., Primpke, S., Gerdts, G., Identification of microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging. Water Res. 108 (2017), 365–372.
105. Morét-Ferguson, S., Law, K.L., Proskurowski, G., Murphy, E.K., Peacock, E.E., Reddy, C.M., The size, mass, and composition of plastic debris in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60:10 (2010), 1873–1878.
106. Munari, C., Infantini, V., Scoponi, M., Rastelli, E., Corinaldesi, C., Mistri, M., Microplastics in the sediments of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 122:1–2 (2017), 161–165.
107. Murphy, F., Ewins, C., Carbonnier, F., Quinn, B., Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50:11 (2016), 5800–5808.
108. Murphy, F., Russell, M., Ewins, C., Quinn, B., The uptake of macroplastic & microplastic by demersal & pelagic fish in the Northeast Atlantic around Scotland. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 122:1–2 (2017), 353–359.
109. Naji, A., Esmaili, Z., Mason, S.A., Vethaak, A.D., The occurrence of microplastic contamination in littoral sediments of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24:25 (2017), 20459–20468.
110. Naji, A., Esmaili, Z., Khan, F.R., Plastic debris and microplastics along the beaches of the strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 114:2 (2017), 1057–1062.
111. Naji, A., Nuri, M., Vethaak, A.D., Microplastics contamination in molluscs from the northern part of the Persian Gulf. Environ. Pollut. 235 (2018), 113–120.
112. Näkki, P., Setälä O., Lehtiniemi, M., Bioturbation transports secondary microplastics to deeper layers in soft marine sediments of the northern Baltic Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 119:1 (2017), 255–261.
113. Napper, I.E., Bakir, A., Rowland, S.J., Thompson, R.C., Characterization, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 99:1 (2015), 178–185.
114. Nel, H.A., Froneman, P.W., A quantitative analysis of microplastic pollution along the south-eastern coastline of South Africa. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 101:1 (2015), 274–279.
115. Nel, H.A., Dalu, T., Wasserman, R.J., Sinks and sources: assessing microplastic abundance in river sediment and deposit feeders in an Austral temperate urban river system. Sci. Total Environ. 612 (2018), 950–956.
116. Nobre, C.R., Santana, M.F.M., Maluf, A., Cortez, F.S., Cesar, A., Pereira, C.D.S., Turra, A., Assessment of microplastic toxicity to embryonic development of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 92:1 (2015), 99–104.
117. Norén, F., Small Plastic Particles in Coastal Swedish Waters. 2007, KIMO Sweden.
118. Nuelle, M.T., Dekiff, J.H., Remy, D., Fries, E., A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments. Environ. Pollut. 184 (2014), 161–169.
119. Obbard, R.W., Microplastics in polar regions: the role of long range transport. Curr. Opin. J. Environ. Sci. Health 1 (2018), 24–29.
120. Peng, G., Xu, P., Zhu, B., Bai, M., Li, D., Microplastics in freshwater river sediments in Shanghai, China: a case study of risk assessment in mega-cities. Environ. Pollut. 234 (2018), 448–456.
121. Peters, C.A., Bratton, S.P., Urbanization is a major influence on microplastic ingestion by sunfish in the Brazos River Basin, Central Texas, USA. Environ. Pollut. 210 (2016), 380–387.
122. Peters, C.A., Thomas, P.A., Rieper, K.B., Bratton, S.P., Foraging preferences influence microplastic ingestion by six marine fish species from the Texas Gulf Coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 124:1 (2017), 82–88.
123. Pettipas, S., Bernier, M., Walker, T.R., A Canadian policy framework to mitigate plastic marine pollution. Mar. Policy 68 (2016), 117–122.
124. Phuong, N.N., Poirier, L., Pham, Q.T., Lagarde, F., Zalouk-Vergnoux, A., Factors influencing the microplastic contamination of bivalves from the French Atlantic coast: location, season and/or mode of life?. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 129:2 (2017), 664–674.
125. Pitt, J.A., Kozal, J.S., Jayasundara, N., Massarsky, A., Trevisan, R., Geitner, N., Di Giulio, R.T., Uptake, tissue distribution, and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquat. Toxicol. 194 (2018), 185–194.
