메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 87-101

Using Exploratory Factor Analysis to Determine the Dimensionality of Discrete Responses

Author keywords

discrete data; exploratory factor analysis; robust maximum likelihood estimation; weighted least squares estimation

Indexed keywords

LEAST SQUARES APPROXIMATIONS; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; MEAN SQUARE ERROR; MULTIVARIANT ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL TESTS;

EID: 85028145111     PISSN: 10705511     EISSN: 15328007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2014.934850     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (123)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 85028154183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • & Muthén, B., Simple second order chi-square correction. Mplus Technical Appendix. Retrieved from
    • Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2010). Simple second order chi-square correction. Mplus Technical Appendix. Retrieved from http://statmodel.com/download/WLSMV_new_chi21.pdf
    • (2010)
    • Asparouhov, T.1
  • 2
    • 85028164740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muthén, M., & Muthén, B., Robust chi square difference testing with mean and variance adjusted test statistics. Mplus Web Notes. Retrieved from
    • Asparouhov, T., Muthén, M., & Muthén, B. (2006). Robust chi square difference testing with mean and variance adjusted test statistics. Mplus Web Notes. Retrieved from http://www.statmodel.com/download/webnotes/webnote.pdf
    • (2006)
    • Asparouhov, T.1
  • 3
    • 0038298580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the generalizability of factors: The influence of changing contexts of variables on different methods of factor extraction
    • Beauducel, A. (2001). On the generalizability of factors: The influence of changing contexts of variables on different methods of factor extraction. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 6, 1–28.
    • (2001) Methods of Psychological Research Online , vol.6 , pp. 1-28
    • Beauducel, A.1
  • 4
    • 33744523182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the performance of maximum likelihood versus means and variance adjusted weighted least square estimation in confirmatory factor analysis
    • Beauducel, A., & Herzberg, P. (2006). On the performance of maximum likelihood versus means and variance adjusted weighted least square estimation in confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 186–203.
    • (2006) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.13 , pp. 186-203
    • Beauducel, A.1    Herzberg, P.2
  • 5
    • 0037279420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of weak common factors by maximum likelihood and ordinary least squares estimation
    • Briggs, N. E., & MacCallum, R. C. (2003). Recovery of weak common factors by maximum likelihood and ordinary least squares estimation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 38, 25–56.
    • (2003) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.38 , pp. 25-56
    • Briggs, N.E.1    MacCallum, R.C.2
  • 6
    • 0002490751 scopus 로고
    • Covariance structures
    • Hawkins D. M., (ed), In, ed., pp., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Browne, M. W. (1982). Covariance structures. In Topics in applied multivariate analysis, ed. D. M. Hawkins (pp. 72–141). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1982) Topics in applied multivariate analysis , pp. 72-141
    • Browne, M.W.1
  • 7
    • 85004870441 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotically distribution-free methods in the analysis of covariance structures
    • Browne, M. W. (1984). Asymptotically distribution-free methods in the analysis of covariance structures. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 37, 62–83.
    • (1984) British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 62-83
    • Browne, M.W.1
  • 9
    • 0037262421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review and evaluation of exploratory factor analysis practices in organizational research
    • Conway, J. M., & Huffcutt, A. I. (2003). A review and evaluation of exploratory factor analysis practices in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 6, 147–168.
    • (2003) Organizational Research Methods , vol.6 , pp. 147-168
    • Conway, J.M.1    Huffcutt, A.I.2
  • 10
    • 85004857877 scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis of variables with 2, 3, 5 and 7 response categories: A comparison of categorical variable estimators using simulated data
    • Dolan, C. V. (1994). Factor analysis of variables with 2, 3, 5 and 7 response categories: A comparison of categorical variable estimators using simulated data. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 47, 309–326.
    • (1994) British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 309-326
    • Dolan, C.V.1
  • 11
    • 0039620968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research
    • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4, 272–299.
    • (1999) Psychological Methods , vol.4 , pp. 272-299
    • Fabrigar, L.R.1    Wegener, D.T.2    MacCallum, R.C.3    Strahan, E.J.4
  • 12
    • 10844245499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data
    • Flora, D. B., & Curran, P.J. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9, 466–491.
    • (2004) Psychological Methods , vol.9 , pp. 466-491
