Sea-level change and demography during the last glacial termination and early Holocene across the Australian continent

Quaternary Science Reviews

Volumn 182, Issue , 2018, Pages 144-154

  Williams, Alan N ^a,b   Ulm, Sean ^c   Sapienza, Tom ^b   Lewis, Stephen ^c   Turney, Chris S M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b Artefact Heritage Pty Ltd   (Australia)

^c JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Aboriginal Australian demography; Coastal shelf inundation; Meltwater Pulse 1a; MWP1a; Radiocarbon ages and modeling; Sahul; Sea level change

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEMS; FLOODS; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION STATISTICS; SEA LEVEL;

ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIAN DEMOGRAPHY; COASTAL SHELF INUNDATION; EARLY HOLOCENE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MELTWATER PULSE 1A; MWP1A; RADIOCARBON AGE; RADIOCARBON AGE AND MODELING; SAHUL; SEALEVEL CHANGE;

DEMOGRAPHY;

ARCHAEOLOGY; CONTINENTAL SHELF; DEMOGRAPHY; HOLOCENE; HUNTER-GATHERER; INDIGENOUS POPULATION; LAST GLACIAL; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MELTWATER; PALEOENVIRONMENT; POPULATION DENSITY; RADIOCARBON DATING; SEA LEVEL CHANGE;

AUSTRALIA; BASS STRAIT; NEW GUINEA;

EID: 85040312422     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.030     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Anderson, D.G., Bissett, T.G., The initial colonization of North America: sea level change, shoreline movement, and great migrations. Frachetti, M.D., Spengler, R.N. III, (eds.) Mobility and Ancient Society in Asia and the Americas, 2015, Springer International Publishing, Zurich, 59–88, 10.1007/978-3-319-15138-0_6.
2. Attenbrow, V., Hiscock, P., Dates and demography: are radiometric dates a robust proxy for long-term prehistoric demographic change?. Archaeol. Ocean. 50 (2015), 30–36 https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5052.
3. Balme, J., Davidson, I., McDonald, J., Stern, N., Veth, P., Symbolic behaviour and the peopling of the southern arc route to Australia. Quat. Int. 202 (2009), 59–68 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2008.10.002.
4. Beaton, J., Evidence for a coastal occupation time-lag at Princess Charlotte Bay (north Queensland) and implications for coastal colonisation and population growth theories for Aboriginal Australia. Archaeol. Ocean. 20:1 (1985), 1–20 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1985.tb00096.x.
5. Beaton, J., The transition on the coastal fringe of Greater Australia. Antiquity 69 (1995), 798–806.
6. Binford, L.R., Constructing Frames of Reference: an Analytical Method for Archaeological Theory Building using Hunter-Gatherer and Environmental Data Sets. 2001, University of California Press, Berkeley.
7. Bird, M.I., O'Grady, D., Ulm, S., Humans, water, and the colonization of Australia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113:41 (2016), 11477–11482 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608470113.
8. Blainey, G., Triumph of the Nomads: a History of Ancient Australia. 1975, Macmillan, Melbourne.
9. Bowdler, S., The coastal colonization of Australia. Allen, J., Golson, J., Jones, R., (eds.) Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia, 1977, Academic Press, London, 203–246.
10. Bowdler, S., Hunter Hill, Hunter Island. Terra Australis 8. 1984, The Australian National University, Canberra.
11. Bowdler, S., The empty coast: conditions for human occupation in southeast Australia during the late Pleistocene. Haberle, S., Stevenson, J., Prebble, M., (eds.) Altered Ecologies: Fire, Climate and Human Influence on Terrestrial Landscapes. Terra Australis 32, 2010, ANU E-Press, Canberra, 177–186.
12. Brooke, B.P., Nichol, S.L., Huang, Z., Beaman, R.J., Palaeoshorelines on the Australian continental shelf: morphology, sea-level relationship and applications to environmental management and archaeology. Cont. Shelf Res. 134 (2017), 26–38 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.12.012.
13. Brown, W.A., Through a filter, darkly: population size estimation, systematic error, and random error in radiocarbon-supported demographic temporal frequency analysis. J. Archaeol. Sci. 53 (2015), 133–147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.10.013.
14. Bryant, E., Last interglacial and Holocene trends in sea-level maxima around Australia: implications for modern rates. Mar. Geol. 108 (1992), 209–217 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-227(92)90173-F.
15. Callaghan, M., Some previously unconsidered environmental factors of relevance to the south coast prehistory. Aust. Archaeol. 11 (1980), 43–49.
