Conflict in Somalia: Impact on child undernutrition

BMJ Global Health

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2017, Pages

  Kinyoki, Damaris K ^a   Moloney, Grainne M ^b   Uthman, Olalekan A ^c   Kandala, Ngianga Bakwin ^d,e,f   Odundo, Elijah O ^g   Noor, Abdisalan M ^a,h   Berkley, James A ^h  

^a KEMRI WELLCOME TRUST RESEARCH PROGRAMME   (Kenya)

^b UNICEF   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^d NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF AGDER   (Norway)

^f UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^g FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS   (Kenya)

^h UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85042748739     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20597908     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000262     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Salama P, Spiegel P, Talley L, et al. Lessons learned from complex emergencies over past decade. Lancet 2004;364:1801–13.
2. Egal F. Nutrition in conflict situations. Br J Nutr 2006;96 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S17–S19.
3. UNU. Conflict as a cause of hunger. http://archiveunuedu/unupress/unupbooks/uu22we/uu22we0jhtm (accessed 17 May 2016).
4. UNFAO. Impact of Armed Conflict on the Nutritional situation of Children. http://wwwfaoorg/docrep/005/w2357e/W2357E02htm (accessed on 18 May 2016).
5. WHO. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1995;854:1–452.
6. O'Hare BA, Southall DP. First do no harm: the impact of recent armed conflict on maternal and child health in Sub-Saharan Africa. J R Soc Med 2007;100:564–70.
7. Guha-Sapir D, Panhuis WG. Conflict-related mortality: an analysis of 37 datasets. Disasters 2004;28:418–28.
8. Paul A, Doocy S, Tappis H, et al. Preventing malnutrition in post-conflict, food insecure settings: a case study from South Sudan. PLoS Curr 2014;6.
9. UN-FAO/FSNAU-Somalia. Guidelines for emergency Nutrition & Mortality surveys in Somalia, 2011.
10. Kinyoki DK, Kandala NB, Manda SO, et al. Assessing comorbidity and correlates of wasting and stunting among children in Somalia using cross-sectional household surveys: 2007 to 2010. BMJ Open 2016;6:e009854.
11. UNFAO-FSNAU. National Micronutrient Malnutrition Study Somalia 2009. 2009 https://wwwhumanitarianresponseinfo/system/files/0902_Somalia_National_ MicronutrientDeficiencyDisorderStudyProtocolpdf.
12. Bhutta ZA, Ahmed T, Black RE, et al. What works? interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival. The Lancet 2008;371:417–40.
13. Shukla A. Drought+ politics= famine in Somalia. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies 2014;6:1104–10.
14. Kinyoki DK, Berkley JA, Moloney GM, et al. Predictors of the risk of malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in Somalia. Public Health Nutr 2015;18:3125–33.
15. de Onis M, Blössner M. The World Health Organization Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition: methodology and applications. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:518–26.
16. ACLED. Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) Codebook. 2016 http://wwwacleddatacom/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ACLED_Codebook_2016pdf (Accessed 18 May 2016).
17. ACLED. Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) User Guide. 2016 http://wwwacleddatacom/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ACLED_User-Guide_2016pdf.
18. Grace K, Davenport F, Funk C, et al. Child malnutrition and climate in Sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of recent trends in Kenya. Appl Geogr 2012;35(1-2):405–13.
19. Noor AM, Kinyoki DK, Mundia CW, et al. The changing risk of plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in Africa: 2000-10: a spatial and temporal analysis of transmission intensity. Lancet 2014;383:1739–47.
20. WorldClim. http://www.worldclim.org/download.htm (accessed 17 May 2016).
21. Scharlemann JP, Benz D, Hay SI, et al. Global data for ecology and epidemiology: a novel algorithm for temporal fourier processing MODIS data. PLoS One 2008;3:e1408.
22. Balk DPF, Yetman G, Deichmann U, et al. The distribution of people and the dimension of place: methodologies to improve the global estimation of urban extents. In International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Proceedings of the Urban Remote Sensing Conference 2005:14–16.
23. Rue H, Martino S, Chopin N. Approximate bayesian inference for latent gaussian models by using integrated nested Laplace approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 2009;71:319–92.
24. Rückinger S, von Kries R, Toschke AM. An illustration of and programs estimating attributable fractions in large scale surveys considering multiple risk factors. BMC Med Res Methodol 2009;9:7.
25. Eide GE, Gefeller O. Sequential and average attributable fractions as aids in the selection of preventive strategies. J Clin Epidemiol 1995;48:645–55.
26. Greenland S, Drescher K. Maximum likelihood estimation of the attributable fraction from logistic models. Biometrics 1993;49:865–72.
27. Gelman A, Hwang J, Vehtari A. Understanding predictive information criteria for bayesian models. Stat Comput 2014;24:997–1016.
28. Deng LB. The Sudan famine of 1998. IDS Bull 2002;33:28–38.
29. Group GE. Public health impact of Rwandan refugee crisis: what happened in Goma, Zaire, in July, 1994? Goma Epidemiology Group. Lancet 1995;345:339–44.
30. Hammond L, Maxwell D. The Ethiopian crisis of 1999-2000: lessons learned, questions unanswered. Disasters 2002;26:262–79.
31. Guha-Sapir D, Ratnayake R. Consequences of ongoing civil conflict in Somalia: evidence for public health responses. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000108.
32. Ferris E, Petz D. The year that shock the rich: a review of natural disaster in 2011 - Chapter 3 - Somalia: drought + conflict = famine? 2012 http://wwwbrookingsedu/~/media/research/files/reports/2012/3/natural-disaster-review-ferris/03_natural_disaster_ review_ferrispdf.
33. ICF. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016: key Indicators Report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. CSA and ICF 2016 https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR81/PR81.pdf.
34. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Health/Kenya, National AIDS Control Council/Kenya, et al. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Rockville, MD, USA, 2015.
35. Isanaka S, Nombela N, Djibo A, et al. Effect of preventive supplementation with ready-to-use therapeutic food on the nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity of children aged 6 to 60 months in Niger: a cluster randomized trial. JAMA 2009;301:277–85.
36. Kerac M, Blencowe H, Grijalva-Eternod C, et al. Prevalence of wasting among under 6-month-old infants in developing countries and implications of new case definitions using WHO growth standards: a secondary data analysis. Arch Dis Child 2011;96:1008–13.