126. PlasticsEurope, Plastics – the facts 2017. (Available online) http://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/5715/1717/4180/Plastics_the_facts_2017_FINAL_for_website_one_page.pdf, 2017.
127. Prata, J.C., Microplastics in wastewater: state of the knowledge on sources, fate and solutions. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 129:1 (2018), 262–265.
128. Qiu, Q., Tan, Z., Wang, J., Peng, J., Li, M., Zhan, Z., Extraction, enumeration and identification methods for monitoring microplastics in the environment. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 176 (2016), 102–109.
129. Qu, X., Su, L., Li, H., Liang, M., Shi, H., Assessing the relationship between the abundance and properties of microplastics in water and in mussels. Sci. Total Environ. 621 (2018), 679–686.
130. Rainieri, S., Conlledo, N., Larsen, B.K., Granby, K., Barranco, A., Combined effects of microplastics and chemical contaminants on the organ toxicity of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ. Res. 162 (2018), 135–143.
131. Retama, I., Jonathan, M.P., Shruti, V.C., Velumani, S., Sarkar, S.K., Roy, P.D., Rodríguez-Espinosa, P.F., Microplastics in tourist beaches of Huatulco Bay, Pacific coast of southern Mexico. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 113:1 (2016), 530–535.
132. Reynolds, C., Ryan, P.G., Micro-plastic ingestion by waterbirds from contaminated wetlands in South Africa. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 126 (2018), 330–333.
133. Rochman, C.M., Kross, S.M., Armstrong, J.B., Bogan, M.T., Darling, E.S., Green, S.J., Veríssimo, D., Scientific evidence supports a ban on microbeads., 49(18), 2015, 10759–10761.
134. Romeo, T., Pietro, B., Pedà C., Consoli, P., Andaloro, F., Fossi, M.C., First evidence of presence of plastic debris in stomach of large pelagic fish in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 95:1 (2015), 358–361.
135. Rummel, C.D., Löder, M.G., Fricke, N.F., Lang, T., Griebeler, E.M., Janke, M., Gerdts, G., Plastic ingestion by pelagic and demersal fish from the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 102:1 (2016), 134–141.
136. Sadri, S.S., Thompson, R.C., On the quantity and composition of floating plastic debris entering and leaving the Tamar Estuary, Southwest England. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 81:1 (2014), 55–60.
137. Santos, R.G., Andrades, R., Boldrini, M.A., Martins, A.S., Debris ingestion by juvenile marine turtles: an underestimated problem. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 93:1–2 (2015), 37–43.
138. Savoca, D., Arculeo, M., Barreca, S., Buscemi, S., Caracappa, S., Gentile, A., Pace, A., Chasing phthalates in tissues of marine turtles from the Mediterranean sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 127 (2018), 165–169.
139. Schymanski, D., Goldbeck, C., Humpf, H.U., Fürst, P., Analysis of microplastics in water by micro-Raman spectroscopy: release of plastic particles from different packaging into mineral water. Water Res. 129 (2018), 154–162.
140. Serranti, S., Palmieri, R., Bonifazi, G., Cózar, A., Characterization of microplastic litter from oceans by an innovative approach based on hyperspectral imaging. Waste Manag., 2018, 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.003.
141. Sharma, S., Chatterjee, S., Microplastic pollution, a threat to marine ecosystem and human health: a short review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24:27 (2017), 21530–21547.
142. Sighicelli, M., Pietrelli, L., Lecce, F., Iannilli, V., Falconieri, M., Coscia, L., Zampetti, G., Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of Italian Subalpine Lakes. Environ. Pollut. 236 (2018), 645–651.
143. Song, Y.K., Hong, S.H., Jang, M., Han, G.M., Rani, M., Lee, J., Shim, W.J., A comparison of microscopic and spectroscopic identification methods for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 93:1 (2015), 202–209.
144. Song, Y.K., Hong, S.H., Jang, M., Han, G.M., Shim, W.J., Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the sea surface microlayer in Jinhae Bay, South Korea. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 69:3 (2015), 279–287.