16. Chappell, J., Geographic changes of coastal lowlands in the Papuan past. Pawley, A., Attenborough, R., Golson, J., Hide, R., (eds.) Papuan Pasts: Cultural, Linguistic and Biological Histories of Papuan-Speaking Peoples, 2005, The Australian National University, Canberra, 525–539.
17. Chappell, J., Polach, H., Post-glacial sea-level rise from a coral record at Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Nat 349 (1991), 147–149.
18. Chappell, J., Ota, Y., Berryman, K., Late Quaternary coseismic uplift history of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Quat. Sci. Rev. 15 (1996), 7–22.
19. Colley, S.M., Jones, R., New fish data from Rocky Cape, north west Tasmania. Archaeol. Ocean. 22 (1987), 67–71.
20. Crema, E.R., Habu, J., Kobayashi, K., Madella, M., Summed probability distribution of 14C dates suggests regional divergences in the population dynamics of the Jomon period in eastern Japan. PLoS One., 11, 2016, e0154809 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154809.
21. d'Alpoim Guedes, J., Austermann, J., Mitrovica, J.X., Lost foraging opportunities for east Asian hunter-gatherers due to rising sea level since the Last Glacial Maximum. Geoarchaeology 31 (2016), 255–266 https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21542.
22. Dortch, C., Prehistory down under: archaeological investigations of submerged Aboriginal sites at Lake Jasper, Western Australia. Antiquity 70 (1996), 116–123.
23. Downey, S.S., Bocaege, E., Kerig, T., Edinborough, K., Shennan, S., The Neolithic demographic transition in Europe: correlation with juvenility index supports interpretation of the summed calibrated radiocarbon date probability distribution (SCDPD) as a valid demographic proxy. PLoS One., 9, 2014, e105730 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105730.
24. Draper, N., Context for the Kartan: a preliminary report on excavations at Cape du Couedic rockshelter, Kangaroo Island. Archaeol. Ocean. 22 (1987), 1–8.
25. Duke, N.C., Kovacs, J.M., Griffiths, A.D., Preece, L., Hill, D.J.E., van Oosterzee, P., Mackenzie, J., Morning, H.S., Burrows, D., Large-scale dieback of mangroves in Australia's Gulf of Carpentaria: a severe ecosystem response, coincidental with an unusually extreme weather event. Mar. Freshw. Res. 68:10 (2017), 1816–1829 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF16322.
26. Dunbar, G.B., Dickens, G.R., Massive siliciclastic discharge to slopes of the Great Barrier Reef Platform during sea-level transgression: constraints from sediment cores between 15°S and 16°S latitude and possible explanations. Sediment. Geol. 162 (2003), 141–158.
27. 230Th ages of corals. Science 260 (1993), 962–968.
28. Ellison, J.C., Stoddart, D.R., Mangrove ecosystem collapse during predicted sea-level rise: Holocene analogues and implications. J. Coast. Res. 7:1 (1991), 151–165.
29. Fogwill, C.J., Turney, C.S.M., Golledge, N.R., Etheridge, D.M., Rubino, M., Thornton, D.P., Baker, A., Woodward, J., Winter, K., van Ommen, T.D., Moy, A.D., Curran, M.A.J., Davies, S.M., Weber, M.E., Bird, M.I., Munksgaard, N.C., Menviel, L., Rootes, C.M., Ellis, B., Millman, H., Vohra, J., Rivera, A., Cooper, A., Antarctic ice sheet discharge driven by atmosphere-ocean feedbacks at the Last Glacial Termination. Nat. Sci. Rep., 7, 2017, 39979, 10.1038/srep39979.
30. Gamble, C., Davies, W., Pettitt, P., Hazelwood, L., Richards, M., The archaeological and genetic foundations of the European population during the Late Glacial: implications for ‘agricultural thinking’. Camb. Archaeol. J. 15:2 (2005), 193–223, 10.1017/S0959774305000107.
31. Godfrey, M.C.S., Bird, C.F.M., Frankel, D., Rhoads, J.W., Simmons, S., From time to time: radiocarbon information on Victorian archaeological sites held by Aboriginal Affairs Victoria. Artefact 19 (1996), 3–51.
32. Gould, R.A., Puntutjarpa rockshelter and the Australian desert culture. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. 54 (1977), 1–187.
