메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2018, Pages 323-345

Five Questions Concerning Managing Hepatitis C in the Justice System: Finding Practical Solutions for Hepatitis C Virus Elimination

Author keywords

HCV elimination; Hepatitis C; Incarceration; Jail; Medicaid; Prison

Indexed keywords

ANTIVIRUS AGENT;

EID: 85047216934     PISSN: 08915520     EISSN: 15579824     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.02.014     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 84895821627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010
    • Denniston, M.M., Jiles, R.B., Drobeniuc, J., et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010. Ann Intern Med 160:5 (2014), 293–300.
    • (2014) Ann Intern Med , vol.160 , Issue.5 , pp. 293-300
    • Denniston, M.M.1    Jiles, R.B.2    Drobeniuc, J.3
  • 2
    • 0026506727 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of intravenous drug users by history of arrest and treatment for drug use
    • Alcabes, P., Vlahov, D., Anthony, J.C., Characteristics of intravenous drug users by history of arrest and treatment for drug use. J Nerv Ment Dis 180:1 (1992), 48–54.
    • (1992) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.180 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-54
    • Alcabes, P.1    Vlahov, D.2    Anthony, J.C.3
  • 3
    • 84931578378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incarceration and injection drug use in Baltimore, Maryland
    • Genberg, B.L., Astemborski, J., Vlahov, D., et al. Incarceration and injection drug use in Baltimore, Maryland. Addiction 110:7 (2015), 1152–1159.
    • (2015) Addiction , vol.110 , Issue.7 , pp. 1152-1159
    • Genberg, B.L.1    Astemborski, J.2    Vlahov, D.3
  • 4
    • 85021122879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A national strategy for the elimination of hepatitis B and C: phase two report
    • National Academies Press Washington, DC
    • National Academies of Sciences Engineering, and Medicine. A national strategy for the elimination of hepatitis B and C: phase two report. 2017, National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
    • (2017)
  • 5
    • 85047227293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World prison brief, Webpage of the International Centre for Prison Studies, University of London. Available at: Accessed February 3.
    • World prison brief, Webpage of the International Centre for Prison Studies, University of London. Available at: http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief-data. Accessed February 3, 2018.
    • (2018)
  • 6
    • 81555207211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity of release patterns for jail detainees: implications for public health interventions
    • Spaulding, A.C., Perez, S.D., Seals, R.M., et al. The diversity of release patterns for jail detainees: implications for public health interventions. Am J Public Health 101:Suppl 1 (2011), S347–S352.
    • (2011) Am J Public Health , vol.101 , pp. S347-S352
    • Spaulding, A.C.1    Perez, S.D.2    Seals, R.M.3
  • 7
    • 85044932431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jail, an unappreciated medical home: assessing the feasibility of a strengths-based case management intervention to improve the care retention of HIV-infected persons once released from jail
    • Spaulding, A.C., Drobeniuc, A.M., Frew, P.M., et al. Jail, an unappreciated medical home: assessing the feasibility of a strengths-based case management intervention to improve the care retention of HIV-infected persons once released from jail. PLoSOne, 13(3), 2018, e0191643.
    • (2018) PLoSOne , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. e0191643
    • Spaulding, A.C.1    Drobeniuc, A.M.2    Frew, P.M.3
  • 8
    • 84894283982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C seroprevalence among prison inmates since 2001: still high but declining
    • Varan, A.K., Mercer, D.W., Stein, M.S., et al. Hepatitis C seroprevalence among prison inmates since 2001: still high but declining. Public Health Rep 129:2 (2014), 187–195.
    • (2014) Public Health Rep , vol.129 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-195
    • Varan, A.K.1    Mercer, D.W.2    Stein, M.S.3
  • 9
    • 85020284084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prisoners in 2015
    • US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics Washington, DC NCJ 250229. Available at: Accessed January 20, 2017
    • Carson, E.A., Anderson, E., Prisoners in 2015. 2016, US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC NCJ 250229. Available at: https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=5869 Accessed January 20, 2017.
