Boarding-Out and the Scottish Poor Law, 1845-1914

Scottish Historical Review

Volumn 75, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 197-220

  Macdonald, Helen J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85033334507     PISSN: 00369241     EISSN: 17500222     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3366/shr.1996.75.2.197     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. M. A. Crowther, 'Poverty, health and welfare', in People and Society in Scotland, vol. 111: 1830-1914, ed. T. M. Devine and R. Mitchison (Edinburgh, 1990);
2. I. Levitt, Poverty and Welfare in Scotland, 1890-1948 (Edinburgh, 1988);
3. A. Paterson, 'The Poor Law in nineteenth-century Scotland', in The New Poor Law in the Nineteenth Century, ed. D. Fraser (London, 1976).
4. W. A. Black, A Handbook of Scottish Parochial Law other than Ecclesiastical (Edinburgh, 1893);
5. M. A. Crowther, 'Family responsibility and State responsibility in Britain before the Welfare State', Historical Journal, xxv (1981).
6. H. Cunningham, The Children of the Poor (London, 1991);
7. J. Davis, Youth and the Condition of Britain (London, 1990);
8. H. Hendrick, Child Welfare: England 1870-1989 (London, 1994);
9. I. Pinchbeck and M. Hewitt, Children in English Society, ii (London, 1974);
10. L. Rose, The Erosion of Childhood (London, 1991);
11. J. Walvin, A Child's World (London, 1982).
12. W. Anderson, Children Rescued from Pauperism (Edinburgh, 1871)
13. J. Skelton, The Boarding-Out of Pauper Children in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1876).
14. T. Ferguson, The Dawn of Scottish Social Welfare (London, 1948), 288.
15. 'Cottage homes for poor children', Poor Law Magazine (Scotland), ii (1868-9), 612.
16. 7th Annual Report of the Board of Supervision for Scotland 1852: cited in Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress, 1910 (Scottish Evidence), Parliamentary Papers [PP] 1910 (Cd. 4978), XLVI, p. 47.
17. See also I. Levitt, Government and Social Conditions in Scotland, 1845-1919 (Edinburgh, 1988) p. xxxiv.
18. Quoted by Ewan Macpherson in the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws, 1910 (Scottish Evidence), PP 1910 (Cd. 4978), XLVI, p. 11.
19. R. Gaffney, 'Poor Law hospitals, 1845-1914' in Health Care as Social History: The Glasgow Case, ed. O. Checkland and M. Lamb (Aberdeen, 1982);
20. Improving the Common Weal: Aspects of Scottish Health Services, 1900-1984, ed. G. Mclachlan (Edinburgh, 1987).
21. E.g., F. Peeks, 'Hereditary pauperism and pauper education', Contemporary Review, xxxi(1877).
22. On illegitimacy in Scotland see A. Blaikie, Illegitimacy, Sex and Society in Northeast Scotland, 1750-1900 (Oxford, 1993).
23. Report from the Select Committee on the Poor Law (Scotland), 1868, PP 1868-9, I X, p. 198.
24. Ferguson, Dawn of Scottish Social Welfare, 287.
25. E.g. Report of the Select Committee on Criminal and Destitute Children, 1852-53, PP 1852-3 (674), XXIII.
26. See also M. May, 'Innocence and Experience', Victorian Studies, xciii(1973).
27. L. Mahood, Policing Gender, Class and Family in Britain, 1850-1940 (London, 1995).
28. Glasgow, Strathclyde Regional Archives [SRA], DCH25 (6), Barony Parochial Board Children's Committee Minutes, 14 May 1894, p. 101.
29. Levitt, Poverty and Welfare, 32-3.
30. A. Allen and A. Morton, This is Your Child: The Story of the NSPCC (London, 1961);
31. G. Behlmer, Child Abuse and Moral Reform in England, 1870-1908 (Stanford, 1982);
32. L. Housden, The Prevention of Cruelty to Children (London, 1955).
33. The work of Scottish societies has received less attention, although the main developments are charted in B. Ashley, A Stone on the Mantelpiece: A Century of the RSSPCC (Edinburgh, 1985).
34. E.g., J. Parr, Labouring Children (London, 1988);
35. G. Wagner, Barnardo (London, 1979);
36. A. E. Williams, Barnardo of Stepney: The Father of Nobody's Children (5th edn., London, 1953);
37. W. T. Stead, 'Is philanthropic abduction ever justified?', Night and Day (November 1885).
38. 'The case of Delaney's children', Poor Law Magazine (1893), 12.
39. Custody of Children Act, 1891, 54 Victoria, c. 3.
40. 'Children separated from their parents by authority of the parish council', Poor Law Magazine, xiii (1903), 523.
41. J. R. Motion, 'Children and the Poor Law: a lecture delivered to Glasgow School of Social Study', Poor Law Magazine (1914), 180.
42. C. T. Parsons, 'Report on the Condition of Children who are in Receipt of Various Forms of Poor Relief in Certain Parishes in Scodand', in Royal Commission on the Poor Laws, 1910, PP 1910 (Cd. 5075), LII, goes into this in greater detail.