145. Sruthy, S., Ramasamy, E.V., Microplastic pollution in Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India: the first report of microplastics in lake and estuarine sediments in India. Environ. Pollut. 222 (2017), 315–322.
146. Steer, M., Cole, M., Thompson, R.C., Lindeque, P.K., Microplastic ingestion in fish larvae in the western English Channel. Environ. Pollut. 226 (2017), 250–259.
147. Stolte, A., Forster, S., Gerdts, G., Schubert, H., Microplastic concentrations in beach sediments along the German Baltic coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 99:1 (2015), 216–229.
148. Su, L., Xue, Y., Li, L., Yang, D., Kolandhasamy, P., Li, D., Shi, H., Microplastics in Taihu Lake, China. Environ. Pollut. 216 (2016), 711–719.
149. Tagg, A.S., Sapp, M., Harrison, J.P., Ojeda, J.J., Identification and quantification of microplastics in wastewater using focal plane array-based reflectance micro-FT-IR imaging. Anal. Chem. 87:12 (2015), 6032–6040.
150. Talvitie, J., Mikola, A., Setälä O., Heinonen, M., Koistinen, A., How well is microlitter purified from wastewater?–a detailed study on the stepwise removal of microlitter in a tertiary level wastewater treatment plant. Water Res. 109 (2017), 164–172.
151. Tamminga, M., Hengstmann, E., Fischer, E.K., Microplastic analysis in the South Funen Archipelago, Baltic Sea, implementing manta trawling and bulk sampling. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 128 (2018), 601–608.
152. Terepocki, A.K., Brush, A.T., Kleine, L.U., Shugart, G.W., Hodum, P., Size and dynamics of microplastic in gastrointestinal tracts of Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and Sooty Shearwaters (Ardenna grisea). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 116:1 (2017), 143–150.
153. Teuten, E.L., Saquing, J.M., Knappe, D.R., Barlaz, M.A., Jonsson, S., Björn, A., Ochi, D., Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 364:1526 (2009), 2027–2045.
154. Thompson, R.C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R.P., Davis, A., Rowland, S.J., John, A.W., Russell, A.E., Lost at sea: where is all the plastic?. Science, 304(5672), 2004, 838.
155. Van Cauwenberghe, L., Janssen, C.R., Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption. Environ. Pollut. 193 (2014), 65–70.
156. Van Cauwenberghe, L., Vanreusel, A., Mees, J., Janssen, C.R., Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments. Environ. Pollut. 182 (2013), 495–499.
157. Van Cauwenberghe, L., Devriese, L., Galgani, F., Robbens, J., Janssen, C.R., Microplastics in sediments: a review of techniques, occurrence and effects. Mar. Environ. Res. 111 (2015), 5–17.
158. Van Cauwenberghe, L., Claessens, M., Vandegehuchte, M.B., Janssen, C.R., Microplastics are taken up by mussels (Mytilus edulis) and lugworms (Arenicola marina) living in natural habitats. Environ. Pollut. 199 (2015), 10–17.
159. Van der Hal, N., Ariel, A., Angel, D.L., Exceptionally high abundances of microplastics in the oligotrophic Israeli Mediterranean coastal waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 116:1 (2017), 151–155.
160. Vandermeersch, G., Van Cauwenberghe, L., Janssen, C.R., Marques, A., Granby, K., Fait, G., Devriese, L., A critical view on microplastic quantification in aquatic organisms. Environ. Res. 143 (2015), 46–55.
161. Vaughan, R., Turner, S.D., Rose, N.L., Microplastics in the sediments of a UK urban lake. Environ. Pollut. 229 (2017), 10–18.
162. Vedolin, M.C., Teophilo, C.Y.S., Turra, A., Figueira, R.C.L., Spatial variability in the concentrations of metals in beached microplastics. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 129:2 (2017), 487–493.
163. Veerasingam, S., Saha, M., Suneel, V., Vethamony, P., Rodrigues, A.C., Bhattacharyya, S., Naik, B.G., Characteristics, seasonal distribution and surface degradation features of microplastic pellets along the Goa coast, India. Chemosphere 159 (2016), 496–505.
