메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 174, Issue , 2018, Pages 905-916

Associative Sustainable Business Models: Cases in the bean-to-bar chocolate industry

Author keywords

Associative Sustainable Business Models; Business model innovation; Chocolate industry; Sustainability; Sustainable business models

Indexed keywords

LOCATION;

EID: 85038836742     PISSN: 09596526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.021     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 84971574683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social enterprise emergence from social movement activism: the Fairphone case
    • Akemu, O., Whiteman, G., Kennedy, S., Social enterprise emergence from social movement activism: the Fairphone case. J. Manag. Stud. 53:5 (2016), 846–877.
    • (2016) J. Manag. Stud. , vol.53 , Issue.5 , pp. 846-877
    • Akemu, O.1    Whiteman, G.2    Kennedy, S.3
  • 2
    • 80055063384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the special issue: integrating sustainability in business models
    • Arevalo, J.A., Castello, I., de Colle, S., Lenssen, G., Neumann, K., Zollo, M., Introduction to the special issue: integrating sustainability in business models. J. Manag. Dev. 30:10 (2011), 941–954.
    • (2011) J. Manag. Dev. , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 941-954
    • Arevalo, J.A.1    Castello, I.2    de Colle, S.3    Lenssen, G.4    Neumann, K.5    Zollo, M.6
  • 3
    • 34547862048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business modelling revisited: the configuration of control and value
    • Ballon, P., Business modelling revisited: the configuration of control and value. J. Policy. Regul. Strat. Telecom. Inf. Media 9:5 (2007), 6–19.
    • (2007) J. Policy. Regul. Strat. Telecom. Inf. Media , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 6-19
    • Ballon, P.1
  • 4
    • 85038849848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa Barometer 2015
    • Barometer Consortium, Cocoa Barometer 2015. 2015 http://www.cocoabarometer.org.
    • (2015)
    • Barometer Consortium1
  • 6
    • 84893788213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes
    • Bocken, N.M.P., Short, S.W., Rana, P., Evans, S., A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. J. Clean. Prod. 65 (2014), 42–56.
    • (2014) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.65 , pp. 42-56
    • Bocken, N.M.P.1    Short, S.W.2    Rana, P.3    Evans, S.4
  • 7
    • 84891829502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business models for sustainable technologies: exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles
    • Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J., Kolk, A., Business models for sustainable technologies: exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles. Res. Pol. 43:2 (2014), 284–300.
    • (2014) Res. Pol. , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 284-300
    • Bohnsack, R.1    Pinkse, J.2    Kolk, A.3
  • 8
    • 84879420033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda
    • Boons, F., Ludeke-Freund, F., Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda. J. Clean. Prod. 45 (2013), 9–19.
    • (2013) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.45 , pp. 9-19
    • Boons, F.1    Ludeke-Freund, F.2
  • 9
    • 85038837866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La Fageda
    • Harvard Business School Case Study 9-711-452 Boston, MA
    • Casadesus-Masanell, R., Ricart, J.E., Mitchell, J., La Fageda. Harvard Business School Case Study 9-711-452 Boston, MA, 2011.
    • (2011)
    • Casadesus-Masanell, R.1    Ricart, J.E.2    Mitchell, J.3
  • 10
    • 50249120631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurial energy: associative entrepreneurship in the renewable energy sector in Wales
    • Cato, M.S., Arthur, L., Keenoy, T., Smith, R., Entrepreneurial energy: associative entrepreneurship in the renewable energy sector in Wales. Int. J. Entrep. Behav. Res. 14:5 (2008), 313–329.
    • (2008) Int. J. Entrep. Behav. Res. , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 313-329
    • Cato, M.S.1    Arthur, L.2    Keenoy, T.3    Smith, R.4
  • 11
    • 85038857196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grenada Chocolate Company: big decisions for a young social enterprise on a small island
    • Ceranic, T.L., Montiel, I., Cook, W.S., Grenada Chocolate Company: big decisions for a young social enterprise on a small island. J. Bus. Ethics Educ. 10 (2013), 327–338.
