Why democracies need a functional definition of journalism now more than ever

Journalism Studies

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 555-565

  Shapiro, Ivor ^a  

^a RYERSON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Accuracy; Definition; Independence; Journalism; Originality; Professional identity

Indexed keywords

EID: 85044077551     PISSN: 1461670X     EISSN: 14699699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.882483     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Adam, G. Stuart. 1993. Notes towards a Definition of Journalism: Understanding an Old Craft as an Art Form. St. Petersburg, FL: Poynter Institute for Media Studies.
2. Allison, Marianne. 1986. “A Literature Review of Approaches to the Professionalism of Journalists.” Journal of Mass Media Ethics 1 (2): 5-19. doi:10.1080/08900528609358262.
3. Barnhurst, Kevin G., and John Nerone. 2009. “Journalism History.” In The Handbook of Journalism Studies, edited by Karin Wahl-Jorgensen and Thomas Hanitzsch, 17-28. New York: Routledge.
4. Berkowitz, Dan, and Robert E. Gutsche Jr. 2012. “Drawing Lines in the Journalistic Sand: Jon Stewart, Edward R. Murrow, and Memory of News Gone By.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 89 (4): 643-656. doi:10.1177/1077699012456020.
5. Black, Jay. 2010. “Who is a Journalist?” In Journalism Ethics: A Philosophical Approach, edited by Christopher Meyers, 103-114. New York: Oxford University Press.
6. Brethour, Patrick, Tim Currie, Meredith Levine, Connie Monk, and Ivor Shapiro. 2012. “What is Journalism? A Report of the Ethics Advisory Committee of the Canadian Association of Journalists.” Canadian Association of Journalists, June 5. http://j-source.ca/article/whatjournalism.
7. Brin, Colette, Jean Charron and Jean de Bonville. 2004. Nature et transformation de journalisme: Théorie et recherches empiriques. Saint-Nicolas, QC: Les presses de l’université Laval.
8. Calcutt, Andrew, and Philip Hammond. 2011. Journalism Studies: A Critical Introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
9. Conboy, Martin. 2013. Journalism Studies. New York, NY: Routledge.
10. Deuze, Mark. 2005. “What is Journalism? Professional Identity and Ideology of Journalists Reconsidered.” Journalism 6 (4): 442-464. doi:10.1177/1464884905056815.
11. Free Flow of Information Act of 2013 (S.987). United States Senate.
12. Gant, Scott. 2007. We’re all Journalists Now. New York: Free Press.
13. Gardner, Howard, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and William Damon. 2001. Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meet. New York: Basic Books.
14. Grant v. Torstar Corp. 2009. SCC 61. Judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada. http://scc.lexum.org/decisia-scc-csc/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/7837/index.do?r=AAAAAQAFZ3JhbnQAAAAAAAAB
15. Greenwood, E. 1957. “Attributes of a Profession.” Social Work 2: 45-55.
16. Hanitzsch, Thomas. 2011. “Populist Disseminators, Detached Watchdogs, Critical Change Agents and Opportunist Facilitators: Professional Milieus, the Journalistic Field and Autonomy in 18 Countries.” International Communication Gazette 73 (6): 477-494. doi:10.1177/174804 8511412279.
17. Hargreaves, Ian. 1999. “The Ethical Boundaries of Reporting.” In Reporters & the Reported: The 1999 Vauxhall Lectures on Contemporary Issues in British Journalism, edited by Mike Ungersma: 1-15. Cardiff: Centre for Journalism Studies.
18. Hartley, John. 2000. “Communicative Democracy in a Redactional Society: The Future of Journalism Studies.” Journalism 1 (1): 39-48. doi:10.1177/146488490000100107.
19. Hindman, Elizabeth Blanks. 2005. “Jayson Blair, the New York Times, and Paradigm Repair.” Journal of Communication 55 (2): 225-241.
20. Ingram, Mathew. 2011. “Defining Journalism Is a Lot Easier Said than Done.” http://gigaom.com/2011/12/15/defining-journalism-is-a-lot-easier-said-than-done/
21. Jobb, Dean. 2010. “Responsible Communication on Matters of Public Interest: A New Defense Updates Canada’s Defamation Laws.” Journal of International Media & Entertainment Law 3 (2): 195.
