The Five Freedoms in the global animal agriculture market: Challenges and achievements as opportunities

Animal Frontiers

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 22-30

  Poletto, Rosangela ^a   Hötzel, Maria José ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA CATARINA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Consumer; Emerging economies; Poultry; Sentience; Swine

Indexed keywords

EID: 85039071945     PISSN: 21606056     EISSN: 21606064     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/af.2012-0045     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. AWIN. 2010. Animal welfare indicators. Accessed Feb. 8, 2012. http://www.animal-welfare-indicators.net/site/
2. Anson, A. 2009. The Codex perspective on ractopamine. The Beef Site. Accessed Feb. 3, 2012. http://www.thebeefsite.com/articles/2082/the-codex-perspectiveon-ractopamine
3. Brambell Committee. 1965. Report of the technical committee to enquire into the welfare of animals kept under intensive livestock husbandry systems. Command Paper 2836. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London
4. Brasil. 2000. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instrução Normativa No 3 de 17 de janeiro de 2000. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, Brazil
5. Brasil. 2008. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instrução Normativa No 56, de 06 de novembro de 2008. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, Brazil
6. Brasil. 2011. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Portaria no 524, de 21 de junho de 2011. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, Brazil
7. Broom, D. M. 1991. Animal welfare: Concepts and measurement. J. Anim. Sci. 69:4167-4175
8. Buhr, B. 2008. Economic impact of transitioning from gestation stalls to group pen housing in the U.S. pork industry. Joint Sow Housing Task Force of the National Pork Board and National Pork Producers Council. Accessed Mar. 15, 2012. http://nationalhogfarmer.com/site-files/nationalhogfarmer.com/files/archive/ nationalhogfarmer.com/images/NPB_sensitivity.pdf
9. California Health and Safety Code. 2009. Sections 25990-25994. California, United States of America
10. Centner, T. J. 2010. Limitations on the confinement of food animals in the United States. J. Agric. Environ. Ethics 23:469-486
11. Cronin, G. M., F. R. Dunshea, K. L. Butler, I. McCauley, J. L. Barnett, and P. H. Hemsworth. 2003. The effects of immune-and surgical-castration on the behavior and consequently growth of group-housed, male finisher pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 81:111-126
12. D'Eath, R.B., and S. P. Turner. 2009. The natural behaviour of the pig. Page 13 in The Welfare of Pigs. J.N. Marchant-Forde, ed. Springer Science Business Media, B.V., Dordrecht
13. Duncan, I. J. H., and M. S. Dawkins. 1983. The problem of assessing 'well-being' and 'suffering' in farm animals. Pages 13-24 in Indicators Relevant to Farm Animal Welfare. D. Smidt, ed. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague
14. Eurogroup Briefing. 2011. The global trade challenge of animal welfare. Report by Eurogroup for Animal Welfare. Brussels. Accessed Feb. 8, 2012. http:// eurogroupforanimals.org/files/news/downloads/301/the_global_trade_challenge_ of_animal_welfare.pdf
15. Euromonitor International. 2010. Spending power in emerging market economies grows rapidly. Accessed Mar. 15, 2012. http://blog.euromonitor.com/2010/09/ spending-power-in-emerging-market-economies-grows-rapidly.html
16. Eurostat. 2006. Household consumption expenditure. Accessed Mar. 15, 2012. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Household_ consumption_expenditure
17. FAWC (Farm Animal Welfare Council). 1993. Second report on priorities for research and development in farm animal welfare. MAFF Tolworth, U.K
18. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2006. Farm investment helps slow migration. Accessed Mar. 15, 2012. http://www.fao.org/ newsroom/en/news/2006/1000313/index.html
19. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2009. The state of food insecurity in the world. Economic crises-impacts and lessons learned. FAO, Rome
20. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2011. How to feed the world in 2050. Accessed Feb. 8, 2012. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/ templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050.pdf
21. IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística). 2006. Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão, Brazil. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo Agropecuário 2006. Accessed Feb. 2, 2012. http://www.ibge.gov.br/ home/estatistica/economia/agropecuaria/censoagro/default.shtm