    • (2013) J. Bus. Ethics Educ. , vol.10 , pp. 327-338
    • Ceranic, T.L.1    Montiel, I.2    Cook, W.S.3
  • 12
    • 84879415082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical factors for implementing and diffusing sustainable product-Service systems: insights from innovation studies and companies' experiences
    • Ceschin, F., Critical factors for implementing and diffusing sustainable product-Service systems: insights from innovation studies and companies' experiences. J. Clean. Prod. 45 (2013), 74–88.
    • (2013) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.45 , pp. 74-88
    • Ceschin, F.1
  • 13
    • 0036299320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's technology spin-off companies
    • Chesbrough, H.W., Rosenbloom, R.S., The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's technology spin-off companies. Ind. Corp. Change 11 (2002), 529–555.
    • (2002) Ind. Corp. Change , vol.11 , pp. 529-555
    • Chesbrough, H.W.1    Rosenbloom, R.S.2
  • 14
    • 85038846173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bean to Bar Craft Chocolate Makers World
    • Accessed at:
    • Choco Rush, Bean to Bar Craft Chocolate Makers World. Accessed at:, 2017 http://blog.chocorush.co/world-bean-to-bar-craft-chocolate-makers/.
    • (2017)
    • Choco Rush1
  • 15
    • 82255169236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social entrepreneurship: a critique and future directions
    • Dacin, M.T., Dacin, P.A., Tracey, P., Social entrepreneurship: a critique and future directions. Org. Sci. 22:5 (2011), 1203–1213.
    • (2011) Org. Sci. , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 1203-1213
    • Dacin, M.T.1    Dacin, P.A.2    Tracey, P.3
  • 16
    • 33749680336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of sustainable entrepreneurship: reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action
    • Dean, T.J., McMullen, J.S., Toward a theory of sustainable entrepreneurship: reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action. J. Bus. Ventur 22:1 (2007), 50–76.
    • (2007) J. Bus. Ventur , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-76
    • Dean, T.J.1    McMullen, J.S.2
  • 17
    • 84900526757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurs and the context of cooperative organizations: a definition of cooperative entrepreneur
    • Diaz-Foncea, M., Marcuello, C., Entrepreneurs and the context of cooperative organizations: a definition of cooperative entrepreneur. Can. J. Admin. Sci. 30:4 (2013), 238–251.
    • (2013) Can. J. Admin. Sci. , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 238-251
    • Diaz-Foncea, M.1    Marcuello, C.2
  • 18
    • 63849284258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweet spot
    • Dickinson, E.E., Sweet spot. Architect 98:2 (2009), 24–26.
    • (2009) Architect , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 24-26
    • Dickinson, E.E.1
  • 19
    • 85038847520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divine Chocolate Annual Report 2015-2016
    • Accessed at
    • Divine Chocolate, Divine Chocolate Annual Report 2015-2016. Accessed at, 2016 http://www.divinechoclate.com/uk.
    • (2016)
    • Divine Chocolate1
  • 20
    • 70449099321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do business models do? Innovation devices in technology entrepreneurship
    • Doganova, L., Eyquem-Renauilt, M., What do business models do? Innovation devices in technology entrepreneurship. Res. Policy 38 (2009), 1559–1570.
    • (2009) Res. Policy , vol.38 , pp. 1559-1570
    • Doganova, L.1    Eyquem-Renauilt, M.2
  • 21
    • 22744437360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New thinking in international trade? A case study of the Day Chocolate Company
    • Doherty, B., Tranchell, S., New thinking in international trade? A case study of the Day Chocolate Company. Sustain. Dev. 13:3 (2005), 166–176.
    • (2005) Sustain. Dev. , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 166-176
    • Doherty, B.1    Tranchell, S.2
  • 22
    • 79960761053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource advantage theory and fair trade social enterprises
    • Doherty, B., Resource advantage theory and fair trade social enterprises. J. Strat. Mark. 19:4 (2011), 357–380.
