The conservation of parchment

Conservation of Leather and Related Materials

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 200-224

  Woods, Christopher S ^a  

^a United Kingdom Institute for Conservation   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85042591453     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780080454665-27     Document Type: Chapter

References (99)

1. Adamo, M., Brizzi, M., Magaudda, G. et al. (2001) Gamma Radiation Treatment of Paper in Different Environmental Conditions: Chemical, Physical and Microbiological Analysis. Restaurator,22(2), 107-131.
2. BS5454:2000 (2000) Recommendations for the Storage and Exhibition of Archival Documents. London: BSI.
3. BS4971:1973 (1973) Recommendations for the Repair and Allied Processes for the Conservation of Documents. Part 1: Treatment of Sheets, Membranes and Seals. London: BSI.
4. BS4971:2002 (2002) Repair and Allied Processes for the Conservation of Documents-Recommendations, 13.5 Consolidation. London: BSI.
5. Belaya, I. (1969) Softening and Restoration of Parchment in Manuscripts and Bookbinding and Instructions for the Softening of Parchment Manuscripts and Bookbindings. Restaurator,1(1), 20-48, 49-51.
6. Bëothy-Kozocsa, L., Sip os-Richter, T. and Szlabey, G. (1990) Parchment Codex Restoration Using Parchment and Cellulose Fibre Pulp. Restaurator,11(2), 95-109.
7. Berardi, M. (1992) Why Does Leather Deform? Some Observations and Considerations. Leather Conservation News,8(1), 12-17.
8. Bloom, J.M. (1989) The Blue Koran. In Les Manuscrits du Moyen-Orient: essais de codicologie et de paléographie(Deroche, F., ed.). pp. 95-99. Istanbul and Paris.
9. Botti, L., Impagliazzo, G., Montovani, O. et al. (1996) Investigation of Some Polymers for the Protection of Paint Films. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Conservation and Restoration of Archive and Library Materials. pp. 563-581 Rome: Instituto Centrale per la Patalogia del Libro.
10. Boyd-Alkalay, E. and Libman, E. (1997) Conservation of the Dead Sea Scrolls at the Laboratory of the Israel Antiquities Authority. pp. 211 -213. London: IPC Conference Papers.
11. Buchanan, A. (1993) IPC Humidification Meeting. Paper Conservation News,66, 11-12.
12. Bykova, G.Z. (1993) Medieval Painting on Parchment: Technique, Preservation and Restoration. Restaurator, 14(3), 188-190.
13. Cains, A. (1983) Repair Treatment for Vellum Manuscripts. The Paper Conservator,7, 17-22.
14. Calabro, G., Tanasi, M.T. and Impagliazzo, G. (1986) An Evaluation Method of Softening Agents for Parchment. Restaurator,7(4), 169-180.
15. Carrio, V and Stevenson, S. (2003) Assessment of Materials used for Anoxic Microenvironments. In Conservation and Science 2002. Proceedings of the conference held Edinburgh 2002, pp. 32-38. London: Archetype.
16. Chahine, C., Rottier, C. and Ruoy, D. (1991) Effects of Adhesives on the Mechanical Properties of Parchment. Sauvegarde et Conservation des Photographies, Dessins, Imprimés et Manuscrits, pp. 139-146. Paris.
17. Chaudray, M., et al. (1991) In Pergament: Geschiste, Struktur, Restaurung, Herstellung (Rück, P., ed.). pp. 315-322. Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke Verlag.
18. Clarkson, C. (1982) Limp Vellum Binding-and its Potential as a Conservation Type Structure for the Rebinding of Early Printed Books. Hitchin: The Red Gull Press.
19. Clarkson, C. (1992) Rediscovering Parchment: The Nature of the Beast. The Paper Conservator,16, 5-26.
20. Clarkson, C. (1987) Preservation and Display of Single Parchment Leaves and Fragments. In Conservation of Library and Archive Materials and the Graphic Arts(G. Petheridge, ed.). pp. 201-209. London: IPC.
21. Cockerell, S. (1958) The Repairing of Books. London: Sheppard Press, pp. 74, 75, 230.
22. Cockerell, S. (1970) A Note on the Conservation of Some Parchment Documents Damaged by Fire. Business Archives,33, 18-19.
