Nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review

Frontiers in Psychology

Volumn 8, Issue NOV, 2017, Pages

  Cipriano, Annarosa ^a   Cella, Stefania ^a   Cotrufo, Paolo ^a  

^a SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

Deliberate self harm; DSM 5; Nonsuicidal self injury; NSSI; Self injury

Indexed keywords

EID: 85033563271     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. American Psychiatric Association (2012). Suggested Criteria for DSM-5 Non-Suicidal Self-injury Disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
2. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
3. Andover, M. S. (2014). Non-suicidal self-injury disorder in a community sample of adults. Psychiatry Res. 219, 305-310. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.001
4. Arens, A. M., Gaher, R. M., and Simons, J. S. (2012). Child maltreatment and deliberate self-harm among college students: testing mediation and moderation models for impulsivity. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 82, 328-337. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01165.x
5. Auerbach, R. P., Kim, J. C., Chango, J. M., Spiro, W. J., Cha, C., Gold, J., et al. (2014). Adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: examining the role of child abuse, comorbidity, and disinhibition. Psychiatry Res. 220, 579-584. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.027
6. Barrocas, A. L., Hankin, B. L., Young, J. L., and Abela, J. R. (2012). Rates of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth: age, sex, and behavioural methods in a community sample. Pediatrics 130, 39-45. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2094
7. Bolognini, M., Plancherel, B., Laget, J., Stephan, P., and Halfon, O. (2003). Adolescents' self-mutilation-relationship with dependent behaviour. Swiss J. Psychol. 62, 241-249. doi: 10.1024/1421-0185.62.4.241
8. Bresin, K., and Schoenleber, M. (2015). Gender differences in the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury: a meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 38, 55-64. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.009
9. Briere, J., and Gil, E. (1998). Self-mutilation in clinical and general population samples: prevalence, correlates, and functions. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 68, 609-620. doi: 10.1037/h0080369
10. Calvete, E., Orue, I., Aizpuru, L., and Brotherton, H. (2015). Prevalence and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in Spanish adolescents. Psychotema 27, 223-228. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2014.262
11. Cerutti, R., Manca, M., Presaghi, F., and Gratz, K. L. (2011). Prevalence and clinical correlates of deliberate self-harm among a community sample of Italian adolescents. J. Adolesc. 34, 337-347. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.04.004
12. Cerutti, R., Presaghi, F., Manca, M., and Gratz, K. L. (2012). Deliberate self-harm behavior among italian young adults: correlations with clinical and nonclinical dimensions of personality. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 82, 298-308. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01169
13. Claes, L., Vandereycken, W., and Vertommen, H. (2001). Self-injurious behaviors in eating-disordered patients. Eat. Behav. 2, 263-272. doi: 10.1016/S1471-0153(01)00033-2
14. Claes, L., Vandereycken, W., and Vertommen, H. (2007). Self-injury in female versus male psychiatric patients: a comparison of characteristics, psychopathology and aggression regulation. Pers. Indiv. Dif. 42, 611-621. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.021
15. Darche, M. A. (1990). Psychological factors differentiating self-mutilating and non-self-mutilating adolescent inpatient females. Psychiatr. Hosp. 21, 31-35
16. DiClemente, R. J., Ponton, L. E., and Hartley, D. (1991). Prevalence and correlates of cutting behavior: risk for HIV transmission. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 30, 735-739. doi: 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80007-3
17. Eichen, D. M., Kass, A. E., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Gibbs, E., Trockel, M., Taylor, B., et al. (2016). Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation in relation to eating and general psychopathology among college-age women. Psychiatr. Res. 235, 77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.046
18. Favazza, A. R. (1992). Repetitive self-mutilation. Psychiatr. Ann. 22, 60-63. doi: 10.4236/health.2010.24055
19. Favazza, A. R. (1996). Bodies under Siege: Self-mutilation and Body Modification in Culture and Psychiatry, 2nd Edn. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press
20. Favazza, A. R., and Conterio, K. (1988). The plight of chronic self-mutilators. Commun. Ment. Health J. 24, 22-30. doi: 10.1007/BF00755050
21. Favazza, A. R., and Conterio, K. (1989). Female habitual self-mutilators. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 79, 283-289. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb10259.x
22. Favazza, A. R., DeRosear, L., and Conterio, K. (1989). Self-mutilation and eating disorders. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 19, 352-361