22. Johnstone, John Wallace Claire, Edward J. Slawski and William W. Bowman. 1976. News People: A Sociological Portrait of American Journalists and their Work. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
23. Kent, Thomas. 2013. “Who’s a Journalist? Closing in on a Definition.” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thomas-kent/whos-a-journalist-closing_b_4033856.html.
24. Kinsey, Marie. 2005. “Journalism.” In Key Concepts in Journalism Studies, edited by Bob Franklin, Martin Hamer, Mark Hanna, Marie Kinsey, and John E. Richardson, 124-125. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
25. Kovach, Bill, and Tom Rosenstiel. 2007. The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. 1st rev. ed. New York: Three Rivers Press.
26. McLeod, J. and S. Hawley. 1964. “Professionalization among Newsmen.” Journalism Quarterly 41: 529-539. doi:10.1177/107769906404100406.
27. McNair, Brian. 1998. The Sociology of Journalism. New York: Arnold/Oxford University Press.
28. Mellado, Claudio. 2012. “Major Trends of Journalist Studies in Latin America.” In The Global Journalist in the 21st Century, edited by David H. Weaver and Lars Willnat, 413-426. New York: Routledge.
29. Neron v. Chambre des notaires du Quebec. 2004. SCC 53. Judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada. http://scc.lexum.org/decisia-scc-csc/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2168/index.do?r=AAAAAQAFbmVyb24AAAAAAAAB
30. Reynolds v. Times Newspapers Limited and Others. 1999. UKHL 45. (House of Lords).
31. Ritzer, G. 1977. Working: Conflict and Change. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
32. Rosen, Rebecca J. 2011. “Why We Should Stop Asking Whether Bloggers are Journalists.” http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/print/2011/12/why-we-should-stop-asking-whether-bloggers-are-journalists/249864/
33. Schudson, Michael. 2002. The Sociology of News. New York: Norton.
34. Shapiro, Ivor. 2010. “Evaluating Journalism: Towards an Assessment Framework for the Practice of Journalism.” Journalism Practice 4 (2): 143-162. doi:10.1080/17512780903306571.
35. Singer, Jane B. 2003. “Who are These Guys? The Online Challenge to the Notion of Journalistic Professionalism.” Journalism 4 (2): 139-163.
36. Splichal, Slavko, and Colin Sparks. 1994. Journalists for the 21stCentury. Tendencies of Professionalization among First-Year Students in 22 Countries. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
37. Stephens, Mitchell. 2011. “Journalism and News: Untangling Their Histories ∣ Beyond News.” http://journalism.nyu.edu/publishing/beyondnews/2011/03/13/journalism-and-news-untangling-their-histories/
38. Ugland, Erik, and Jennifer Henderson. 2007. “Who is a Journalist and Why Does It Matter? Disentangling the Legal and Ethical Arguments.” Journal of Mass Media Ethics 22 (4): 241-261. doi:10.1080/08900520701583511.
39. Wahl-Jorgensen, Karin, and Thomas Hanitzsch. 2009. The Handbook of Journalism Studies. New York: Routledge.
40. Weaver, David H., and Lars Willnat. 2012. The Global Journalist in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge.
41. Weaver, David H., and G. Cleveland Wilhoit. 1986. The American Journalist: A Portrait of U.S. News People and Their World. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
42. Weischenberg, Siegfried, Maja Malik, and Armin Scholl. 2012. “Journalists in Germany in the 21st Century.” In The Global Journalist in the 21st Century, edited by David H. Weaver and Lars Willnat, 205-219. New York: Routledge.
43. Working, Russell. 2013. “Coca-Cola Digital Chief: ‘Kill the Press Release’.” http://www.ragan.com/Main/Articles/47600.aspx
44. Zelizer, Barbie. 1993. “Journalists as Interpretive Communities.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 10 (September): 219-237. doi:10.1080/15295039309366865.
45. Zelizer, Barbie. 2004. Taking Journalism Seriously: News and the Academy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
46. Zelizer, Barbie, and Stuart Allan. 2010. Keywords in News & Journalism Studies. New York: Mc Graw Hill.