The Pragmatic Dimension of the Palestinian Hamas: A Network Perspective

Armed Forces and Society

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2003, Pages

  Mishal, Shaul ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85047103975     PISSN: 0095327X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0095327X0302900406     Document Type: Review

References (83)

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2. Bernard Lewis, "The Revolt of Islam: When Did the Conflict with the West Begin, and How Could it End?" The New Yorker (19 November 2001): 50-63; Benny Morris, "Camp David and After: An Exchange," The New York Review of Books (13 June 2002): 42-45.
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4. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), and an interview, "A Head-On Collision of Alien Cultures?" The New York Times (20 October 2001). For opposite views, see Fuad Ajami, "The Summoning," Foreign Affairs (September/October 1993): 2-9; Scott R. Appleby, "The Fundamentalist Factor," Lingua Franca (November 2001): 42-46; Gema Martin-Munoz, "Arab States, Islamism and the West," www.openDemocracy.net (accessed 19 June 2002); Edward Said, "The Class of Ignorance," The Nation (22 October 2001): 11-13.
5. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), and an interview, "A Head-On Collision of Alien Cultures?" The New York Times (20 October 2001). For opposite views, see Fuad Ajami, "The Summoning," Foreign Affairs (September/October 1993): 2-9; Scott R. Appleby, "The Fundamentalist Factor," Lingua Franca (November 2001): 42-46; Gema Martin-Munoz, "Arab States, Islamism and the West," www.openDemocracy.net (accessed 19 June 2002); Edward Said, "The Class of Ignorance," The Nation (22 October 2001): 11-13.
6. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), and an interview, "A Head-On Collision of Alien Cultures?" The New York Times (20 October 2001). For opposite views, see Fuad Ajami, "The Summoning," Foreign Affairs (September/October 1993): 2-9; Scott R. Appleby, "The Fundamentalist Factor," Lingua Franca (November 2001): 42-46; Gema Martin-Munoz, "Arab States, Islamism and the West," www.openDemocracy.net (accessed 19 June 2002); Edward Said, "The Class of Ignorance," The Nation (22 October 2001): 11-13.
7. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), and an interview, "A Head-On Collision of Alien Cultures?" The New York Times (20 October 2001). For opposite views, see Fuad Ajami, "The Summoning," Foreign Affairs (September/October 1993): 2-9; Scott R. Appleby, "The Fundamentalist Factor," Lingua Franca (November 2001): 42-46; Gema Martin-Munoz, "Arab States, Islamism and the West," www.openDemocracy.net (accessed 19 June 2002); Edward Said, "The Class of Ignorance," The Nation (22 October 2001): 11-13.
8. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), and an interview, "A Head-On Collision of Alien Cultures?" The New York Times (20 October 2001). For opposite views, see Fuad Ajami, "The Summoning," Foreign Affairs (September/October 1993): 2-9; Scott R. Appleby, "The Fundamentalist Factor," Lingua Franca (November 2001): 42-46; Gema Martin-Munoz, "Arab States, Islamism and the West," www.openDemocracy.net (accessed 19 June 2002); Edward Said, "The Class of Ignorance," The Nation (22 October 2001): 11-13.
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14. Eickelman and Piscatori, Muslim Politics, 17-11.
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19. "Social Theory in the Study of Muslim Societies," in Muslim Travelers, Pillgrimage, and the Religious Imagination, eds. Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori (London: Routledge, 1990); Linda L. Layne, Home and Homeland: The Dialogics of Tribal and National Identities in Jordan (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), 7-9.
20. Henry Munson, Islam and Revolution in the Middle East (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988), 100-101.
21. Ibid., 108-109.