    • (2016)
    • Carson, E.A.1    Anderson, E.2
  • 10
    • 84994234383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New hepatitis C drugs are very costly and unavailable to many state prisoners
    • Beckman, A.L., Bilinski, A., Boyko, R., et al. New hepatitis C drugs are very costly and unavailable to many state prisoners. Health Aff 35:10 (2016), 1893–1901.
    • (2016) Health Aff , vol.35 , Issue.10 , pp. 1893-1901
    • Beckman, A.L.1    Bilinski, A.2    Boyko, R.3
  • 11
    • 84878824929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of new therapeutics for hepatitis C virus infection in incarcerated populations
    • Spaulding, A., Kim, A., Harzke, A., et al. Impact of new therapeutics for hepatitis C virus infection in incarcerated populations. Top Antivir Med 21:1 (2012), 27–35.
    • (2012) Top Antivir Med , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-35
    • Spaulding, A.1    Kim, A.2    Harzke, A.3
  • 12
    • 85028851762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV and HCV in U.S. prisons and jails: the correctional facility as a bellwether over time for the community's infections
    • Spaulding, A.C., Anderson, E.J., Khan, M.A., et al. HIV and HCV in U.S. prisons and jails: the correctional facility as a bellwether over time for the community's infections. AIDS Rev 19:3 (2017), 134–147.
    • (2017) AIDS Rev , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 134-147
    • Spaulding, A.C.1    Anderson, E.J.2    Khan, M.A.3
  • 13
    • 27944460083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis testing and treatment in state prisons
    • US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs Washington, DC
    • Beck, A.J., Maruschak, L.M., Hepatitis testing and treatment in state prisons. 2004, US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC.
    • (2004)
    • Beck, A.J.1    Maruschak, L.M.2
  • 14
    • 84966430278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rising mortality associated with hepatitis C virus in the United States, 2003–2013
    • Ly, K.N., Hughes, E.M., Jiles, R.B., et al. Rising mortality associated with hepatitis C virus in the United States, 2003–2013. Clin Infect Dis 62:10 (2016), 1287–1288.
    • (2016) Clin Infect Dis , vol.62 , Issue.10 , pp. 1287-1288
    • Ly, K.N.1    Hughes, E.M.2    Jiles, R.B.3
  • 15
    • 85047202833 scopus 로고
    • Estelle v. Gamble 429 U.S. 97
    • Estelle v. Gamble 429 U.S. 97 (1976).
    • (1976)
  • 16
    • 84955254471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of hepatitis C by screening and treatment in US prisons
    • He, T., Li, K., Roberts, M., et al. Prevention of hepatitis C by screening and treatment in US prisons. Ann Intern Med 164:2 (2016), 84–92.
    • (2016) Ann Intern Med , vol.164 , Issue.2 , pp. 84-92
    • He, T.1    Li, K.2    Roberts, M.3
  • 17
    • 84887020007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus treatment for prevention among people who inject drugs: modeling treatment scale-up in the age of direct-acting antivirals
    • Martin, N.K., Vickerman, P., Grebely, J., et al. Hepatitis C virus treatment for prevention among people who inject drugs: modeling treatment scale-up in the age of direct-acting antivirals. Hepatology 58:5 (2013), 1598–1609.
    • (2013) Hepatology , vol.58 , Issue.5 , pp. 1598-1609
    • Martin, N.K.1    Vickerman, P.2    Grebely, J.3
  • 18
    • 84921051337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-risk behaviors after release from incarceration among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia
    • Cepeda, J.A., Niccolai, L.M., Lyubimova, A., et al. High-risk behaviors after release from incarceration among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia. Drug Alcohol Depend 147 (2015), 196–202.
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.147 , pp. 196-202
    • Cepeda, J.A.1    Niccolai, L.M.2    Lyubimova, A.3
  • 19
    • 85047222955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Bureau of Prisons. Evaluation and management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Clinical guidance. 2016. Available at: Accessed September 7.