33. Griffiths, B., A world in a grain of sand: the Malakunanja II diaries. Griffith Rev. 41 (2013), 162–177.
34. Hamm, G., Mitchell, P., Arnold, L.J., Prideaux, G.J., Questiaux, D., Spooner, N.A., Levchenko, V.A., Foley, E.C., Worthy, T.H., Stephenson, B., Coulthard, V., Coulthard, C., Wilton, S., Johnston, D., Cultural innovation and megafauna interaction in the early settlement of arid Australia. Nat 539 (2016), 280–283, 10.1038/nature20125.
35. Hanebuth, T., Stattegger, K., Grootes, P.M., Rapid flooding of the Sunda Shelf: a late-glacial sea-level record. Science 288 (2000), 1033–1035.
36. Hanebuth, T.J.J., Stattegger, K., Bojanowski, A., Termination of the last glacial maximum sea-level lowstand: the Sunda shelf data revisited. Glob. Planet. Change 66 (2009), 76–84.
37. Hiscock, P., Archaeology of Ancient Australia. 2008, Routledge, London.
38. Hopley, D., Evidence of 15,000 years of sea level change in tropical Queensland. Hopley, D., (eds.) Australian Sea-levels in the Last 15000 Years: a Review. Occasional Paper 3, 1983, Department of Geography, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, 93–104.
39. Hughes, P.J., Sullivan, M.E., Hiscock, P., Palaeoclimate and human occupation in southeastern arid Australia. Quat. Sci. Rev. 163 (2017), 72–83.
40. Ishiwa, T., Yokoyama, Y., Miyairi, Y., Obrochta, S., Sasaki, T., Kitamura, A., Suzuki, A., Ikehara, M., Ikehara, K., Kimoto, K., Bourget, J., Matsuzaki, H., Reappraisal of sea-level lowstand during the last glacial maximum observed in the Bonaparte Gulf sediments, northwestern Australia. Quat. Int. 397 (2016), 373–379 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.032.
41. Jones, R., The geographical background to the arrival of man in Australia and Tasmania. Archaeol. Phys. Anthropol. Ocean 3:3 (1968), 186–215.
42. Kathiresan, K., Bingham, B.L., Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Adv. Mar. Biol. 40 (2001), 81–251.
43. Kelly, R.L., Surovell, T.A., Shuman, B.N., Smith, G.M., A continuous climatic impact on Holocene human population in the Rocky Mountains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 (2013), 443–447, 10.1073/pnas.1201341110.
44. Lambeck, K., Chappell, J., Sea level change through the last glacial cycle. Science 292 (2001), 679–686.
45. Lambeck, K., Yokoyama, Y., Purcell, T., Into and out of the last glacial maximum: sea-level chance during oxygen isotope stages 3 and 2. Quat. Sci. Rev. 21 (2002), 343–360.
46. Lampert, R.J., Hughes, P.J., Sea level change and Aboriginal coastal adaptations in southern New South Wales. Archaeol. Phys. Anthropol. Ocean. 9:3 (1974), 226–235.
47. Langley, M.C., Clarkson, C., Ulm, S., From small holes to grand narratives: the impact of taphonomy and sample size on the modernity debate in Australia and New Guinea. J. Hum. Evol. 61 (2011), 197–208, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.03.002.
48. Lewis, D., The Rock Paintings of Arnhem Land, Australia: Social, Ecological and Material Culture Change in the Post-Glacial Period. BAR International Series 415. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, 1988.
49. Lewis, S.E., Wüst, R.A.J., Webster, J.M., Shields, G.A., Mid-late Holocene sea level variability in eastern Australia. Terra nova. 20 (2008), 74–81.
50. Lewis, S.E., Sloss, C.R., Murray-Wallace, C.V., Woodroffe, C.D., Smithers, S.G., Post-glacial sea-level changes around the Australian margin: a review. Quat. Sci. Rev. 74 (2013), 115–138, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.006.
51. Lewis, S.E., Wüst, R.A.J., Webster, J.M., Collins, J., Wright, S.A., Jacobsen, G., Rapid relative sea-level fall along north-eastern Australia between 1200 and 800 cal. yr BP: an appraisal of the oyster evidence. Mar. Geol. 370 (2015), 20–30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.09.014.
52. Lourandos, H., Intensification: a late Pleistocene-Holocene archaeological sequence from southwestern Victoria. Archaeol. Ocean. 18 (1983), 81–94.
53. Lourandos, H., Continent of Hunter-Gatherers: New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory. 1997, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
54. Malaspinas, A.-S., Westaway, M., Muller, C., Sousa, V.C., Lao, O., Alves, I., et al. A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia. Nat 538 (2016), 207–214.
