China's Views of Europe: A maturing partnership

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 311-330

  Peruzzi, Roberto ^a   Poletti, Arlo ^b   Zhang, Shuangquan ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^c FUDAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85044982553     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2007028     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. M. Yahuda, 'China and Europe: The Significance of a Secondary Relationship' in T. Robinson an dlg D. Shambaugh (eds), Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice (Oxford University Press, New York, 1994).
2. D. Shambaugh, 'China and Europe: The Emerging Axis' (September 2004) Current History, pp. 243-248.
3. K. Moller, 'Diplomatic Relations and Mutual Strategic Perceptions: China and the European Union' (2002) The China Quarterly, pp. 10-32.
4. D. Shambaugh, 'The New Strategic Triangle: US and European Reactions to China's Rise' (2005) 28/3 The Washington Quarterly, pp. 7-25.
5. D. Shambaugh, 'China and Europe: The Emerging Axis' (2004), p. 245
6. Men Jing, 'Chinese perceptions of the European Union: A Review of Leading Chinese Journals' (2006) 12/6 European Law Journal, pp. 788-806.
7. S. Crossick, F. Cameron and A. Berkofsky, 'EU-China Relations: Towards a Strategic Partnership', Working Paper, European Policy Centre, July 2005, p. 16.
8. Communication from the Commission, 'A Long-term Policy for China-Europe Relations', COM(1995) 279 final - not published in the Official Journal.
9. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, 'EU-China: Closer Partners, Growing Responsibilities', COM(2006) 632 final - not published in the Official Journal.
10. Commission guidance document of 10 September entitled 'A Maturing Partnership: Shared Interests and Challenges in EU-China Relations' (update of Commission communications from 1998 and 2001 on EU-China relations), COM(2003) 533 final - not published in the Official Journal.
11. Communication from the Commission of 25 March 1998, 'Building a Comprehensive Partnership with China', COM (1998) 181 final - not published in the Official Journal.
12. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament of 15 May 2001, 'EU Strategy towards China: Implementation of the 1998 Communication and Future Steps for a More Effective EU Policy', COM(2001) 265 final - not published in the Official Journal.
13. We have to give a special thanks to Professor Shambaugh for his kind and helpful suggestion. D. Shambaugh, 'China Eyes Europe's Role in the World: Real Convergence or Cognitive Dissonance?' in D. Shambaugh, E. Sandschneider and Zhou Hong (eds), China-Europe Relations: Perceptions, Policies and Prospects (Routledge, London, 2007).
14. The World Values Survey is organized as a network of social scientists coordinated by a central body, the World Values Survey Association; see .
15. In particular, these are the main sources accessed: the ministry of foreign affairs,
16. and the ministry of foreign trade and economic cooperation,
17. Chinese embassies and diplomatic missions abroad also proved very useful as a source of information on speeches and official documents. In particular: the mission of the PRC to the European Communities,
18. the permanent mission to the UN and other international organizations,
19. the Chinese embassy in the UK,
20. and the Chinese embassy in the USA, .
21. See .
22. K. Moller, 'Diplomatic Relations and Mutual Strategic Perceptions: China and the European Union' (2002) The China Quarterly, pp. 10-32.
23. H.D. De la Batie, 'L'Union européenne vue de Chine: un partenaire majeur?', Policy Paper, No. 5, Centre ASIE IFRI.
24. Zhu Liqun, 'Chinese Perceptions of the EU and the Sino-European Relationship' in Shambaugh et al., note 13 above.
25. Shambaugh borrows this concept from the classic work by Leo Festinger, The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford University Press, 1957), where cognitive dissonance is defined as the natural proclivity to selectively look for confirmation of one's pre-existing beliefs and to reject evidence that contradicts these beliefs.
26. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, speech by Premier Zhu Rongji of the State Council of the People's Republic of China at the closing ceremony of the Third ASEM Foreign Ministers' Meeting, Xinhuanet, Beijing, 25 May 2001.
27. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'President Jiang Zemin meets Chirac and Prodi', Xinhuanet, 15 November 2000.