    • Federal Bureau of Prisons. Evaluation and management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Clinical guidance. 2016. Available at: https://www.bop.gov/resources/pdfs/hepatitis_c.pdf. Accessed September 7, 2017.
    • (2017)
  • 20
    • 85047210551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Finance, United States Senate. The price of sovaldi and its impact on the U.S. health care system. 2015. Available at: Accessed February 24.
    • Committee on Finance, United States Senate. The price of sovaldi and its impact on the U.S. health care system. 2015. Available at: https://www.finance.senate.gov/download/the-price-of-sovaldi-and-its-impact-on-the-us-health-care-system-full-report. Accessed February 24, 2017.
    • (2017)
  • 21
    • 84867288022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945-1965
    • Smith, B.D., Morgan, R.L., Beckett, G.A., et al. Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945-1965. MMWR Recomm Rep 61:RR-4 (2012), 1–32.
    • (2012) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.61 , Issue.RR-4 , pp. 1-32
    • Smith, B.D.1    Morgan, R.L.2    Beckett, G.A.3
  • 22
    • 84881637752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement
    • Moyer, V.A., Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 159:5 (2013), 349–357.
    • (2013) Ann Intern Med , vol.159 , Issue.5 , pp. 349-357
    • Moyer, V.A.1
  • 23
    • 11244331541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated prevalence of hepatitis C infection in users of United States veterans medical centers
    • Dominitz, J.A., Boyko, E.J., Koepsell, T.D., et al. Elevated prevalence of hepatitis C infection in users of United States veterans medical centers. Hepatology 41:1 (2005), 88–96.
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-96
    • Dominitz, J.A.1    Boyko, E.J.2    Koepsell, T.D.3
  • 24
    • 79952223130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the staging of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: an updated meta-analysis
    • Lin, Z.H., Xin, Y.N., Dong, Q.J., et al. Performance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the staging of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: an updated meta-analysis. Hepatology 53:3 (2011), 726–736.
    • (2011) Hepatology , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 726-736
    • Lin, Z.H.1    Xin, Y.N.2    Dong, Q.J.3
  • 25
    • 84940001963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of risk-based hepatitis C screening and the true seroprevalence in an urban prison system
    • Kuncio, D.E., Newbern, E.C., Fernandez-Viña, M.H., et al. Comparison of risk-based hepatitis C screening and the true seroprevalence in an urban prison system. J Urban Health 92:2 (2015), 379–386.
    • (2015) J Urban Health , vol.92 , Issue.2 , pp. 379-386
    • Kuncio, D.E.1    Newbern, E.C.2    Fernandez-Viña, M.H.3
  • 26
    • 84901020258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Pennsylvania state prisons, 2004–2012: limitations of 1945–1965 birth cohort screening in correctional settings
    • Larney, S., Mahowald, M.K., Scharff, N., et al. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Pennsylvania state prisons, 2004–2012: limitations of 1945–1965 birth cohort screening in correctional settings. Am J Public Health 106:6 (2014), e69–74.
    • (2014) Am J Public Health , vol.106 , Issue.6 , pp. e69-74
    • Larney, S.1    Mahowald, M.K.2    Scharff, N.3
  • 27
    • 84977104427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of risk-based and birth-cohort strategies for identifying hepatitis C virus infection among people entering prison, Wisconsin, 2014
    • Stockman, L.J., Greer, J., Holzmacher, R., et al. Performance of risk-based and birth-cohort strategies for identifying hepatitis C virus infection among people entering prison, Wisconsin, 2014. Public Health Rep 131:4 (2016), 544–551.
    • (2016) Public Health Rep , vol.131 , Issue.4 , pp. 544-551
    • Stockman, L.J.1    Greer, J.2    Holzmacher, R.3
  • 28
    • 85060903584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV in prison
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics Washington, DC NCJ 250641. Available at: Accessed October 10, 2017
    • Maruschak, L.M., Bronson, J., HIV in prison. 2017, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC NCJ 250641. Available at: https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/hivp15st.pdf Accessed October 10, 2017.