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23. Nazih N. M. Ayubi, "Arab Bureaucracies: Expanding Size, Changing Role," in The Arab State, ed. Giacomo Luciani (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 129-149; Nazih N. M. Ayubi, Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World (London: Routledge, 1991); Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori, "Social Theory in the Study of Muslim Societies," 18-21, op. cit.; Describing the Islamic history of Indonesia and Morocco, Clifford Geertz stipulates that even under conditions of acute social change, people do not necessarily become "secular" in the sense that they "progressively" turn into "religious less mind." On the contrary, Geertz claims, they turn from "religious" to "religious-mindedness," from being a captive of religious conviction to holding a religious belief in one way or another. See Clifford Geertz, Islam Observed (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), 61.
24. Nazih N. M. Ayubi, "Arab Bureaucracies: Expanding Size, Changing Role," in The Arab State, ed. Giacomo Luciani (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 129-149; Nazih N. M. Ayubi, Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World (London: Routledge, 1991); Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori, "Social Theory in the Study of Muslim Societies," 18-21, op. cit.; Describing the Islamic history of Indonesia and Morocco, Clifford Geertz stipulates that even under conditions of acute social change, people do not necessarily become "secular" in the sense that they "progressively" turn into "religious less mind." On the contrary, Geertz claims, they turn from "religious" to "religious-mindedness," from being a captive of religious conviction to holding a religious belief in one way or another. See Clifford Geertz, Islam Observed (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), 61.
25. Nazih N. M. Ayubi, "Arab Bureaucracies: Expanding Size, Changing Role," in The Arab State, ed. Giacomo Luciani (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 129-149; Nazih N. M. Ayubi, Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World (London: Routledge, 1991); Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori, "Social Theory in the Study of Muslim Societies," 18-21, op. cit.; Describing the Islamic history of Indonesia and Morocco, Clifford Geertz stipulates that even under conditions of acute social change, people do not necessarily become "secular" in the sense that they "progressively" turn into "religious less mind." On the contrary, Geertz claims, they turn from "religious" to "religious-mindedness," from being a captive of religious conviction to holding a religious belief in one way or another. See Clifford Geertz, Islam Observed (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), 61.
26. Layne, Home and Homeland: The Dialogics of Tribal and National Identities in Jordan, 4.
27. Ibid., 4-6.
28. Baruch Kimmerling and Joel S. Migdal, Palestinians: The Making of a People (New York: Free Press, 1993).
29. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogical Imagination (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1981), in Layne, Home and Homeland: The Dialogics of Tribal and National Identities in Jordan, 9.
30. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogical Imagination (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1981), in Layne, Home and Homeland: The Dialogics of Tribal and National Identities in Jordan, 9.
31. Bassam Tibi, "The Simultaneity of the Unsimultaneous: Old Tribes and the Imposed Nation-States in the Modern Middle East," in Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, eds. Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 147.
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35. Ulrich Beck, 'The Reinventing of Politics: Toward a Theory of Reflexive Modernization," in Reflexive Modernization, eds. Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens, and Scott Lash (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994).
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37. Knoke, Political Networks, 20-22; Zigmunt Bauman, Modernity and Ambivalence (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991); Ronald S. Burt, The Social Structure of the Competition (Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 57-91; Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).
38. Knoke, Political Networks, 20-22; Zigmunt Bauman, Modernity and Ambivalence (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991); Ronald S. Burt, The Social Structure of the Competition (Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 57-91; Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).
39. Knoke, Political Networks, 20-22; Zigmunt Bauman, Modernity and Ambivalence (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991); Ronald S. Burt, The Social Structure of the Competition (Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 57-91; Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).