23. Favazza, A. R., and Rosenthal, R. J. (1990). Varieties of pathological self-mutilation. Behav. Neurol. 3, 77-85. doi: 10.3233/BEN-1990-3202
24. Favazza, A. R., and Rosenthal, R. J. (1993). Diagnostic issue in self-mutilation. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 44, 134-139. doi: 10.1176/ps.44.2.134
25. Giletta, M., Scholte, R. H., Engels, R. C., Ciairano, S., and Prinstein, M. J. (2012). Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: a cross-national study of community samples from Italy, the Netherlands and the United States. Psychiatry Res. 197, 66-72. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.02.009
26. Glenn, C. R., and Klonsky, E. D. (2013). Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: an empirical investigation in adolescent psychiatric patients. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 42, 496-507. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2013.794699
27. Goldstein, A. L., Glett, G. L., Wekerle, C., and Wall, A. (2009). Personality, child maltreatment, and substance use: examining correlates of deliberate self-harm among university students. Can. J. Behav. Sci. 41, 241-251. doi: 10.1037/a0014847
28. Graff, H., and Mallin, R. (1967). The syndrome of the wrist cutter. Am. J. Psychiatry 124, 74-80. doi: 10.1176/ajp.124.1.36
29. Gratz, K. L. (2006). Risk factors for deliberate self-harm among female college students: the role and interaction of childhood maltreatment, emotional inexpressivity, and affect intensity/reactivity. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 76, 238-250. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.76.2.238
30. Gratz, K. L., and Chapman, A. L. (2007). The role of emotional responding and childhood maltreatment in the development and maintenance of deliberate self-harm among male undergraduates. Psychol. Men Masculinity 8, 1-14. doi: 10.1037/1524-9220.8.1.1
31. Gratz, K. L., Conrad, S. D., and Roemer, L. (2002). Risk factors for deliberate self-harm among college students. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 1, 128-140. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.72.1.128
32. Gratz, K. L., Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Chapman, A. L., and Tull, M. T. (2015). Diagnosis and characterization of DSM-5 nonsuicidal self-injury disorder using the clinician administered nonsuicidal self-injury disorder index. Assessment 22, 527-539. doi: 10.1177/1073191114565878
33. Herpertz, S. (1995). Self-injurious behavior: psychopathological and nosological characteristics in subtypes of self-injurers. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 91, 57-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09743.x
34. Hilt, L. M., Cha, C. B., and Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2008b). Nonsuicidal self-injury in young adolescent girls: moderators of the distress-function relationship. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 76, 63-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.63
35. Hilt, L. M., Nock, M. K., Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., and Prinstein, M. J. (2008a). Longitudinal study of nonsuicidal self-injury among young adolescents: rates, correlates, and preliminary test of an interpersonal model. J. Early Adolesc. 28, 455-469. doi: 10.1177/0272431608316604
36. Iannaccone, M., Cella, S., Manzi, S. A., Visconti, L., Manzi, F., and Cotrufo, P. (2013). My body and me: self-injurious behaviors and body modifications in eating disorders-preliminary results. Eat. Disord. 21, 130-139. doi: 10.1080/10640266.2013.761087
37. In-Albon, T., Ruf, C., and Schmid, M. (2013). Proposed diagnostic criteria for the DSM-5 of nonsuicidal self-injury in female adolescents: diagnostic and clinical correlates. Psychiatry J. 2013:159208. doi: 10.1155/2013/159208
38. Jacobson, C. M., Hill, R. M., Pettit, J. W., and Grozeva, D. (2015). The association of interpersonal and intrapersonal emotional experiences with non-suicidal self-injury in young adults. Arch. Suicide Res. 19, 401-413. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2015.1004492
39. Jenkins, A. L., McCloskey, M. S., Kulper, D., Berman, M. E., and Coccaro, E. F. (2015). Self-harm behavior among individuals with intermittent explosive disorder and personality disorders. J. Psychiatr. Res. 60, 125-131. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.013
40. Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Mattern, M., Plener, P. L., Bifulco, A., Resch, F., et al. (2013). Adverse childhood experiences and their impact on frequency, severity, and the individual function of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth. Psychiatry Res. 206, 265-272. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.10.012
41. Kahan, J., and Pattison, E. M. (1984). Proposal for a distinctive diagnosis: the deliberate self-harm syndrome (DSH). Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 14, 17-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.1984.tb00334.x
42. Kirchner, T., Ferrer, L., Forns, M., and Zanini, D. (2011). Self-harm behavior and suicidal ideation among high school students. Gender differences and relationship with coping strategies. Actas Esp. Psiquiatr. 39, 226-235