    • (2017)
    • Maruschak, L.M.1    Bronson, J.2
  • 29
    • 85007137332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of rapid hepatitis C virus testing in the Rhode Island Department of Corrections
    • Beckwith, C.G., Kurth, A.E., Bazerman, L.B., et al. A pilot study of rapid hepatitis C virus testing in the Rhode Island Department of Corrections. J Public Health (Oxf) 38:1 (2016), 130–137.
    • (2016) J Public Health (Oxf) , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 130-137
    • Beckwith, C.G.1    Kurth, A.E.2    Bazerman, L.B.3
  • 30
    • 34250334182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting HCV treatment completion for prison inmates: New York State's hepatitis C continuity program
    • Klein, S.J., Wright, L.N., Birkhead, G.S., et al. Promoting HCV treatment completion for prison inmates: New York State's hepatitis C continuity program. Public Health Rep 122:Suppl 2 (2007), 83–88.
    • (2007) Public Health Rep , vol.122 , pp. 83-88
    • Klein, S.J.1    Wright, L.N.2    Birkhead, G.S.3
  • 31
    • 84883419062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood tests to diagnose fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review
    • Chou, R., Wasson, N., Blood tests to diagnose fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 158:11 (2013), 807–820.
    • (2013) Ann Intern Med , vol.158 , Issue.11 , pp. 807-820
    • Chou, R.1    Wasson, N.2
  • 32
    • 0037418133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in a state correctional facility
    • Allen, S.A., Spaulding, A.C., Osei, A.M., et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in a state correctional facility. Ann Intern Med 138:3 (2003), 187–190.
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.138 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-190
    • Allen, S.A.1    Spaulding, A.C.2    Osei, A.M.3
  • 33
    • 85047196669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a population with hepatitis C infection in a U.S. state prison. 6th International Symposium on hepatitis care in substance users. Jersey City, NJ, September 6–8.
    • Assoumou SA, Wang J, Tsui J, et al. Characterization of a population with hepatitis C infection in a U.S. state prison. 6th International Symposium on hepatitis care in substance users. Jersey City, NJ, September 6–8, 2017.
    • (2017)
    • Assoumou, S.A.1    Wang, J.2    Tsui, J.3
  • 34
    • 85007478352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price and affordability of direct-acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus in the United States
    • Rosenthal, E.S., Graham, C.S., Price and affordability of direct-acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus in the United States. Infect Agent Cancer, 11(1), 2016, 24.
    • (2016) Infect Agent Cancer , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 24
    • Rosenthal, E.S.1    Graham, C.S.2
  • 35
    • 85027976008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: cost-effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals for treatment of hepatitis C genotypes 2-6
    • He, T., Lopez-Olivo, M.A., Hur, C., et al. Systematic review: cost-effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals for treatment of hepatitis C genotypes 2-6. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 46:8 (2017), 711–721.
    • (2017) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.46 , Issue.8 , pp. 711-721
    • He, T.1    Lopez-Olivo, M.A.2    Hur, C.3
  • 36
    • 85008448661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-acting antiviral agents for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection are cost-saving
    • Chhatwal, J., He, T., Hur, C., et al. Direct-acting antiviral agents for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection are cost-saving. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:6 (2017), 827–837.e8.
    • (2017) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 827-837.e8
    • Chhatwal, J.1    He, T.2    Hur, C.3
  • 37
    • 85047222474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8(k)(1).
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8(k)(1).
  • 38
    • 85047209615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C.F.R. 447.504.
    • C.F.R. 447.504.
  • 39
    • 84896449505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimum costs for producing hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals for use in large-scale treatment access programs in developing countries
    • Hill, A., Khoo, S., Fortunak, J., et al. Minimum costs for producing hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals for use in large-scale treatment access programs in developing countries. Clin Infect Dis 58:7 (2014), 928–936.