40. Knoke, Political Networks, 20-22; Zigmunt Bauman, Modernity and Ambivalence (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991); Ronald S. Burt, The Social Structure of the Competition (Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 57-91; Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).
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50. Eickelman and Piscatori, Muslim Politics, 17.
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53. Shaul Mishal and Avraham Sela, The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence, and Co-existence (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 41-46.
54. Hamas, Mu'tamar 'Ulama' Filastin [Council of Palestine Islamic Scholars], Fatwa al-Musharaka fi Mu'tamar Madrid wal-Sulh Ma'a Isra 'il. [fatwa (learned opinion) on the participation the Madrid conference and peace with Israel]. Jerusalem (1 November 1991); Copenhagen Politiken, 6 September 2000, FBIS-NESA. Daily Report, 26 September 2000.
55. Hamas, Mu'tamar 'Ulama' Filastin [Council of Palestine Islamic Scholars], Fatwa al-Musharaka fi Mu'tamar Madrid wal-Sulh Ma'a Isra 'il. [fatwa (learned opinion) on the participation the Madrid conference and peace with Israel]. Jerusalem (1 November 1991); Copenhagen Politiken, 6 September 2000, FBIS-NESA. Daily Report, 26 September 2000.
56. Hamas, Mu'tamar 'Ulama' Filastin [Council of Palestine Islamic Scholars], Fatwa al-Musharaka fi Mu'tamar Madrid wal-Sulh Ma'a Isra 'il. [fatwa (learned opinion) on the participation the Madrid conference and peace with Israel]. Jerusalem (1 November 1991); Copenhagen Politiken, 6 September 2000, FBIS-NESA. Daily Report, 26 September 2000.
57. Hamas, Mu'tamar 'Ulama' Filastin [Council of Palestine Islamic Scholars], Fatwa al-Musharaka fi Mu'tamar Madrid wal-Sulh Ma'a Isra 'il. [fatwa (learned opinion) on the participation the Madrid conference and peace with Israel]. Jerusalem (1 November 1991); Copenhagen Politiken, 6 September 2000, FBIS-NESA. Daily Report, 26 September 2000.
58. Hamas leaflet, Bayan lil-Tarikh - La Limu'tamar Bay' Filastin wa-Bayt al-Maqdis [a declaration to the historical record... no to the sale conference of Palestine and the Holy Temple], (23 September 1991); al-Dustur (Amman), (29 September 2001).
59. Hamas leaflet, Bayan lil-Tarikh - La Limu'tamar Bay' Filastin wa-Bayt al-Maqdis [a declaration to the historical record... no to the sale conference of Palestine and the Holy Temple], (23 September 1991); al-Dustur (Amman), (29 September 2001).
60. Mishal and Sela, The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence, and Coexistence, 46-47.
61. Filastin al-Muslima (June, 1994).
62. al-Quds (12 October 1995).
63. On the polemic over the legitimacy of the agreement with Israel, see al-Watan (Gaza, 11 January)
64. On the polemic over the legitimacy of the agreement with Israel, see al-Watan (Gaza, 11 January): 6; (19 January): 13; (28 February 1995): 8.
65. On the polemic over the legitimacy of the agreement with Israel, see al-Watan (Gaza, 11 January): 6; (19 January): 13; (28 February 1995): 8.
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69. Said M. al-Suwairky, "Al-Haraka al-Islamiyya wa-Tahaddiyat al-Mustaqbal," [The Islamic movement and the future challenges], Al-Watan (30 March 1995); Mahmud al-Zahar, Al-Quds (10 October 1994); Ahmed Bahr and Musa Abu Marzuk, Al-Quds (20 April 1994); The New York Times (19 August 1996): 26; Yedioth Aharonoth (16 September 1988).
70. Said M. al-Suwairky, "Al-Haraka al-Islamiyya wa-Tahaddiyat al-Mustaqbal," [The Islamic movement and the future challenges], Al-Watan (30 March 1995); Mahmud al-Zahar, Al-Quds (10 October 1994); Ahmed Bahr and Musa Abu Marzuk, Al-Quds (20 April 1994); The New York Times (19 August 1996): 26; Yedioth Aharonoth (16 September 1988).
71. al-Dustur, Amman (29 September 2001).
72. Hamas (internal circular), Siyasat wa-Madamin al-Khitab al-I'lami lil-Marhala al-Qadima Ithra Ittifaq Ghazza-Ariha [politics and contents of the propaganda speech in the next stage, following the Gaza-Jericho agreement], (28 October 1993).
73. al-Quds (2 October 1994).
74. Ian Fisher, "Hamas Leader, Under Attack From 2 Sides, Remains Defiant," The New York Times (25 June 2002).
75. I b i d.
76. Knoke, Political Networks, 490.
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