23. Cooper, M., Spoertun, S., Stewart, A. et al. (2000) Laser Cleaning of an 18th Century Parchment Document. The Conservator,24, 71-79.
24. Craft, A. (2003) The Conservation of Limp Vellum Books at the National Archives. ARC, 172, 11-13.
25. Craig, R. (1986) Alternative approaches to the Treatment of Mould Biodeterioration-An International Problem. The Paper Conservator,10, 27-30.
26. Dignard, C. (1992) Tear Repairs of Skins with Minimal Access to their Backs: The Treatment of a Kayak. Leather Conservation News,7(2), 1-8.
27. Diringer, D. (1982) The Book Before Printing. New York: Dover, pp. 170-171.
28. Dobrusina D and Visotkite V (1994) Chemical Treatment Effects on Parchment: Properties in the Course of Ageing. Restaurator,15(4), 208-219.
29. Ellement, P. (1987) A Note on the Structure of Vellum and the Effects of Various Solvents. In Conservation of Library and Archive Materials and the Graphic Arts(G. Plenderleith, ed.). pp. 199-200. London: IPC.
30. Fitzsimmons, E. (1986) Limp Vellum Bindings: Their Value as a Conservation Binding. Restaurator, 7(3), 125-142.
31. Fleming, L.E. (1983) Conservation of Oriental Miniatures. Eastern Pictorial Art Conservation News,2, 12.
32. Flieder, F. (1982) L’analyse et la revelation chimiques des encres metallo-galliques. Restaurator,5(1-2), 57-63.
33. Fuchs, R. (2002) The History of Chemical Reinforcement of Texts in Maunuscripts-What Do We Do Now? Care and Conservation of Manuscripts, 7, 159-170.
34. Fuchs, R. and Mrusek, R. (2002) New Methods of Reflecto-graphy with Special Filters and Image Processing Techniques. Care and Conservation of Manuscripts,7, 212-213.
35. Gairola, T.R. (1958) Journal of Indian Museums,14-16, 43-45.
36. Giovannini, A. (1999) Die Restaurierung von Zwei mit Pergament Überzogenen Möbeln von Carlo Bugatti, pp. 61-65. IADA Preprints.
37. Grant, J. (1937) Books and Documents, Dating, Permanence and Preservation, p. 194. London: Grafton.
38. Guiffrida, B. (1983) Book Conservation Manual Part 4: The Repair of Parchment and Vellum in Manuscript Form. The New Bookbinder,3, 30-37.
39. Haines, B. (1987) Shrinkage Temperature in Collagen Fibres. Leather Conservation News,3(2), 1-5.
40. Haines, B. (1994) The Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Parchment, Casings, Goldbeater’s Skin and Gelatin. In Conservation for the Future (C. Woods, ed.). p. 26. Dorset: AIM Proceedings. Society of Archivists.
41. Haines, B. (1999) Parchment. Northampton: Leather Conservation Centre.
42. Haran, M. (1991) Technological Heritage in the Preparation of Skins for Biblical Text in Medieval Oriental Jewry. In Pergament: Geschiste, Struktur, Restaurung, Herstellung (P. Rück, ed.). pp. 35-43. Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke Verlag.
43. Harrison, L. (1981) Physical Chemistry of Biological Morphogenesis. Chemical Society Review,10(4), 491.
44. Haslam, J. (1910) The Book of Trade Secrets. Recipes and Instructions for Renovating, Repairing, Improving and Preserving Old Books and Prints. London: Haslam and Co., pp. 10, 11.
45. Hassel, B. (1999) Conservation Treatment of Medieval Parchment Documents Damaged by Heat and Water, pp. 253-256. Preprints of the 9th IADA Congress.
46. Hassel, B. (2003) Heat Damaged Parchment. Papier Restaurierung,3(4), 31-38.
47. Hermans, J. (1992) Fans on Skin: Their Conservation and Storage. Postprints of the ICOM Committee for Conservation Leathercraft and Related Objects Group interim meeting, pp. 42-44.