    • (2011) J. Strat. Mark. , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 357-380
    • Doherty, B.1
  • 23
    • 34047207566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges
    • Eisenhardt, K.M., Graebner, M.E., Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges. Acad. Manag. J. 50:1 (2007), 25–32.
    • (2007) Acad. Manag. J. , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-32
    • Eisenhardt, K.M.1    Graebner, M.E.2
  • 24
    • 33747116221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of firm, agency theory and shareholder theory: a critique from philosophical anthropology
    • Fontrodona, J., Sison, A., The nature of firm, agency theory and shareholder theory: a critique from philosophical anthropology. J. Bus. Ethics 66 (2006), 33–42.
    • (2006) J. Bus. Ethics , vol.66 , pp. 33-42
    • Fontrodona, J.1    Sison, A.2
  • 25
    • 85038818062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child Labor and Slavery in the Chocolate Industry
    • (Accessed 25 October 2014)
    • Food Empowerment Project, Child Labor and Slavery in the Chocolate Industry. 2014 http://www.foodispower.org/slavery-chocolate/. (Accessed 25 October 2014)
    • (2014)
    • Food Empowerment Project1
  • 26
    • 84979231542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach to business model innovation and design for strategic sustainable development
    • França, C.L., Broman, G., Robèrt, K., Basile, G., Trygg, L., An approach to business model innovation and design for strategic sustainable development. J. Clean. Prod. 140 (2017), 155–166.
    • (2017) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.140 , pp. 155-166
    • França, C.L.1    Broman, G.2    Robèrt, K.3    Basile, G.4    Trygg, L.5
  • 27
    • 85038858062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Grenada Chocolate Company Website
    • Accessed at:
    • Grenada Chocolate Company, The Grenada Chocolate Company Website. Accessed at:, 2016 http://grenadachocolate.com.
    • (2016)
    • Grenada Chocolate Company1
  • 28
    • 85038813880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hershey's uses more certified sustainable cocoa, but farmers may not be seeing the benefits
    • Accessed at:
    • Gunther, M., Hershey's uses more certified sustainable cocoa, but farmers may not be seeing the benefits. Accessed at: Guard., 2015 https://www.theguardian.com.
    • (2015) Guard.
    • Gunther, M.1
  • 29
    • 77955431838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: past contributions and future directions
    • Hall, J.K., Daneke, G.A., Lenox, M.J., Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: past contributions and future directions. J. Bus. Ventur. 25:5 (2010), 439–448.
    • (2010) J. Bus. Ventur. , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 439-448
    • Hall, J.K.1    Daneke, G.A.2    Lenox, M.J.3
  • 30
    • 84890720926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharing economy: a potential new pathway to sustainability
    • Heinrichs, H., Sharing economy: a potential new pathway to sustainability. Gaia, 22(4), 2013, 228.
    • (2013) Gaia , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 228
    • Heinrichs, H.1
  • 31
    • 85038877332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweet smell of success for Divine Chocolate company
    • Accessed at:
    • Hillier, A., Sweet smell of success for Divine Chocolate company. Accessed at: Third Sect., 58(824), 2016 http://www.thirdsector.co.uk.
    • (2016) Third Sect. , vol.58 , Issue.824
    • Hillier, A.1
  • 32
    • 84920449287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The World Cocoa Economy: Past and Present 2012
    • The International Cocoa Association London
    • ICCO, The World Cocoa Economy: Past and Present 2012. 2012, The International Cocoa Association, London.
    • (2012)
    • ICCO1
  • 33
    • 84942371924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable development and business models of entrepreneurs in the organic food industry
    • Jolink, A., Niesten, E., Sustainable development and business models of entrepreneurs in the organic food industry. Bus. Strat. Environ. 24 (2015), 386–401.