28. Tang Jiaxuan, 'The Prosperous and Promising Cooperation between Asia and Europe', People's Daily, 24 May 2001.
29. Wen Jiabao, 'Deepening China-EU Relations and Strengthening All-round Cooperation', speech at the China-EU Business Summit, The Hague, 9 December 2004.
30. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Strengthening Partnership through Increased Dialogue and Cooperation', speech by Wen Jiabao at the Fifth ASEM Meeting, Xinhuanet, 9 October 2004.
31. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'China Marks 30th Anniversary of Sino-EU Diplomatic Ties', Xinhuanet, 13 May 2005.
32. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, China's EU Policy Paper, October 2003.
33. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Jiang Zemin's speech at the Third ASEM Foreign Ministers' Meeting, Xinhuanet, 25 May 2001.
34. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, statement by Wang Guangya, vice minister of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China and head of the Chinese Delegation at the Fourth ASEM Foreign Ministers' Meeting, Xinhuanet, Madrid, 7 June 2002.
35. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, China's EU Policy Paper, October 2003.
36. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Asia and Europe Work Together to Create a Better Future', speech by Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan at the Second ASEM Foreign Ministers' Meeting, Xinhuanet, Berlin, 29 March 1999.
37. Foreign ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue's remarks on the EU Constitution Treaty, Xinhuanet, 3 November 2004.
38. As expressed by the former Chinese ambassador to Germany, Mei Zhaorong, 'the path taken and experience gained by the EU to date have great significance of reference for different regions in the world to realize coexistence and prosperity by conducting regional cooperation⋯ with a view to acquiring through unity benefits that which could not be achieved by individual nations', cited in Mei Zhaorong, 'A New Phase in China-EU Relations Development of an All-round Strategic Partnership' (2004) 71 Foreign Affairs Journal, pp. 27-37.
39. Song Xinning, 'China's View of European Integration and Enlargement' in Shambaugh et al., note 13 above.
40. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, spokesperson on the resolution on China's human rights situation adopted by the EP, Xinhuanet, 15 November 2000.
41. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, China's EU Policy Paper, October 2003.
42. See D. Shambaugh, 'China Eyes Europe in the World: Real Convergence or Cognitive Dissonance?' in Shambaugh et al., note 13 above.
43. Zhang Zuqian, 'China's Commercial Relations with Europe' in Shambaugh et al., note 13 above.
44. W. Klenner, 'Economic Relations between the EU and China: Evolution of an Exclusive Partnership?' (2005) 3/2 China: An International Journal, pp. 331-346.
45. See European Commission, DG Trade, Bilateral relations: China, available at .
46. A. Poletti, R. Peruzzi and Zhang Shuangquan, 'Country Report on China' in S. Lucarelli (ed.), The External Image of the European Union: A Preliminary Survey on the Existing Sources', manuscript developed in the framework of the Network of Excellence Global Governance, Regionalisation and Regulation: the Role of the EU - Garnet, November 2006.
47. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Forging Ahead into the Future and Furthering the Development of the China-EU All-round Strategic Partnership', Xinhuanet, 1 May 2005.
48. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, speech of Mr. Zhang Yesui, vice minister of the ministry of foreign affairs at the opening ceremony of the Sino-EU Policy Paper Seminar, Xinhuanet, 9 December 2004.
49. N. Casarini, 'The Evolution of the EU-China Relationship: From Constructive Engagement to Strategic Partnership', Occasional Paper, No. 64, The European Union Institute for Security Studies, Paris, October 2006, p. 29.
50. Wen Jiabao (the Chinese premier), 'Arms Sales Embargo against China is a Legacy of the Cold War', Xinhuanet, 8 December 2004.
51. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'President of the European Commission meets with Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing', Xinhuanet, 18 March 2005.
52. Ministry of Commerce, 'Bo Xilai meets with EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson who visited Dalian to participate in an informal WTO ministerial meeting', Network Center of the Ministry of Commerce, 15 July 2005.
53. Peter Mandelson, 'Europe's Response to Globalization: Where does EU Trade Policy go from Here?', Globalization Seminar, Wolfsberg, Switzerland, 4 May 2006 (SPEECH/06/274).