164. Villarrubia-Gómez, P., Cornell, S.E., Fabres, J., Marine plastic pollution as a planetary boundary threat–the drifting piece in the sustainability puzzle. Mar. Policy, 2017, 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.035.
165. Wagner, M., Scherer, C., Alvarez-Muñoz, D., Brennholt, N., Bourrain, X., Buchinger, S., Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: what we know and what we need to know. Environ. Sci. Eur., 26(1), 2014, 12.
166. Waller, C.L., Griffiths, H.J., Waluda, C.M., Thorpe, S.E., Loaiza, I., Moreno, B., Hughes, K.A., Microplastics in the Antarctic marine system: an emerging area of research. Sci. Total Environ. 598 (2017), 220–227.
167. Wang, W., Ndungu, A.W., Li, Z., Wang, J., Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China: a case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan, China. Sci. Total Environ. 575 (2017), 1369–1374.
168. Wang, J., Peng, J., Tan, Z., Gao, Y., Zhan, Z., Chen, Q., Cai, L., Microplastics in the surface sediments from the Beijiang River littoral zone: composition, abundance, surface textures and interaction with heavy metals. Chemosphere 171 (2017), 248–258.
169. Wang, T., Zou, X., Li, B., Yao, Y., Li, J., Hui, H., Wang, C., Microplastics in a wind farm area: a case study at the Rudong Offshore Wind Farm, Yellow Sea, China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 128 (2018), 466–474.
170. Wang, F., Wong, C.S., Chen, D., Lu, X., Wang, F., Zeng, E.Y., Interaction of toxic chemicals with microplastics: a critical review. Water Res. 139 (2018), 208–219.
171. Wen, B., Zhang, N., Jin, S.R., Chen, Z.Z., Gao, J.Z., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., Microplastics have a more profound impact than elevated temperatures on the predatory performance, digestion and energy metabolism of an Amazonian cichlid. Aquat. Toxicol. 195 (2018), 67–76.
172. Wesch, C., Barthel, A.K., Braun, U., Klein, R., Paulus, M., No microplastics in benthic eelpout (Zoarces viviparus): an urgent need for spectroscopic analyses in microplastic detection. Environ. Res. 148 (2016), 36–38.
173. Wessel, C.C., Lockridge, G.R., Battiste, D., Cebrian, J., Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in beach sediments: insights into microplastic accumulation in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 109:1 (2016), 178–183.
174. Wright, S.L., Thompson, R.C., Galloway, T.S., The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review. Environ. Pollut. 178 (2013), 483–492.
175. Xanthos, D., Walker, T.R., International policies to reduce plastic marine pollution from single-use plastics (plastic bags and microbeads): a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 118:1–2 (2017), 17–26.
176. Young, A.M., Elliott, J.A., Characterization of microplastic and mesoplastic debris in sediments from Kamilo Beach and Kahuku Beach, Hawai'i. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 113:1 (2016), 477–482.
177. Yu, X., Peng, J., Wang, J., Wang, K., Bao, S., Occurrence of microplastics in the beach sand of the Chinese inner sea: the Bohai Sea. Environ. Pollut. 214 (2016), 722–730.
178. Zhang, K., Su, J., Xiong, X., Wu, X., Wu, C., Liu, J., Microplastic pollution of lakeshore sediments from remote lakes in Tibet plateau, China. Environ. Pollut. 219 (2016), 450–455.
179. Zhang, W., Zhang, S., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Mu, J., Wang, P., Ma, D., Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Bohai Sea, China. Environ. Pollut. 231 (2017), 541–548.
180. Zhao, S., Zhu, L., Wang, T., Li, D., Suspended microplastics in the surface water of the Yangtze Estuary System, China: first observations on occurrence, distribution. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 86:1 (2014), 562–568.
181. Zhao, S., Zhu, L., Li, D., Microplastic in three urban estuaries, China. Environ. Pollut. 206 (2015), 597–604.
182. Ziajahromi, S., Neale, P.A., Rintoul, L., Leusch, F.D., Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics. Water Res. 112 (2017), 93–99.
183. Zobkov, M., Esiukova, E., Microplastics in Baltic bottom sediments: quantification procedures and first results. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 114:2 (2017), 724–732.