    • (2015) Bus. Strat. Environ. , vol.24 , pp. 386-401
    • Jolink, A.1    Niesten, E.2
  • 34
    • 84977503586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The triple layered business model canvas: a tool to design more sustainable business models
    • Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: a tool to design more sustainable business models. J. Clean. Prod. 135 (2016), 1474–1486.
    • (2016) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.135 , pp. 1474-1486
    • Joyce, A.1    Paquin, R.L.2
  • 35
    • 85038840556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kallari Association Website
    • Accessed at:
    • Kallari, Kallari Association Website. Accessed at:, 2016 http://www.kallari.com/index.
    • (2016)
    • Kallari1
  • 36
    • 85038849989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kallari Chocolate: (G)local Organizing for Sustainable Enterprise
    • United Nations Global Forum: Business as an Agent of World Benefit. Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH
    • Kappen, J.A., Logback, J., Kallari Chocolate: (G)local Organizing for Sustainable Enterprise. 2009, United Nations Global Forum: Business as an Agent of World Benefit. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
    • (2009)
    • Kappen, J.A.1    Logback, J.2
  • 37
    • 85038846911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chocolate maker's big innovation
    • Kummer, C., A chocolate maker's big innovation. Finweek, 2013, 16–17.
    • (2013) Finweek , pp. 16-17
    • Kummer, C.1
  • 38
    • 85038837815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kuapa Kokoo Website
    • Accessed at:
    • Kuapa Kokoo, Kuapa Kokoo Website. Accessed at:, 2016 http://www.kuapakokoo.com.
    • (2016)
    • Kokoo, K.1
  • 39
    • 0036580233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why business models matter
    • Magretta, J., Why business models matter. Harv. Bus. Rev. 80:5 (2002), 86–92.
    • (2002) Harv. Bus. Rev. , vol.80 , Issue.5 , pp. 86-92
    • Magretta, J.1
  • 40
    • 85038847288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Chocolate Confectionary: Industry Profile
    • Retrieved from MarketLine Advantage Database
    • MarketLine, Global Chocolate Confectionary: Industry Profile. Retrieved from MarketLine Advantage Database, 2015.
    • (2015)
    • MarketLine1
  • 41
    • 84879416659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing stakeholder relations when developing sustainable business models: the case of the Brazilian energy sector
    • Matos, S., Silvestre, B.S., Managing stakeholder relations when developing sustainable business models: the case of the Brazilian energy sector. J. Clean. Prod. 45 (2013), 61–73.
    • (2013) J. Clean. Prod. , vol.45 , pp. 61-73
    • Matos, S.1    Silvestre, B.S.2
  • 42
    • 84870737176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective social entrepreneurship: collaboratively shaping social good
    • Montgomery, A.W., Dacin, P.A., Dacin, M.T., Collective social entrepreneurship: collaboratively shaping social good. J. Bus. Ethics 111:3 (2012), 375–388.
    • (2012) J. Bus. Ethics , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 375-388
    • Montgomery, A.W.1    Dacin, P.A.2    Dacin, M.T.3
  • 43
    • 84958895814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooking up solutions for climate change: the role of sustainable entrepreneurs
    • P. Kyro Edward Elgar Publishing Cheltenham, UK
    • Montiel, I., Ceranic, T., Cooking up solutions for climate change: the role of sustainable entrepreneurs. Kyro, P., (eds.) Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development, 2015, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK, 209–228.
    • (2015) Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development , pp. 209-228
    • Montiel, I.1    Ceranic, T.2
  • 44
    • 12144271745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The entrepreneur's business model: toward a unified perspective
    • Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Allen, J., The entrepreneur's business model: toward a unified perspective. J. Bus. Res. 58:6 (2005), 726–735.
    • (2005) J. Bus. Res. , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 726-735
    • Morris, M.1    Schindehutte, M.2    Allen, J.3
  • 45
    • 85038854643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nestle Child Labour Probe
    • News24, Nestle Child Labour Probe. 2011 http://www.news24.com.