22. EC (European Commission). 2007. Attitudes of EU citizens towards animal welfare. Special Eurobarometer 270 / Wave 66.1-TNS Opinion & Social. Accessed Oct. 10, 2007. http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/welfare/survey/index_en.htm
23. EU Declaration. 2010. European Declaration on alternatives to surgical castration of pigs. Accessed Feb. 8, 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/welfare/farm/ initiatives_en.htm
24. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2009. Safety evaluation of ractopamine. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (Question No EFSA-Q-2008-433). EFSA J. 1041:1-52
25. Hemsworth, P. H., and G. J. Coleman. 1998. Human-livestock interactions: The stockperson and the productivity of intensively farmed animals. CAB International, Wallingford, UK
26. Krystallis, A., M. D. de Barcellos, J. O. Kügler, W. Verbeke, and K. G. Grunert. 2009. Attitudes of European citizens towards pig production systems. Livestock Sci. 126:46-56
27. Lusk, J. L., and F. B. Norwood. 2008. Public opinion and the ethics and governance of farm animal welfare. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 233:1-6
28. Marchant-Forde, J. N., D. C. Lay Jr., E. A. Pajor, B. T. Richert, and A. P. Schinckel. 2003. The effects of ractopamine on the behavior and physiology of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 81:416-422
29. Matthews, L.R., and P.H. Hemsworth. 2012. Drivers of change: Law, international markets, and policy. Anim. Front. 3(2):40-45
30. Mench, J. A., D. A. Sumner, and J. T. Rosen-Molina. 2011. Sustainability of egg production in the United States-The policy and market context. Poultry Sci. 90:229-240
31. Molento, C. F. M., and N. Calderón. 2009. Essential directions for animal welfare in South America. Rev Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 28:617-625
32. OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). 2004. Terrestrial Animal Health Code (Terrestrial Code). Revised Ed. 2011, V. 1, Section 7. OIE, Paris, France
33. Olynk, N.J. 2012. Assessing changing consumer preferences for livestock production processes. Anim. Front. 3(2):32-38
34. Poletto, R., M. H. Rostagno, B. T. Richert, and J. N. Marchant-Forde. 2009. Effects of a "step-up" ractopamine feeding program and social rank on growth performance, hoof lesions and Enterobacteriaceae shedding in finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 87:304-313
35. Poletto, R., R. L. Meisel, B. T. Richert, H. W. Cheng, and J. N. Marchant-Forde. 2010a. Behavior and peripheral amine concentrations in relation to ractopamine feeding, sex, and social rank of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 88:1184-1194
36. Poletto, R., B. T. Richert, R. L. Meisel, J. P. Garner, H. W. Cheng, and J. N. Marchant-Forde. 2010b. Aggressiveness and brain amines in pigs fed the β-adrenoreceptor agonist ractopamine. J. Anim. Sci. 88:3107-3120
37. Promar International. 2008. Economic impact on California of the Treatment of Farm Animals Act. Final Report. Preliminary Report. Virginia: Alexandria. Accessed Feb. 8, 2012. http://www.pacificegg.org/documents/Economic%20 Impact%20Study%20May%202008%20FINAL.pdf
38. Rault, J. L., D. C. Lay Jr, and J. N. Marchant Forde. 2011. Castration induced pain in pigs and other livestock. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 135:214-225
39. Rayment, M., P. Asthana, H. van de Weerd, J. Gittins, and J. Talling. 2010. Evaluation of the EU policy on animal welfare and possible policy options for the future. Final Report. Accessed Feb. 8, 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/ welfare/actionplan/3%20Final%20Report%20-%20EUPAW%20Evaluation. pdf
40. Rollin, B. E. 1995. Farm animal welfare: Social, bioethical, and research issues. 1st ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames
41. Rosset, P. 2011. Preventing hunger: Change economic policy. Nature 479:472-473
42. Siegford, J. M., T. M. Bernardo, R. P. Malinowski, K. Laughlin, and A. J. Zanella. 2005. Integrating animal welfare into veterinary education: Using an online, interactive course. J. Vet. Med. Educ. 32:497-504
43. Steinfeld, H., P. Gerber, P. Wassenaar, V. Castle, M. Rosales, and D. De Haan. 2006. Livestock's long shadow: Environmental issues and options. FAO, Rome
44. USDA Economic Research Service. 2011. Food CPI, prices, and expenditures. Accessed Mar. 15, 2012. http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/cpifoodandexpenditures/
45. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. 2011. Brazil poultry and products annual 2011 GAIN report number BR 0714. Accessed Feb. 8, 2012. http://static.globaltrade. net/files/pdf/20110929151934190.pdf
46. WTO (World Trade Organization). 2004. The issues, and where we are now. Access ed Feb. 2, 2012. http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/agnegs_ bkgrnd_e.pdf