    • Flora, D.B.1    Curran, P.J.2
  • 13
    • 34548060110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the likelihood ratio test for the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis
    • Hayashi, K., Bentler, P. M., & Yuan, K. H. (2007). On the likelihood ratio test for the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 505–526.
    • (2007) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.14 , pp. 505-526
    • Hayashi, K.1    Bentler, P.M.2    Yuan, K.H.3
  • 14
    • 72749123769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables
    • Holgado-Tello, F. P., Chacón-Moscoso, S., Barbero-García, I., & Vila-Abad, E. (2010). Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. Quality and Quantity, 44, 153–166.
    • (2010) Quality and Quantity , vol.44 , pp. 153-166
    • Holgado-Tello, F.P.1    Chacón-Moscoso, S.2    Barbero-García, I.3    Vila-Abad, E.4
  • 16
    • 67650706330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
    • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
    • (1999) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.6 , pp. 1-55
    • Hu, L.T.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 17
    • 0021025292 scopus 로고
    • Ordinal measures in multiple indicator models: A simulation study of categorization error
    • Johnson, D. R., & Creech, J. C. (1983). Ordinal measures in multiple indicator models: A simulation study of categorization error. American Sociological Review, 48, 398–407.
    • (1983) American Sociological Review , vol.48 , pp. 398-407
    • Johnson, D.R.1    Creech, J.C.2
  • 18
    • 0035540910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis of ordinal variables: A comparison of three approaches
    • Jöreskog, K. G., & Moustaki, I. (2001). Factor analysis of ordinal variables: A comparison of three approaches. Mulitvariate Behavioral Research, 36, 347–387.
    • (2001) Mulitvariate Behavioral Research , vol.36 , pp. 347-387
    • Jöreskog, K.G.1    Moustaki, I.2
  • 20
    • 0013118140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling
    • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130–149.
    • (1996) Psychological Methods , vol.1 , pp. 130-149
    • MacCallum, R.C.1    Browne, M.W.2    Sugawara, H.M.3
  • 23
    • 3042808205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralising Hu & Bentler’s (1999) findings
    • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralising Hu & Bentler’s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 320–341.
    • (2004) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.11 , pp. 320-341
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Hau, K.T.2    Wen, Z.3
  • 24
    • 85028132142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muthén, B. O. (1998–2004). Mplus technical appendices. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. Retrieved from http://statmodel.com/download/techappen.pdf
    • (1998)
    • Muthén, B.O.1
  • 25
    • 0003291159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust inference using weighted least squares and quadratic estimating equations in latent variable modeling with categorical and continuous outcomes
    • Muthén, B., du Toit, S. H., & Spisic, D. (1997). Robust inference using weighted least squares and quadratic estimating equations in latent variable modeling with categorical and continuous outcomes. Psychometrika, 75, 1–45.
    • (1997) Psychometrika , vol.75 , pp. 1-45
    • Muthén, B.1    du Toit, S.H.2    Spisic, D.3
  • 26
    • 85004907578 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables
    • Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38, 171–189.
    • (1985) British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 171-189
    • Muthén, B.1    Kaplan, D.2
  • 27
    • 85004908574 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables: A note on the size of the model
    • Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1992). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables: A note on the size of the model. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 45, 19–30.
    • (1992) British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 19-30
    • Muthén, B.1    Kaplan, D.2
  • 29
    • 2442488490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two equivalent discrepancy functions for maximum likelihood estimation: Do their test statistics follow a non-central chi-square distribution under model misspecification?
    • Olsson, U. H., Foss, T., & Breivik, E. (2004). Two equivalent discrepancy functions for maximum likelihood estimation: Do their test statistics follow a non-central chi-square distribution under model misspecification? Sociological Methods Research, 32, 453–500.
    • (2004) Sociological Methods Research , vol.32 , pp. 453-500
    • Olsson, U.H.1    Foss, T.2    Breivik, E.3
  • 30
    • 0033240043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretic fit and empirical fit: The performance of maximum likelihood versus generalized least squares estimation in structural equation modeling
    • Olsson, U. H., Troye, S. V., & Howell, R. D. (1999). Theoretic fit and empirical fit: The performance of maximum likelihood versus generalized least squares estimation in structural equation modeling. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 34, 31–58.
    • (1999) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.34 , pp. 31-58
    • Olsson, U.H.1    Troye, S.V.2    Howell, R.D.3
  • 31