43. Klonsky, E. D. (2007). The functions of deliberate self-injury: a review of the evidence. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 27, 226-239. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002
44. Klonsky, E. D. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychol. Med. 41, 1981-1986. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710002497
45. Klonsky, E. D., and Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2007). Self-injury: a research review for the practitioner. J. Clin. Psychol. 63, 1045-1056. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20412
46. Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F., and Turkheimer, E. (2003). Deliberate self-harm in a nonclinical population: prevalence and psychological correlates. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 1501-1508. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501
47. Kuentzel, J. G., Arble, E., Boutros, N., Chugani, D., and Barnett, D. (2012). Nonsuicidal self-injury in an ethnically diverse college sample. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 82, 291-297. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01167.x
48. Laye-Gindhu, A., and Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: understanding the whats and whys of self-harm. J. Youth Adolesc. 34, 447-457. doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-7262-z
49. Lengel, G. J., and Mullins-Sweatt, S. N. (2013). Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: clinician and expert ratings. Psychiatry Res. 210, 940-944. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.047
50. Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., et al. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Br. Med. J. 339:b2700. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2700
51. Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Perrine, N., Dierker, L., and Kelley, M. L. (2007). Characteristics and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in a community sample of adolescents. Psychol. Med. 37, 1183-1192. doi: 10.1017/S003329170700027X
52. Menninger, K. (1938). Man Against Himself. New York, NY: Harcourt and Brace
53. Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2005). Self-injurious behavior as a separate clinical syndrome. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 75, 324-333. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.324
54. Muehlenkamp, J. J., Brausch, A., Quigley, K., and Whitlock, J. (2013). Interpersonal features and functions of nonsuicidal self-injury. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 2013, 43-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00128.x
55. Muehlenkamp, J. J., Claes, L., Havertape, L., and Plener, P. L. (2012). International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health 6, 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-6-10
56. Muehlenkamp, J. J., and Gutierrez, P. M. (2007). Risk for suicide attempts among adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-injury. Arch. Suicide Res. 11, 69-82. doi: 10.1080/13811110600992902
57. Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 6, 339-363. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258
58. Nock, M. K., Joiner, T. E., Gordon, K. H., Lloyd-Richardson, E., and Prinstein, M. J. (2006). Nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents: diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts. Psychiatry Res. 144, 65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.05.010
59. Nock, M. K., and Prinstein, M. J. (2004). A functional approach to the assessment of self mutilative behavior. J. Clin. Consult. Psychol. 72, 885-890. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.885
60. Paivio, S. C., and McCulloch, C. R. (2004). Alexithymia as a mediator between childhood trauma and self-injurious behaviours. Child Abuse Negl. 28, 339-354. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.11.018
61. Pao, P. (1969). The syndrome of delicate self cutting. Br. J. Med. Psychol. 42, 213-221. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1969.tb02071.x
62. Pattison, E. M., and Kahan, J. (1983). The deliberate self-harm syndrome. Am. J. Psychiatry 140, 867-872. doi: 10.1176/ajp.140.7.867
63. Plener, P. L., Libal, G., Keller, F., Fegert, J. M., and Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2009). An international comparison of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts: Germany and the USA. Psychol. Med. 39, 1549-1558. doi: 10.1017/S0033291708005114
64. Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kraemer, H. C., Kuramoto, S. J., Kuhl, E. A., et al. (2013). DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, part II: test-retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses. Am. J. Psychiatry 170, 59-70. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070999
65. Rosenthal, R., Rinzler, C., Wallsch, R., and Klausner, E. (1972). Wrist-cutting syndrome: the meaning of a gesture. Am. J. Psychiatry 128, 1363-1368. doi: 10.1176/ajp.128.11.1363
66. Ross, S., and Heath, N. (2002). A study of the frequency of self-mutilation in a community sample of adolescents. J. Youth Adolesc. 31, 67-77. doi: 10.1023/A:1014089117419