43. W. A. Peterkin, 'Report on the System in Scotland of Boarding-Out Pauper Children in Private Dwellings, 1893';
44. reprinted in 48th Annual Report of the Board of Supervision for Scotland, PP 1893-4 (C. 7140), XLIV, Appendix A, no. 6, p. 56.
45. Evidence of A. Murray to the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws, 1910 (Scottish evidence), PP 1910 (Cd. 4978), XLVI, Appendix VI, p. 47.
46. See 'Report by Dr John Macpherson on the Glasgow Parish Council children boarded-out on Iona', in 17th Annual Report of the Local Government Board for Scotland, PP 1912 (Cd. 6192), XXXVII, Appendix A, no. 7.
47. SRA, DHEW1/4/3, Annual Report by the Inspector of Poor to Glasgow Parish Council (November, 1903), p. 42.
48. H.J. Macdonald, 'Children Under the Care of the Scottish Poor Law, 1880-1929' (Glasgow University PhD thesis, 1995).
49. The schedule is printed in 19th Annual Report of the Local Government Board for Scotland, 1913, PP 1914 (Cd. 7372), X I, p. xv.
50. Aberdeen City Archives, 22/2/8, Aberdeen Parish Council Minutes, 13 Jan. 1914.
51. E.g. 'For their own good', The Scotsman Weekender, 23 Feb. 1991.
52. K. McNeilly, 'Public Provision for the Poor in Glasgow, 1890-1914' (Glasgow College [now Caledonian University] M.Phil, thesis, 1986).
53. SRA, DHEW1/14/4, Half-yearly report of the Glasgow Inspector of Poor and Clerk to Glasgow parish council, November 1914, p. 39.
54. F. Duke, 'Pauper education' in The New Poor Law in the Nineteenth Century, ed. D. Fraser (London, 1976);
55. S. Oberman, 'The Education of Children in Poor Law Institutions in England and Wales' (Queen's University, Belfast, PhD thesis, 1983);
56. A. M. Ross, 'The Care and Education of Pauper Children in England and Wales, 1834-1896' (University of London PhD thesis, 1956).
57. Quoted by Pinchbeck and Hewitt, Children in English Society, ii, 501-2.
58. M. A. Crowther, The Workhouse System, 1834-1929: The History of an English Social Institution (London, 1981), 201-7.
59. F. Driver, Power and Pauperism (Cambridge, 1993), 97.
60. Report of the Royal Commission on the Education of Neglected Children, 1861, PP 1861, XXI.
61. W. L. Hall, Boarding-Out as a Method of Pauper Education (London, 1887);
62. C. W. Grant, The Advantages of the Boarding-Out System (London, 1869);
63. W. P. Trevelyan, Boarding Out (London, 1895).
64. V. George, Foster Care (London, 1970), 11.
65. H. Fawcett, Pauperism: Its Causes and Remedies (London, 1871).
66. This passage is quoted in The Charity Organisation Reporter, 6 Jul. 1882, 205.
67. Report by J. J. Henley on the Boarding-Out of Pauper Children in Scotland and in Certain Unions in England, 1869, PP 1870 (C. 176), LVIII.
68. See J. Eckebaar and R. Dingwall, The Reform of Child Care Law: A Practical Guide to the Children Act 1989 (London, 1990);
69. N. Parton, The Politics of Child Abuse (London, 1985).
70. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 3rd ser., 315 (1887), cols. 856-7.
71. Report of the Select Committee on Poor Relief, 1888, PP 1888 (C. 363), XV.
72. Poor Law Act 1889, 52&53 Victoria, c. 56.
73. Poor Law Act 1899, 62 & 63 Victoria, c. 37.
74. Observations on the Report by Mrs Nassau Senior as to the Effects on Girls of the System of Education at Pauper Schools, 1874, PP 1875, LXIII.
75. Report of the Departmental Committee on the Education and Maintenance of Pauper Children in the Metropolis, 1896, PP 1896, XLIII.
76. F. D. Hill, 'The system of boarding-out pauper children' The Economic Journal, iii (1893), 72.
77. The homes were regarded with some scepticism in Scotland. See, e.g., 'Upbringing of pauper children in Scotland', Poor Law Magazine, viii (1880), 459.
78. Hendrick, Child Welfare, 76.
79. London, Public Record Office, Ministry of Health Files, MH57/46, Memorandum on Article IV: Poor Law Institutions Order, 1913.
80. See S. Dawkins, 'Perspectives of Childhood: Marianne Mason, Inspector of Boarded-Out Children' (University of Bristol MA thesis, 1980).
81. The Order is reprinted in the Poor Law Officers' Journal, The Law Relating to the Relief of the Poor (London, 1927).
82. The Boarding-Out Order, 1911', Circular Letter, 16 October, 1911;
83. reprinted in The Law Relating to the Relief of the Poor, 152.
84. Report of Miss M. Mason, in 23rd Annual Report of the Local Government Board, 1893-94, PP 1894 (C. 7500), XXXVIII, Appendix B, no. 48, p. 166.
85. Report of Miss M. Mason, in 25th Annual Report of the Local Government Board, 1895-96, PP 1896 (C. 8212), XXXVI, Appendix B, no. 47, p. 232.
86. Report of Miss M. Mason, in 30th Annual Report of the Local Government Board, 1900-01, PP 1901 (Cd. 746), X X V, Appendix B, no. 50, p. 186.