    • (2011)
    • News241
  • 46
    • 85038850164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brands Lead on Sustainable Cocoa Goals, Cargill and Barry Callebaut Suggest
    • Confectionary News
    • Nieburg, O., Brands Lead on Sustainable Cocoa Goals, Cargill and Barry Callebaut Suggest. 2015, Confectionary News http://confectionarynews.com.
    • (2015)
    • Nieburg, O.1
  • 47
    • 0004305444 scopus 로고
    • The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups
    • Harvard University Press Cambridge
    • Olson, M., The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. 1965, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1965)
    • Olson, M.1
  • 48
    • 85038806329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Best Chocolate in the World Now on the Shelves at Whole Foods
    • Treehugger
    • Oppenheim, L., The Best Chocolate in the World Now on the Shelves at Whole Foods. 2008, Treehugger http://www.treehugger.com.
    • (2008)
    • Oppenheim, L.1
  • 49
    • 10444222287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Business Model Ontology: a Proposition in a Design Science Approach
    • (Doctoral dissertation) Université de Lausanne Retrieved from
    • Osterwalder, A., The Business Model Ontology: a Proposition in a Design Science Approach. (Doctoral dissertation), 2004, Université de Lausanne Retrieved from http://www.hec.unil.ch/aosterwa/PhD/Osterwalder_PhD_BM_Ontology.pdf.
    • (2004)
    • Osterwalder, A.1
  • 50
    • 84890912199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A behavioral approach to the rational choice theory of collective action: presidential address
    • Ostrom, E., A behavioral approach to the rational choice theory of collective action: presidential address. Am. Polit. Sci. Assoc. 1997 (1998), 1–22.
    • (1998) Am. Polit. Sci. Assoc. , vol.1997 , pp. 1-22
    • Ostrom, E.1
  • 51
    • 77955331777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escaping the green prison: entrepreneurship and the creation of opportunities for sustainable development
    • Pacheco, D.F., Dean, T.J., Payne, D.S., Escaping the green prison: entrepreneurship and the creation of opportunities for sustainable development. J. Bus. Ventur 25:5 (2010), 464–480.
    • (2010) J. Bus. Ventur , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 464-480
    • Pacheco, D.F.1    Dean, T.J.2    Payne, D.S.3
  • 52
    • 84911436880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coevolution of industries, social movements, and institutions: wind power in the United States
    • Pacheco, D.F., York, J.G., Hargrave, T.J., The coevolution of industries, social movements, and institutions: wind power in the United States. Org. Sci. 25:6 (2014), 1609–1632.
    • (2014) Org. Sci. , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 1609-1632
    • Pacheco, D.F.1    York, J.G.2    Hargrave, T.J.3
  • 53
    • 85038884918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From pod to palette
    • (cover story)
    • Pacyniak, B., From pod to palette. (cover story) Candy Ind. 173:10 (2008), 18–23.
    • (2008) Candy Ind. , vol.173 , Issue.10 , pp. 18-23
    • Pacyniak, B.1
  • 54
    • 0141750482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small producer participation in global food systems: policy opportunities and constraints
    • Page, S., Slater, R., Small producer participation in global food systems: policy opportunities and constraints. Dev. Policy Rev. 21:5/6 (2003), 641–654.
    • (2003) Dev. Policy Rev. , vol.21 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 641-654
    • Page, S.1    Slater, R.2
  • 55
    • 84861647808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability
    • Schaltegger, S., Ludeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E.G., Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability. Int. J. Innov. Sustain. Dev. 6:2 (2012), 95–119.
    • (2012) Int. J. Innov. Sustain. Dev. , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-119
    • Schaltegger, S.1    Ludeke-Freund, F.2    Hansen, E.G.3
  • 56
    • 84981313721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business models for sustainability: a co-evolutionary analysis of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and transformation
    • Schaltegger, S., Ludeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E.G., Business models for sustainability: a co-evolutionary analysis of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and transformation. Org. Environ. 29:3 (2016), 264–289.
