Reducing smoking in the US federal workforce: 5-year health and economic impacts from improved cardiovascular disease outcomes

Public Health Reports

Volumn 132, Issue 6, 2017, Pages 646-653

  Asay, Garrett R Beeler ^a   Homa, David M ^b   Abramsohn, Erin M ^a   Xu, Xin ^b   O’Connor, Erin L ^b   Wang, Guijing ^a  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Cessation; Employer health costs; Heart disease; Smoking; Tobacco; Workplace wellness

Indexed keywords

ABSENTEEISM; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; UNITED STATES; ECONOMICS; GOVERNMENT; HEART INFARCTION; MIDDLE AGED; MONTE CARLO METHOD; SMOKING CESSATION; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; YOUNG ADULT;

ABSENTEEISM; ADULT; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; EFFICIENCY; FEMALE; GOVERNMENT AGENCIES; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, ECONOMETRIC; MONTE CARLO METHOD; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PREVALENCE; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; STROKE; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85038002090     PISSN: 00333549     EISSN: 14682877     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0033354917736300     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
2. Xu X, Bishop EE, Kennedy SM, Simpson SA, Pechacek TF. Annual healthcare spending attributable to cigarette smoking. Am J Prev Med. 2014;48(3):326-333.
3. Jamal A, Homa DM, O’Connor E, et al. Current cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2005-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(44):1233-1240.
4. Girod CS, Weltz SA, Heart SK. 2015 Milliman medical index. http://www.milliman.com/uploadedFiles/insight/Periodicals/mmi/2015-MMI.pdf. Published 2015. Accessed July 31, 2017.
5. Berman M, Crane R, Seiber E, Munur M. Estimating the cost of a smoking employee. Tob Control. 2014;23(5):428-433.
6. US Office of Personnel Management. FedScope: federal human resources data: employment data. http://www.fed scope.opm.gov/ibmcognos/cgi-bin/cognosisapi.dll. Published 2015. Accessed December 15, 2015.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) public use data release. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2014. ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Docu mentation/NHIS/2013/readme.pdf. Accessed July 31, 2017.
8. Lightwood JM, Glantz SA. Short-term economic and health benefits of smoking cessation: myocardial infarction and stroke. Circulation. 1997;96(4):1089-1096.
9. Asay GRB, Roy K, Lang JE, Payne RL, Howard DH. Absenteeism and employer costs associated with chronic diseases and health risk factors in the US workforce. Prev Chronic Dis. 2016;13:150503.
10. Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Welch HG. The risk of death by age, sex, and smoking status in the United States: putting health risks in context. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(12):845-853.
11. Naidoo B, Stevens W, McPherson K. Modelling the short term consequences of smoking cessation in England on the hospitalisation rates for acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Tob Control. 2000;9(4):397-400.
12. Hurley SF. Short-term impact of smoking cessation on myocardial infarction and stroke hospitalisations and costs in Australia. Med J Aust. 2005;183(1):13-17.
13. Dobson AJ, Alexander HM, Heller RF, Lloyd DM. How soon after quitting smoking does risk of heart attack decline? J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(11):1247-1253.
14. Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. Smoking cessation and time course of decreased risks of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(2):169-175.
15. McElduff P, Dobson A, Beaglehole R, Jackson R. Rapid reduction in coronary risk for those who quit cigarette smoking. Aust N Z J Public Health. 1998;22(7):787-791.
16. Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Helmrich SP, Shapiro S. The risk of myocardial infarction after quitting smoking in men under 55 years of age. N Engl J Med. 1985;313(24):1511-1514.
17. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Shapiro S. Decline in the risk of myocardial infarction among women who stop smoking. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(4):213-217.
18. Willett WC, Hennekens CH, Bain C, Rosner B, Speizer FE. Cigarette smoking and non-fatal myocardial infarction in women. Am J Epidemiol. 1981;113(5):575-582.
19. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Whincup PH, Walker M. Smoking cessation and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men. JAMA. 1995;274(2):155-160.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Hospital Discharge Survey. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhds/index.htm. Published 2010. Accessed September 7, 2017.
21. Wang G, Zhang Z, Ayala C, Dunet D, Fang J. Costs of hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction among patients aged 18-64 years in the United States. In: Gaze DC, ed. Ischemic Heart Disease. Rijeka, Croatia: Intech; 2013:77-90.
22. Dehmer SP. The Economics of a New Health Technology: An Evaluation of the Impact of Statins on Lifestyle Behaviors [dissertation]. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota; 2012.
23. Wang G, Zhang Z, Ayala C, Dunet D, Fang J. Inpatient costs associated with ischemic heart disease among adults aged 18-64 years in the United States. In: Lakshmanadoss U, ed. Novel Strategies in Ischemic Heart Disease. Rijeka, Croatia: Intech; 2012:319-320.
24. US Congressional Budget Office. The 2014 long-term budget outlook. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/45471. Published 2014. Accessed July 31, 2017.
25. Grosse SD, Krueger KV, Mvundura M. Economic productivity by age and sex: 2007 estimates for the United States. Med Care. 2009;47(7)(suppl 1):S94-S103.
26. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment cost index: total compensation: all civilian. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ECIALLCIV. Published 2014. Accessed July 31, 2017.
27. Bunn WB, Stave GM, Downs KE, Alvir JM, Dirano R. Effect of smoking status on productivity loss. J Occup Environ Med. 2006;48(10):1099-1108.
28. Employer costs for employee compensation, December 2013 [news release]. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics; 2014. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecec_03122014.pdf. Accessed July 31, 2017.
29. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure codes: abbreviated and full code titles. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD9ProviderDiagnosticCodes/codes.html. Published 2015. Accessed August 31, 2017.
30. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Price indexes for personal consumption expenditures: health care. http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=12&step=1&acrdn=2. Published 2013. Accessed January 24, 2013.
31. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association [published erratum appears in Circulation. 2016;133(15):e599]. Circulation. 2016;133(4):e38-e360.
32. US Congressional Budget Office. An update to the budget and economic outlook: 2014 to 2024: table August 2014 baseline forecast (calendar year). https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/113th-congress-2013-2014/reports/45653-outlookupda te2014aug.pdf. Published 2014. Accessed July 31, 2017.
33. Palisade Corporation. @Risk Decision Tools Suite 6.0. Ithaca, NY: Palisade Corporation; 2015.
34. US Office of Personnel Management. Federal employee tobacco use: results from the 2013 Federal Employee Benefits Survey. https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/data-analysis-documentation/employee-surveys/2013-tobacco-use.pdf. Published 2013. Accessed July 31, 2017.
35. US Department of Health and Human Services. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008.
36. Ballbè M, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Sureda X, et al. Cigarettes vs. e-cigarettes: passive exposure at home measured by means of airborne marker and biomarkers. Environ Res. 2014;135:76-80.
37. American Lung Association. Tobacco Free College Campus Initiative: list of smoke-free campuses. http://tobaccofreecam pus.org/list-of-smokefree-campuses. Accessed August 22, 2017.
38. Cook DM, Bero LA. The politics of smoking in federal buildings: an executive order case study. Am J Public Health. 2009; 99(9):1588-1595.
39. General Services Administration. 5800.1C ADM: smoking in GSA-occupied space and government-owned or-leased vehicles assigned to GSA. https://www.gsa.gov/portal/directive/d0/content/520618. Published 2009. Accessed August 22, 2017.
40. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. National Prevention Council action plan: implementing the National Prevention Strategy. https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/about/actionplan.html. Published 2012. Accessed July 31, 2017.