55. Marlowe, F.W., Hunter-gatherers and human evolution. Evol. Anthropol. 14:2 (2005), 54–67.
56. McConvell, P., The linguistic prehistory of Australia: opportunities for dialogue with archaeology. Aust. Archaeol. 31 (1990), 3–27.
57. McDonald, J., Berry, M., Murujuga, northwestern Australia: when arid hunter-gatherers became coastal foragers. J. Isl. Coast. Archaeol., 2016, 10.1080/15564894.2015.1125971.
58. Meehan, B., Shell Bed to Shell Midden. 1982, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.
59. Meggitt, M.J., Desert People: a Study of Walbiri Aborigines of Central Australia. 1962, Angus and Robertson, Sydney.
60. Morse, K., Mandu Mandu Creek rockshelter: Pleistocene human coastal occupation of North West Cape, Western Australia. Archaeol. Ocean. 23:3 (1988), 81–88.
61. Morse, K., Who can see the sea? Prehistoric Aboriginal occupation of the Cape Range Peninsula. Humphreys, W.F., (eds.) The Biogeography of Cape Range, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 45, 1993, Western Australian Museum, Perth, 227–242.
62. Mulvaney, J., Kamminga, J., Prehistory of Australia. 1999, Allen and Unwin, St Leonards, NSW.
63. Murray-Wallace, C.V., Woodroffe, C.D., Quaternary Sea-level Changes – a Global Perspective. 2014, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
64. Nunn, P., Sea levels, shorelines and settlements on Pacific reef islands. Archaeol. Ocean. 51:2 (2016), 91–98, 10.1002/arco.5082.
65. O'Connell, J.F., Allen, J., The process, biotic impact, and global implications of the human colonization of Sahul, about 47,000 years ago. J. Archaeol. Sci. 56 (2015), 73–84.
66. O'Connell, J.F., Hawkes, K., Food choice and foraging sites among the Alyawara. J. Anthropol. Res. 40:4 (1984), 504–535.
67. O'Connor, S., 30,000 Years of Aboriginal Occupation: Kimberley, North West Australia. Terra Australis 14, 1999, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra.
68. Ota, Y., Chappell, J., Holocene sea-level rise and coral reef growth on a tectonically rising coast, Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Quat. Int. 55 (1999), 51–59.
69. Pontzer, H., Raichlen, D.A., Wood, B.M., Mabulla, A.Z.P., Racette, S.B., Marlowe, F.W., Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity. PLoS One, 7(7), 2012, e40503 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040503.
70. Przywolnik, K., Patterns of Occupation in Cape Range Peninsula (WA) over the Last 36,000 Years. Unpublished PhD thesis, 2002, Centre for Archaeology, University of Western Australia, Perth.
71. Przywolnik, K., Long term transitions in hunter-gatherers of coastal northwestern Australia. Veth, P., Smith, M.A., Hiscock, P., (eds.) Desert Peoples: Archaeological Perspectives, 2005, Blackwell Publishing Pty Ltd, Melbourne, 177–205.
72. Reeves, J.M., Chivas, A.R., García, A., Holt, S., Couapel, M.J.J., Jones, B.G., Cendón, D.I., Fink, D., The sedimentary record of palaeoenvironments and sea-level change in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, through the last glacial cycle. Quat. Int. 183:1 (2008), 3–22.
73. Reeves, J.M., Barrows, T.T., Cohen, T.J., Kiem, A.S., Bostock, H.C., Fitzsimmons, K.E., Jansen, J.D., Kemp, J., Krause, C., Petherick, L., Phipps, S.J., Climate variability over the last 35,000 years recorded in marine and terrestrial archives in the Australian region: an OZ-INTIMATE compilation. Quat. Sci. Rev. 74 (2013), 21–34.
74. Richards, T., An early-Holocene Aboriginal coastal landscape at Cape Duquesne, southwest Victoria, Australia. Haberle, S.G., David, B., (eds.) Peopled Landscapes: Archaeological and Biogeographic Approaches to Landscapes. Terra Australis 34, 2012, ANU E Press, Canberra, 63–102.
75. Rick, J.W., Dates as data: an examination of the Peruvian Preceramic radiocarbon record. Am. Ant. 52:1 (1987), 55–73.
76. Shennan, S., Downey, S.S., Timpson, A., Edinborough, K., Colledge, S., Kerig, T., Manning, K., Thomas, M.G., Regional population collapse followed initial agricultural booms in mid-Holocene Europe. Nat. Commun., 2013(4), 2013, 2486, 10.1038/ncomms3486.