    • (2014) Clin Infect Dis , vol.58 , Issue.7 , pp. 928-936
    • Hill, A.1    Khoo, S.2    Fortunak, J.3
  • 40
    • 84925374207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimum target prices for production of direct-acting antivirals and associated diagnostics to combat hepatitis C virus
    • van de Ven, N., Fortunak, J., Simmons, B., et al. Minimum target prices for production of direct-acting antivirals and associated diagnostics to combat hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 61:4 (2015), 1174–1182.
    • (2015) Hepatology , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 1174-1182
    • van de Ven, N.1    Fortunak, J.2    Simmons, B.3
  • 41
    • 85047197877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 1395 w-3a.
    • U.S.C. 1395 w-3a.
  • 42
    • 85047221258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 8126.
    • U.S.C. 8126.
  • 43
    • 85047192141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 256b.
    • U.S.C. 256b.
  • 44
    • 85047223341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8.
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8.
  • 45
    • 85047228932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8 (c)(1)(C)(i).
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8 (c)(1)(C)(i).
  • 46
    • 85033467011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prescription for excessive drug pricing: leveraging government patent use for health
    • Available at
    • Brennan, H., Kapczynski, A., Monahan, C.H., et al. A prescription for excessive drug pricing: leveraging government patent use for health. Yale Journal of Law & Technology, 18(1), 2016, 7 Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjolt/vol18/iss1/7.
    • (2016) Yale Journal of Law & Technology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 7
    • Brennan, H.1    Kapczynski, A.2    Monahan, C.H.3
  • 47
    • 85047185493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High cost of new HCV drugs strains prison budgets, locks many out of care
    • Available at: Accessed September 13, 2016
    • Fields, G., Lofuts, P., High cost of new HCV drugs strains prison budgets, locks many out of care. Wall Street Journal, 2016 Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/high-cost-of-new-hepatitis-c-drugs-strains-prison-budgets-locks-many-out-of-cure-1473701644 Accessed September 13, 2016.
    • (2016) Wall Street Journal
    • Fields, G.1    Lofuts, P.2
  • 48
    • 85047202663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C.F.R. 447.502.
    • C.F.R. 447.502.
  • 49
    • 85047177385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8(c)(1)(D)(i).
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8(c)(1)(D)(i).
  • 50
    • 85047222554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8(c)(1)(D)(ii).
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8(c)(1)(D)(ii).
  • 51
    • 85047181199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter to Rebekah E. Gee, Secretary of Health, State of Louisiana. 2017. Available at: Accessed October 10.
    • Sharfstein JM, GA, JMB, et al. Letter to Rebekah E. Gee, Secretary of Health, State of Louisiana. 2017. Available at: http://ldh.la.gov/assets/docs/HepatitisC/ResponsememotoSecretaryGeeHCV.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2010.
    • (2010)
    • Sharfstein, J.M.1    GA, J.M.B.2
  • 52
    • 84877261106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic hepatitis C infection in the United States
    • Eckman, M.H., Talal, A.H., Gordon, S.C., et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic hepatitis C infection in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 56:10 (2013), 1382–1393.
    • (2013) Clin Infect Dis , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 1382-1393
    • Eckman, M.H.1    Talal, A.H.2    Gordon, S.C.3
  • 53
    • 84863393363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost-effectiveness of birth-cohort screening for hepatitis C antibody in U.S. primary care settings
    • Rein, D.B., Smith, B.D., Wittenborn, J.S., et al. The cost-effectiveness of birth-cohort screening for hepatitis C antibody in U.S. primary care settings. Ann Intern Med 156:4 (2012), 263–270.
    • (2012) Ann Intern Med , vol.156 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-270
    • Rein, D.B.1    Smith, B.D.2    Wittenborn, J.S.3
  • 54
    • 84859947750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic model of a birth cohort screening program for hepatitis C virus
    • McGarry, L.J., Pawar, V.S., Panchmatia, H.R., et al. Economic model of a birth cohort screening program for hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 55:5 (2012), 1344–1355.