    • 0142168273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repairing Tom Swift’s electric factor analysis machine
    • Preacher, K. J., & MacCallum, R. C. (2003). Repairing Tom Swift’s electric factor analysis machine. Understanding Statistics, 2, 13–32.
    • (2003) Understanding Statistics , vol.2 , pp. 13-32
    • Preacher, K.J.1    MacCallum, R.C.2
  • 32
    • 84873019824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions
    • Rhemtulla, M., Brosseau-Liard, P., & Savalei, V. (2012). When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 354.
    • (2012) Psychological Methods , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 354
    • Rhemtulla, M.1    Brosseau-Liard, P.2    Savalei, V.3
  • 33
    • 0000303332 scopus 로고
    • The performance of the polychoric correlation coefficient and selected fitting functions in confirmatory factor analysis with discrete data
    • Rigdon, E. E., & Ferguson, C. E. (1991). The performance of the polychoric correlation coefficient and selected fitting functions in confirmatory factor analysis with discrete data. Journal of Marketing Research, 28, 491–497.
    • (1991) Journal of Marketing Research , vol.28 , pp. 491-497
    • Rigdon, E.E.1    Ferguson, C.E.2
  • 34
    • 0003217529 scopus 로고
    • Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis
    • von Eye A., Clogg C. C., (eds), In, Eds., pp., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research (pp. 399–419). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research , pp. 399-419
    • Satorra, A.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 35
    • 0035543521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis
    • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507–514.
    • (2001) Psychometrika , vol.66 , pp. 507-514
    • Satorra, A.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 36
    • 77953688621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic
    • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2010). Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic. Psychometrika, 75, 243–248.
    • (2010) Psychometrika , vol.75 , pp. 243-248
    • Satorra, A.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 37
    • 33749397397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for “optimal” cut-off properties: Fit index criteria in structural equation modeling
    • Sivo, S. A., Fan, X., Witta, E. L., & Willse, J. T. (2006). The search for “optimal” cut-off properties: Fit index criteria in structural equation modeling. Journal of Experimental Education, 74, 267–288.
    • (2006) Journal of Experimental Education , vol.74 , pp. 267-288
    • Sivo, S.A.1    Fan, X.2    Witta, E.L.3    Willse, J.T.4
  • 38
    • 2442447448 scopus 로고
    • On the multivariate asymptotic distribution of sequential chi-square statistics
    • Steiger, J. H., Shapiro, A., & Browne, M. W. (1985). On the multivariate asymptotic distribution of sequential chi-square statistics. Psychometrika, 50, 253–264.
    • (1985) Psychometrika , vol.50 , pp. 253-264
    • Steiger, J.H.1    Shapiro, A.2    Browne, M.W.3
  • 39
    • 79958850177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale construction and evaluation in practice: A review of factor analysis versus item response theory
    • Ten Holt, J. C., van Duijn, M. A. J., & Boomsma, A. (2010). Scale construction and evaluation in practice: A review of factor analysis versus item response theory. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 52, 272–297.
    • (2010) Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling , vol.52 , pp. 272-297
    • Ten Holt, J.C.1    van Duijn, M.A.J.2    Boomsma, A.3
  • 40
    • 34247192112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Item factor analysis: Current approaches and future directions
    • Wirth, R. J., & Edwards, M. C. (2007). Item factor analysis: Current approaches and future directions. Psychological Methods, 12, 58–79.
    • (2007) Psychological Methods , vol.12 , pp. 58-79
    • Wirth, R.J.1    Edwards, M.C.2
  • 41
    • 77954442639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables with misspecified models
    • Yang-Wallentin, F., Jöreskog, K. G., & Luo, H. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables with misspecified models. Structural Equation Modeling, 17, 392–423.
    • (2010) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.17 , pp. 392-423
    • Yang-Wallentin, F.1    Jöreskog, K.G.2    Luo, H.3
  • 44
    • 0034555721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three likelihood-based methods for mean and covariance structure analysis with nonnormal missing data
    • Sobel M. E., Becker M. P., (eds), In, Eds., pp., Washington, DC: ASA
    • Yuan, K. H., & Bentler, P. M. (2000). Three likelihood-based methods for mean and covariance structure analysis with nonnormal missing data. In M. E. Sobel & M. P. Becker (Eds.), Sociological methodology 2000 (pp. 165–200). Washington, DC: ASA.
    • (2000) Sociological methodology 2000 , pp. 165-200
    • Yuan, K.H.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 45
    • 0033147639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional covariance structure of generalized compensatory multidimensional items
    • Zhang, J., & Stout, W. F. (1999). Conditional covariance structure of generalized compensatory multidimensional items. Psychometrika, 64, 129–152.
    • (1999) Psychometrika , vol.64 , pp. 129-152
    • Zhang, J.1    Stout, W.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.