Cadmium in food - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

EFSA Journal

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2009, Pages

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

beta 2 microglobulin; biomarkers; cadmium; consumption; exposure; food; occurrence; risk assessment; tolerable weekly intake

Indexed keywords

EID: 85028385324     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18314732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.980     Document Type: Note

References (20)

1. Catchpole O.J., Tallon S.J., Grey J.B., Fenton K., Fletcher K., Fletcher A.J. (2007). Extraction of Lipids from Aqueous Protein-Rich Streams using Near-Critical Dimethyl ether; Chemical Engeneering and Technology, 30, 501–510.
2. CIVO (1974). Report No. R4520. Acute inhalation toxicity study with dimethyl ether in rats. Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek. Utrechtseweg 48, Zeist.
3. CIVO (1976). Report No. 5004. Sub-acute (four weeks) inhalation toxicity study with dimethyl ether in rats. Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek. Utrechtseweg 48, Zeist.
4. CIVO (1978a). Report No. R5293. Evaluation of dimethyl ether in the Salmonella/microsome mutagencity test (final report). Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek. Utrechtseweg 48, Zeist.
5. CIVO (1978b). Report No. 5717. Sub-chronic (13-week) inhalation toxicity study with dimethyl ether in rats. Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek. Utrechtseweg 48, Zeist.
6. CIVO (1981). Report No. V81.064/200753/200754. Inhalation embryotoxicity/teratogenicity studies with dimethyl ether in rats. Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek. P.O. Box 360. 3700 AJ Zeist. Netherlands.
7. CIVO (1983a). Report No. V 83.263/201323. Inhalation toxicity studies of dimethyl ether: 4-week study in hamsters and a 13-week study in hamsters and rats. Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek. P.O. Box 360. 3700 AJ Zeist. Netherlands.
8. CIVO (1983b). Report No. V 82.331/220863. Evaluation of embriotoxicity and teratogenicity studies with dimethyl ether (DME) in rats as carried out in two different laboratories. Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek. P.O. Box 360. 3700 AJ Zeist. Netherlands.
9. Du Pont Co. (1986). Report No. 198-86. Unpublished Data, Haskell Laboratory.
10. EC (2000). Commission Directive 2000/39/EC of 8 June 2000 establishing a first list of indicative occupational exposure limit values in implementation of Council Directive 98/24/EC on the production of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work. OJ L142, 16.6.2000, p. 47.
11. EC (2006). Commission decision of 9 February 2006 amending Decision 96/335/EC establishing an inventory and a common nomenclature of ingredients employed in cosmetic products. OJ L97, 5.4.2006, p. 1.
12. Haskell (1981). Dimethyl ether (DME): embryo-fetal toxicity and teratogenicity study in the rat. Report number 459-81. Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine. Central Research and Development Department. Elkton Road. Newark, Delaware 19711.
13. ICSC (2002). International chemical safety cards. Dimethyl ether. ICSC 0454. www.who.int/ipcs/publications/icsc/en/index.html last visited 1 March 2009.
14. IUCLID (2000). International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD-ROM edition. European Commission. European Chemicals Bureau.
15. Kemper F.H. and Eckard R. (1978). Massenfragmentographische Untersuchungen zum pharmakokinetischen Verhalten und zur Organverteilung von Dimethyläther (DME). Universitat Münster.
16. Lucht (1985). Publikatierreks Lucht 42. Dimethyl ether. A report on examination concerning the safety and environmental aspects of it use as propellant. Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubveheer. Directie Lucht (1985)
17. Pepelko, W. E. (1987). Feasibility of route extrapolation in risk assessment. Br J Ind Med; 44: 649–651.
18. Rennen, M.A.J.; Bouwman, T; Wilschut, A.; Bessems, J.G.M and De Heer, C. (2004). Oral-to-inhalation route extrapolation in occupational health risk assessment: a critical assessment. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 39, Issue 1, Pages 5–11.
19. RIVM (1981). Rijksinstituut voor de Volksgezondheid Bilthoven. Rapport nr: 627909001. Onderzoek naar de genotoxiciteit van dimethylether in vier kortdurende testen.
20. TGD (2003). Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for new notified substances, Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for existing substances, Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market (2nd edition). European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Chemicals Bureau (ECB), Ispra, Italy. ecb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/tgd/ last visited 1 March 2009.