48. Kahle, T.B. (1986) State of Preservation of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Nature,321, May 8 and citing
49. Plenderleith, H.J. (1955) Discoveries in the Judean Desert 1. Qumran Cave 1.
50. Kaminitz, M. and Levinson, J. (1988) The Conservation of Ethnographic Skin Objects at the American Museum of Natural History. Leather Conservation News,5(1), 1-7.
51. Kautek, W., Pentzien, S. and Krüger, J. et al. (1997) Laser Cleaning of Ancient Parchments. Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, pp. 69-78. Vienna.
52. Kite, M. (1992) Gut Membrane, Parchment and Gelatine Incorporated into Textile Objects. The Paper Conservator, 16, 98-105.
53. Kowalik, R. (1980) Decomposition of Parchment by Micro-organisms. Restaurator,4(3-4), 200-208.
54. Kremen, S. and Southwood, R. (1960) The Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on the Solvent Dehydration of Hides and Skins. Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association,55, 24-40.
55. Larsen, R. (2002) Improved Damage Assessment of Parchment. Care and Conservation of Manuscripts,7, 29 and plates III and IV.
56. Lee, L. (1992) The Conservation of Pleated Illuminated Vellum Leaves in the Ashmole Bestiary. The Paper Conservator,16, 12.
57. Lindsay, H. (2003) Preservation Microfilming and Digitisation at the London Metropolitan Archives. The Paper Conservator,27, 47-57.
58. Lokandum, B. and Chaudray, M. (1991) Parchment in India-Some Observations. In Pergament: Geschiste, Struktur, Restaurung, Herstellung (P. Rück, ed.). pp. 315-322. Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke Verlag.
59. Loveday, H. (2001) Islamic Paper-A Study of the Ancient Craft. Don Baker Memorial Fund, pp. 12-23.
60. Mairinger, F. (1981-82). Physikalische Methoden zur Sichtbarmachung verblasster oder getilgter Tinten (Physical Methods of Making Faded or Obliterated Inks Visible). Restaurator,5(2), 45-56.
61. Marconi, B. (1962) Use of Wax for Fixing Flaking Paint. Studies in Conservation,7(1), 17-21.
62. Matthews, C.G. (1924) Notes from the Reports of the Public Analysts, pp. 516-517.
63. Mayer, M. (2002) Ultrasonic Bonding. Papier Restaurierung, 3(4), 19-22.
64. Munn, J. (1989) Treatment Techniques for the Vellum Covered Furniture of Carlo Bugatti. The Book and Paper Group Annual,8, 27-38.
65. Myers, M. (1980) Storage of Leather Objects. In Conservation and Restoration of Leather, Skin and Parchment. Copenhagen.
66. Norman, D. (1993) Mounting Single Leaf Parchment and Vellum Objects. V & A Conservation Journal,9, 10-13.
67. Parker, A.E. (1993) Freeze Drying Vellum Archival Materials. Journal of the Society of Archivists,14(2), 175-188.
68. Petrus Maria Caneparuis (1619) De atramentis cuiuscunque generic, p. 179. Venice. (Ad intraurandas literas ex antiquitate fere abolitas-How to Freshen up Letters from Antiquity that are Almost Erased.)
69. Pickwoad, N. (1992) Alternative Methods for Mounting Parchment for Framing and Exhibition. The Paper Conservator, 16, 78 -85.
70. Powell, R. (1974) Case History of Repair and Rebinding of an 8th Century Vellum Manuscript. In New Directions in Bookbinding (P. Smith, ed.), 22, 181.
71. Quandt, A. (1991) The Documentation and Treatment of a Late 13th Century Copy of Isidore of Seville’s Etymologies. The Book and Paper Group Annual,10, 164-195.
72. Quandt, A. (1996) Recent Developments in the Conservation of Parchment Manuscripts. The Book and Paper Group Annual, 15, 1-12.
73. Reed, R. (1972) Ancient Skins, Parchments and Leathers. London: Seminar Press.
74. Reed, R. (1991) Some Thoughts on Parchment for Bookbinding. In Pergament: Geschiste, Struktur, Restaurung, Herstellung (P. Rück, ed.). pp. 217-220. Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke Verlag.
75. Ryder, M. (1991) The Biology and History of Parchment. In Pergament: Geschiste, Struktur, Restaurung, Herstellung(P. Rück, ed.). pp. 25-33. Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke Verlag.