77. Sloss, C.R., Murray-Wallace, C.V., Jones, B.G., Holocene sea-level change on the southeast coast of Australia: a review. Holocene 17 (2007), 999–1014.
78. Sloss, C.R., Nothdurft, L., Hua, Q., O'Connor, S.G., Moss, P.T., Rosendahl, D., Petherick, L.M., Nanson, R.A., Mackenzie, L.L., Sternes, A., Jacobsen, G., Ulm, S., in review. Holocene sea-level change and coastal landscape evolution in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia: A review. Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
79. Smith, M.A., The Archaeology of Australia's Deserts. 2013, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
80. Smith, M.A., Williams, A.N., Turney, C.S.M., Cupper, M.L., Human-environment interactions of the Australian drylands: time-series analysis of archaeological records. Holocene 18:3 (2008), 397–409.
81. Surovell, T.A., Byrd Finley, J., Smith, G.M., Brantingham, P.J., Kelly, R., Correcting temporal frequency distributions for taphonomic bias. J. Archaeol. Sci. 36 (2009), 1715–1724.
82. Thom, B.G., Roy, P., Sea level change in New South Wales over the past 15000 years. Hopley, D., (eds.) Australian Sea Levels in the Last 15000 Years: a Review. Monograph Series Occasional Paper 3, 1983, James Cook University, Townsville, Geography Department, 64–84.
83. Thom, B.G., Roy, P., Relative sea levels and coastal sedimentation in southeast Australia in the Holocene. J. Sediment. Petrol 55 (1985), 257–264.
84. Timpson, A., Colledge, S., Crema, E., Edinborough, K., Kerig, T., Manning, K., Thomas, M.G., Shennan, S., Reconstructing regional population fluctuations in the European Neolithic using radiocarbon dates: a new case-study using an improved method. J. Archaeol. Sci. 52 (2014), 549–557, 10.1016/j.jas.2014.08.011.
85. Tobler, R., Rohrlach, A., Soubrier, J., Bover, P., Llamas, B., Tuke, J., Bean, N., Abdullah-Highfold, A., Agius, S., O'Donoghue, A., O'Loughlin, I., Sutton, P., Zilio, F., Walshe, K., Williams, A.N., Turney, C.S.M., Williams, M., Richards, S.M., Mitchell, R.J., Kowal, E., Stephen, J.R., Williams, L., Haak, W., Cooper, A., Aboriginal mitogenomes reveal 50,000 years of regionalism in Australia. Nat 544 (2017), 180–184, 10.1038/nature21416.
86. Tonkinson, R., The Mardudjara Aborigines: Living the Dream in Australia's Desert. 1978, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
87. Torfing, T., Neolithic population and summed probability distribution of 14C dates. J. Archaeol. Sci. 63 (2015), 193–198.
88. Turney, C.S.M., Hobbs, D., ENSO influence on Holocene Aboriginal populations in Queensland, Australia. J. Archaeol. Sci. 33 (2006), 1744–1748.
89. Turney, C.S.M., Kershaw, A.P., Lowe, J.J., van der Kaars, S., Johnston, R., Rule, S., Moss, P., Radke, L., Tibby, J., McGlone, M.S., Wilmshurst, J.M., Vandergoes, M.J., Fitzsimons, S.J., Bryant, C., James, S., Branch, N.P., Cowley, J., Kalin, R.M., Ogle, N., Jacobsen, G., Fifield, L.K., Climatic variability in the southwest Pacific during the last termination (20-10 ka BP). Quat. Sci. Rev. 25 (2006), 886–903.
90. Ulm, S., Coastal foragers on southern shores: marine resource use in northeast Australia since the late Pleistocene. Bicho, N.F., Haws, J.A., Davis, L.G., (eds.) Trekking the Shore: Changing Coastlines and the Antiquity of Coastal Settlement. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, 2011, Springer, New York, 441–461, 10.1007/978-1-4419-8219-3_19.
91. Ulm, S., Hall, J., Radiocarbon and cultural chronologies in southeast Queensland prehistory. Ulm, S., Lilley, I., Ross, A., (eds.) Australian Archaeology ’95: Proceedings of the 1995 Australian Archaeological Association Annual Conference. Tempus 6, 1996, Anthropology Museum, Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 45–62.