    • (2012) Hepatology , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 1344-1355
    • McGarry, L.J.1    Pawar, V.S.2    Panchmatia, H.R.3
  • 55
    • 84875287973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness analysis of risk-factor guided and birth-cohort screening for chronic hepatitis C infection in the United States
    • Liu, S., Cipriano, L.E., Holodniy, M., et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of risk-factor guided and birth-cohort screening for chronic hepatitis C infection in the United States. PLoS One, 8(3), 2013, e58975.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. e58975
    • Liu, S.1    Cipriano, L.E.2    Holodniy, M.3
  • 56
    • 84978300317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is increased hepatitis C virus case-finding combined with current or 8-week to 12-week direct-acting antiviral therapy cost-effective in UK prisons? A prevention benefit analysis
    • Martin, N.K., Vickerman, P., Brew, I.F., et al. Is increased hepatitis C virus case-finding combined with current or 8-week to 12-week direct-acting antiviral therapy cost-effective in UK prisons? A prevention benefit analysis. Hepatology 63:6 (2016), 1796–1808.
    • (2016) Hepatology , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 1796-1808
    • Martin, N.K.1    Vickerman, P.2    Brew, I.F.3
  • 57
    • 84884549621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of HCV case-finding for people who inject drugs via dried blood spot testing in specialist addiction services and prisons
    • [pii:e003153]
    • Martin, N.K., Hickman, M., Miners, A., et al. Cost-effectiveness of HCV case-finding for people who inject drugs via dried blood spot testing in specialist addiction services and prisons. BMJ Open, 3(8), 2013 [pii:e003153].
    • (2013) BMJ Open , vol.3 , Issue.8
    • Martin, N.K.1    Hickman, M.2    Miners, A.3
  • 58
    • 85023169648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mortality among persons with chronic hepatitis C with moderate or severe liver disease: a cohort study
    • Cepeda, J.A., Thomas, D.L., Astemborski, J., et al. Increased mortality among persons with chronic hepatitis C with moderate or severe liver disease: a cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 65:2 (2017), 235–243.
    • (2017) Clin Infect Dis , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-243
    • Cepeda, J.A.1    Thomas, D.L.2    Astemborski, J.3
  • 59
    • 85047203434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed March 19.
    • Available at: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/prescription-drugs/medicaid-drug-rebate-program/index.html. Accessed March 19, 2018.
    • (2018)
  • 60
    • 85047208634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C.F.R. 447.509 (a) (1).
    • C.F.R. 447.509 (a) (1).
  • 61
    • 85047195732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C.F.R. 447.509.
    • C.F.R. 447.509.
  • 62
    • 85047185947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C.F.R. 447.509 (a) (6).
    • C.F.R. 447.509 (a) (6).
  • 63
    • 85047197404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8 (k)(3).
    • U.S.C. 1396r-8 (k)(3).
  • 64
    • 85047211669 scopus 로고
    • Veterans Health Care Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-585 §602, 106 Stat. 4943.
    • Veterans Health Care Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-585 §602, 106 Stat. 4943, 4967–4971 (1992).
    • (1992) , pp. 4967-4971
  • 65
    • 85047225012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S.C. 1396 r -8(c)(1)(C)(ii)(III).
    • U.S.C. 1396 r -8(c)(1)(C)(ii)(III).
  • 66
    • 17144429966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical discounts under federal law: state program opportunities
    • Pharmaceuticals and Indigent Care Program, Public Health Institute Oakland (CA)
    • von Oehsen, W.H., Ashe M, Duke K., Pharmaceutical discounts under federal law: state program opportunities. 2001, Pharmaceuticals and Indigent Care Program, Public Health Institute, Oakland (CA).
    • (2001)
    • von Oehsen, W.H.1    Ashe M, D.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.