76. Scholia, A. (2003) Early Western Limp Bindings: Report on a Study. Care and Conservation of Manuscripts,7. Museum Tusculanum Press, pp. 132-158.
77. Sievers, J. (1985) Fehlstellenergänzung bei Pergament durch Anfasern. Maltechnik-Restauro,19, 63-66.
78. Sinco, P. (2000) The Use of Gamma Rays in Book Conservation. Nuclear News, 38-40.
79. Singer, H. (1992) The Conservation of Parchment Objects using Gore-Tex Laminates. The Paper Conservator, 16, 40-45.
80. Smith, L.H. (1938a) Manuscript Repair in European Archives II: The Continent; France, Belgium and the Netherlands. The American Archivist,1(2), 51-57, 64-67.
81. Smith, L.H. (1938b) Manuscript in European Archives I: Great Britain. The American Archivist,1(1), 6-19.
82. Smith, L.H. (1938c) Manuscript Repair in European Archives II: The Continent: Italy. The American Archivist, 1(2), 70-75.
83. Soest, H. van (1989) Researching the Conservation and Restoration of Parchment. ICOM Arbeitsgruppe Leather-craft and Related Objects, International Leather and Parchment Symposium, pp. 94-103.
84. Stancievicz, J. (1996) The Conservation of a Hebrew Manuscript Number 802238, an Evaluation of the Method. Restaurator,17(2), 66-67.
85. Stiber, L. (1997) Thomas Jefferson’s Rough Draft of the Declaration of Independence: The Evolving Condition of an American Icon and Implications for Future Preservation. In The Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of the Institute of Paper Conservation (J. Eagan, ed.). pp. 53 -63. London: IPC.
86. Szcepanowska, H. (1992) The Conservation of 14th Century Parchment Documents with Pendant Seals. The Paper Conservator, 16, 86 -92.
87. Tanasi, M.T., Vallone, L., Impaglazzo, G. et al. (1985) A propositio di un intervento strordinario di restauro: recupero di un documento in pergamenta dell’archivo do stato di Torino. (An Exceptional Restoration: Recovery of a Parchment Manuscript from the Torino State Archives.) La Conservazione delle Carte Antiche, 5(9-10), 37-45.
88. Veis, A. and Cohen, J. (1960) Reversible Transformation of Gelatin in the Collagen Structure. Nature,186, 720-721.
89. Viñas, V. (1987) The Use of Polyethylene Glycol in the Restoration of Parchment. In Conservation of Library and Archive Materials and the Graphic Arts (G. Plenderleith, ed.), pp. 195-197. London: IPC.
90. Voronina, L., Nazarova, O. and Petushkova, Y. (1980) Disinfection and Straightening of Parchment Damaged by Micro-organisms. Restaurator,4(2), 91-98.
91. Vorst, B. (1986) Parchment Making-Ancient and Modern. Fine Print,12(4), 209-210.
92. Wächter, O. (1962) The Restoration of the Vienna Dioscorides. Studies in Conservation,7, 23-25.
93. Wächter, O. (1987a) The Malicious Metallic Inks. Maltechnik-Restauro,23(3), 19-23.
94. Wächter, O. (1987b) The Delamination of the Carolingian Evangelary from the Treasure of the Cathedral of Essen. Maltechnik-Restauro,23(2), 34-38.
95. Woods, C. (1995) Conservation Treatments for Parchment Documents. Journal of the Society of the Archivists, 16(2), 223, 228-229.
96. Woods, C. (2002) The Role of Modern Reprographics as a Tool for the Conservator. Care and Conservation of Manuscripts,7, 84-91.
97. Wouters, J., Gancedo, G., Peckstadt, A. et al. (1992) The Conservation of the Codex Eykensis: The Evolution of the Project and the Assessment of Materials and Adhesives for the Repair of Parchment. The Paper Conservator,16, 68.
98. Wouters, J., Peckstadt, A. and Watteeuw, L. (1995) Leafcasting with Dermal Tissue Preparations: A New Method for Repairing Fragile Parchment and its Application to the Codex Eyckensis. The Paper Conservator,19, 7.
99. Yusopova, M.V (1980) Conservation and Restoration of Manuscripts and Bindings on Parchment. Restaurator, 4(1), 58-61.