    • (2016) Org. Environ. , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 264-289
    • Schaltegger, S.1    Ludeke-Freund, F.2    Hansen, E.G.3
  • 57
    • 85038842808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TCHO: Changing Chocolate
    • Starkman, N., TCHO: Changing Chocolate. 2013 http://civileats.com/2013/07/18/tcho-changing-chocolate/.
    • (2013)
    • Starkman, N.1
  • 58
    • 0002528395 scopus 로고
    • Grounded theory methodology
    • Strauss, A., Corbin, J., Grounded theory methodology. Handb. Qual. Res. 17 (1994), 273–285.
    • (1994) Handb. Qual. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 273-285
    • Strauss, A.1    Corbin, J.2
  • 59
    • 44149091928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing a ‘sustainability business model’
    • Stubbs, W., Cocklin, C., Conceptualizing a ‘sustainability business model’. Org. Env. 21 (2008), 103–127.
    • (2008) Org. Env. , vol.21 , pp. 103-127
    • Stubbs, W.1    Cocklin, C.2
  • 60
    • 33749031587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the editors: what grounded theory is not
    • Suddaby, R., From the editors: what grounded theory is not. Acad. Manag. J. 49:4 (2006), 633–642.
    • (2006) Acad. Manag. J. , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 633-642
    • Suddaby, R.1
  • 61
    • 77952581340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business models, business strategy and innovation
    • Teece, D.J., Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long. Range Plan. 43 (2010), 172–194.
    • (2010) Long. Range Plan. , vol.43 , pp. 172-194
    • Teece, D.J.1
  • 62
    • 85038857867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introducing Africa to Bean-to-bar Chocolate
    • Finweek
    • Tink, C., Introducing Africa to Bean-to-bar Chocolate. 2016, Finweek, 42–43.
    • (2016) , pp. 42-43
    • Tink, C.1
  • 63
    • 85038821675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TCHO Website
    • Accessed at
    • TCHO, TCHO Website. Accessed at, 2016 http://www.tcho.com.
    • (2016)
    • TCHO1
  • 64
    • 84956601901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ontology for strongly sustainable business models: defining an enterprise framework compatible with natural and social science
    • Upward, A., Jones, P., An ontology for strongly sustainable business models: defining an enterprise framework compatible with natural and social science. Organ. Environ. 29:1 (2016), 97–123.
    • (2016) Organ. Environ. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-123
    • Upward, A.1    Jones, P.2
  • 65
    • 85038884045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USA Spending.
    • USA Spending, 2017. https://www.usaspending.gov.
    • (2017)
  • 66
    • 85038806395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Dynamic Bean-to-bar Market Creates “New American Chocolate’ – but Is it a Game for Small Players Only?
    • Vreeland, C., A Dynamic Bean-to-bar Market Creates “New American Chocolate’ – but Is it a Game for Small Players Only?. 2015 http://www.confectionerynews.com.
    • (2015)
    • Vreeland, C.1
  • 67
    • 84865086257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social responsibility in new ventures: profiting from a long-term orientation
    • Wang, T., Bansal, P., Social responsibility in new ventures: profiting from a long-term orientation. Strat. Manag. J. 33:10 (2012), 1135–1153.
    • (2012) Strat. Manag. J. , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1135-1153
    • Wang, T.1    Bansal, P.2
  • 68
    • 0003673547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied Social Research Series fourth ed. Sage Thousand Oaks, CA
    • Yin, R.K., Applied Social Research Series, fourth ed. Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 2009, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
    • (2009) Case Study Research: Design and Methods
    • Yin, R.K.1
  • 69
    • 34247496884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business model design and the performance of entrepreneurial firms
    • Zott, C., Amit, R., Business model design and the performance of entrepreneurial firms. Org. Sci. 18 (2007), 181–199.
    • (2007) Org. Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 181-199
    • Zott, C.1    Amit, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.