67. Selby, E. A., Bender, T. W., Gordon, K. H., Nock, M. K., and Joiner, T. E. (2012). Non-suicidal selfinjury (NSSI) disorder: a preliminary study. Personal. Disord. 3, 167-175. doi: 10.1037/a0024405
68. Selby, E. A., Kranzler, A., Fehling, K. B., and Panza, E. (2015). Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: the path to diagnostic validity and final obstacles. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 38, 79-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.03.003
69. Shaffer, D., and Jacobson, C. (2009). Proposal to the DSM-V Childhood Disorder and Mood Disorder Work Groups to Include Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) as a DSM-V disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
70. Simeon, D., and Favazza, A. R. (2001). "Self-injurious behaviors: Phenomenology and assessment," in Self-Injurious Behaviors: Assessment and Treatment, eds D. Simeon and E. Hollander (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing), 1-28
71. Sornberger, M. J., Heath, N. L., Toste, J. R., and McLouth, R. (2012). Nonsuicidal self-injury and gender: patterns of prevalence, methods, and locations among adolescents. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 42, 266-278. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.0088.x
72. Suyemoto, K. L. (1998). The functions of self-mutilation. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 18, 531-554. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00105-0
73. Suyemoto, K. L., and MacDonald, M. L. (1995). Self-cutting in female adolescents. Psychotherapy 32, 162-171. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.32.1.162
74. Swannell, S. V., Martin, G. E., Page, A., Hasking, P., and St John, M. J. (2014). Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 44, 273-303. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12070
75. Tang, J., Yang, W., Ahmed, N. I., Ma, Y., Liu, H., Wang, J., et al. (2016). Stressful life events as a predictor for nonsuicidal self-injury in southern Chinese adolescence. Medicine 95:e2637. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002637
76. Tantam, D., and Whittaker, J. (1992). Personality disorder and self-wounding. Br. J. Psychiatry 161, 451-464. doi: 10.1192/bjp.161.4.451
77. Turner, B. J., Chapman, A. L., and Layden, B. K. (2012). Intrapersonal and interpersonal functions of non-suicidal self-injury: associations with emotional and social functioning. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 42, 36-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00069.x
78. Turner, B. J., Cobb, R. J., Gratz, K. L., and Chapman, A. L. (2016). The role of interpersonal conflict and perceived social support in nonsuicidal self-injury in daily life. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 125, 588-598. doi: 10.1037/abn0000141
79. Turner, B. J., Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Austin, S. B., Rodriguez, M. A., Rosenthal, M. Z., and Chapman, A. L. (2015). Non-suicidal self-injury with and without borderline personality disorder: differences in self-injury and diagnostic comorbidity. Psychiatry Res. 230, 28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.058
80. Wan, Y., Chen, J., Sun, Y., and Tao, F. B. (2015). Impact of childhood abuse on the risk of non-suicidal self-injury in mainland Chinese adolescents. PLoS ONE 10:e0131239. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.013123
81. Washburn, J. J., Potthoff, L. M., Juzwin, K. R., and Styer, D. M. (2015). Assessing DSM-5 nonsuicidal self-injury disorder in a clinical sample. Psychol. Assess. 27, 31-41. doi: 10.1037/pas0000021
82. Whitlock, J., Eckenrode, J., and Silverman, D. (2006). Self-injurious behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics 117, 1939-1948. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2543
83. Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J. J., Purington, A., Eckenrode, J., Barreira, J., Abrams, G. B., et al. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in a college population: general trends and sex differences. J. Am. College Health 59, 691-698. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2010.529626
84. Wilkinson, P., and Goodyer, I. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 20, 103-108. doi: 10.1007/s00787-010-0156-y
85. Yates, T. M., Tracy, A. J., and Luthar, S. S. (2008). Nonsuicidal self-injury among "privileged" youths: longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches to developmental process. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 76, 52-62. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.52
86. Zetterqvist, M., Lundh, L. G., Dahlström, ö., and Svedin, C. G. (2013). Prevalence and function of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a community sample of adolescents, using suggested DSM-5 criteria for a potential NSSI disorder. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 41, 759-773. doi: 10.1007/s10802-013-9712-5
87. Zoroglu, S. S., Tuzun, U., Sar, V., Tutkun, H., Savaçs, H. A., Ozturk, M., et al. (2003). Suicide attempt and self-mutilation among Turkish high school students in relation with abuse, neglect and dissociation. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 57, 119-126. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2003.01088.x