92. Veth, P.M., Islands in the Interior: the Dynamics of Prehistoric Adaptations within the Arid Zone of Australia, 1993, International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
93. Veth, P., Aridity and settlement in northwest Australia. Antiquity 69 (1995), 733–746.
94. Veth, P., Aplin, K., Wallis, L., Manne, T., Pulsford, T., White, E., Chappell, A., The Archaeology of Montebello Islands, North-West Australia: Late Quaternary Foragers on an Arid Coastline. 2007, Archaeopress, Oxford.
95. Veth, P., Ward, I., Manne, T., Ulm, S., Ditchfield, K., Dortch, J., Hook, F., Petchey, F., Hogg, A., Questiaux, D., Demuro, M., Arnold, L., Spooner, N., Levchenko, V., Skippington, J., Byrne, C., Basgall, M., Zeanah, D., Belton, D., Helmholz, P., Bajkan, S., Bailey, R., Placzek, C., Kendrick, P., Early human occupation of a maritime desert, Barrow Island, north-west Australia. Quat. Sci. Rev. 168 (2017), 19–29 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.05.002.
96. Ward, I., Larcombe, P., Mulvaney, K., Fandry, C., The potential for discovery of new submerged archaeological sites near the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Quat. Int. 308–309 (2013), 216–229 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.032.
97. Weninger, B., Clare, L., Jöris, O., Jung, R., Edinborough, K., Quantum theory of radiocarbon calibration. World Archaeol. 47 (2015), 543–566.
98. White, J.P., O'Connell, J.F., A Prehistory of Australia, New Guinea and Sahul. 1982, Academic Press, North Ryde, NSW.
99. Whiteway, T.G., Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid. Geosci. Aust. Rec., 2009/21, 2009 46pp https://doi.org/10.4225/25/53D99B6581B9A.
100. Williams, A.N., The use of summed radiocarbon probability distributions in archaeology: a review of methods. J. Archaeol. Sci. 39 (2012), 578–589, 10.1016/j.jas.2011.07.014.
101. Williams, A.N., A new population curve for prehistoric Australia. Proc. R. Soc. B, 280, 2013, 20130486, 10.1098/rspb.2013.0486.
102. Williams, A.N., Ulm, S., Cook, A.R., Langley, M.C., Collard, M., Human refugia in Australia during the last glacial maximum and terminal Pleistocene: a geospatial analysis of the 25-12ka Australian archaeological record. J. Archaeol. Sci. 40 (2013), 4612–4625, 10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.015.
103. Williams, A.N., Atkinson, F., Lau, M., Toms, P., A glacial cryptic refuge in southeast Australia: human occupation and mobility from 36,000 years ago in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales. J. Quat. Sci. 29:8 (2014), 735–748.
104. Williams, A.N., Ulm, S., Smith, M.A., Reid, J., AustArch: a database of 14C and non-14C ages from archaeological sites in Australia - composition, compilation and review. Internet Archaeol., 2014, 2014, 36, 10.11141/ia.36.6.
105. Williams, A.N., Ulm, S., Turney, C.S.M., Rodhe, D., White, G., The establishment of complex society in prehistoric Australia: demographic and mobility changes in the late Holocene. PloS One, 10(6), 2015, e0128661, 10.1371/journal.pone.0128661.
106. Williams, A.N., Veth, P.M., Steffen, W., Ulm, S., Turney, C.S.M., Reeves, J., Phipps, S., Smith, M., A continental narrative: human settlement patterns and Australian climate change over the last 35,000 years. Quat. Sci. Rev. 123 (2015), 91–112, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.018.
107. Woodroffe, C.D., Chappell, J.M.A., Thom, B.G., Wallensky, E., Geomorphological Dynamics and Evolution of the South Alligator Tidal River and Plains, Northern Territory. Mangrove Monograph 3. 1986, North Australian Research Unit, Australian National University, Darwin.
108. Woolfe, K.J., Larcombe, P., Naish, T., Purdon, R.G., Lowstand rivers need not incise the shelf: an example from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, with implications for sequence stratigraphic models. Geology 26 (1998), 75–78.
109. Yokoyama, Y., Lambeck, K., De Deckker, P., Johnson, P., Fifield, L.K., Timing of the last glacial maximum from observed sea-level minima. Nat 406 (2000), 713–716.
110. Yokoyama, Y., De Deckker, P., Lambeck, K., Johnson, P., Fifield, L.K., Sea-level at the last glacial maximum: evidence from northwestern Australia to constrain ice volumes for oxygen isotope stage 2. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 165 (2001), 281–297.