Blastocladiomycota

Systematics and Evolution: Part A: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 178-207

  James, Timothy Y ^a   Porter, Teresita M ^b,c   Martin, W Wallace ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d RANDOLPH MACON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85028040933     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55318-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (181)

1. Barner HD, Cantino EC (1952) Nutritional relationships in a new species of Blastocladiella. Am J Bot 39:746-751.
2. Barr DJS, Hartmann VE (1976) Zoospore ultrastructure of three Chytridium species and Rhizoclosmatium globosum. Can J Bot 54:2000-2013.
3. Barstow WE, Lovett JS (1975) Formation of gammaparticles during zoosporogenesis in Blastocladiella emersonii. Mycologia 67:518-529.
4. Barstow WE, Pommerville J (1980) The ultrastructure of cell wall formation and of gamma-particles during encystment of Allomyces macrogynus zoospores. Arch Microbiol 128:179-189.
5. Bendich AJ (1993) Reaching for the ring: the study of mitochondrial genome structure. Curr Genet 24:279-290.
6. Bendich AJ (1996) Structural analysis of mitochondrial DNA molecules from Fungi and Plants using moving pictures and pulsed-field gel elctrophoresis. J Mol Biol 255:564-588.
7. Bendich AJ (2010) The end of the circle for yeast mitochondrial DNA. Mol Cell 39:831-832.
8. Bland CE (1985) Culture. In: Couch JN, Bland CE (eds) The genus Coelomomyces. Academic, Orlando, FL, pp 349-359.
9. Borkhardt B, Delius H (1983) Physical map of the mitochondrial DNA from the phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus including the position of the ribosomal RNA genes and of an intervening sequence in the large rRNA gene. Curr Genet 7:327-333.
10. Borkhardt B, Olson LW (1979) Meiotic prophase in diploid and tetraploid strains of Allomyces macrogynus. Protoplasma 100:323-343.
11. Borkhardt B, Olson LW (1986) The mitochondrial genome of the aquatic phycomycete Blastocladiella emersonii. Curr Genet 11:139-143.
12. Borkhardt B, Brown TA, Thim P, Olson LW (1988) The mitochondrial genome of the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus. Physical mapping and mitochondrial DNA instability. Curr Genet 13:41-47.
13. Bowman BH, Taylor JW, Brownlee AG, Lee J, Lu SD, White TJ (1992) Molecular evolution of the fungi-relationship of the Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Chytridiomycetes. Mol Biol Evol 9:285-296.
14. Brasier CM (2001) Rapid evolution of introduced plant pathogens via interspecific hybridization. Bioscience 51:123-133.
15. Brown MW, Spiegel FW, Silberman JD (2009) Phylogeny of the "forgotten" cellular slime mold, Fonticula alba, reveals a key evolutionary branch within Opisthokonta. Mol Biol Evol 26:2699-2709.
16. Bruns TD, White TJ, Taylor JW (1991) Fungal molecular systematics. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 22:525-564.
17. Bruns TD, Vilgalys R, Barns SM, Gonzalez D, Hibbett DS, Lane DJ, Simon L, Stickel S, Szaro TM, Weisburg WG, Sogin ML (1992) Evolutionary relationships within the Fungi: analyses of nuclear small subunit rRNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 1:231-241.
18. Bullerwell CE, Forget L, Lang BF (2003) Evolution of monoblepharidalean fungi based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 31:1614-1623.
19. Burger G, Forget L, Zhu Y, Gray MW, Lang BF (2003) Unique mitochondrial genome architecture in unicellular relatives of animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:892-897.
20. Butler EJ (1911) On Allomyces, a new aquatic fungus. Ann Bot 25:1023-1035.
21. Cai L, Giraud T, Zhang N, Begerow D, Cai GH, Shivas RG (2011) The evolution of species concepts and species recognition criteria in plant pathogenic fungi. Fungal Divers 50:121-133.
22. Cantino EC (1956) The relation between cellular metabolism and morphogenesis in Blastocladiella. Mycologia 48:225-240.
23. Cantino EC, Horenstein EA (1954) Cytoplasmic exchange without gametic copulation in the water mold Blastocladiella emersonii. Am Nat 88:143-154.
24. Cantino EC, Hyatt MT (1953) Phenotypic "sex" determination in the life history of a new species of Blastocladiella, B emersonii. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 19:25-70.
25. Cantino EC, Truesdell LC (1970) Organization and fine structure of side body and its lipid sac in zoospore of Blastocladiella emersonii. Mycologia 62:548-567.
26. Cantino EC, Truesdell LC (1971) Cytoplasmic gammalike particles and other ultrastructural aspects of zoospores of Blastocladiella britannica. Trans Br Mycol Soc 56:169-179.
27. Cantino EC, Turian GF (1959) Physiology and development of lower fungi (Phycomycetes). Annu Rev Microbiol 13:97-124.
28. Carlile MJ, Machlis L (1965) Response of male gametes of Allomyces to sexual hormone sirenin. Am J Bot 52:478-483.
29. Castillo JM, Roberts DW (1980) In vitro studies of Coelomomyces punctatus from Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Cyclops vernalis. J Invertebr Pathol 35:144-157.
30. Chapman HC (1985) Ecology and use of Coelomomyces species in biological control: a review. In: Couch JN, Bland CE (eds) The genus Coelomomyces. Academic, Orlando, FL, pp 361-368.
31. Chen MJ, Chen FZ, Yu Y, Ji J, Kong FX (2008) Genetic diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms in Lake Taihu, a large shallow subtropical lake in China. Microb Ecol 56:572-583.
32. Couch JN (1945) Observations on the genus Catenaria. Mycologia 37:163-191.
33. Couch JN, Bland CE (1985) The genus Coelomomyces. Academic, New York.
34. Couch JN, Whiffen AJ (1942) Observations on the genus Blastocladiella. Am J Bot 29:582-591.
35. Crasemann JM (1957) Comparative nutrition of two species of Blastocladia. Am J Bot 44:218-224.
36. Dalley NE, Sonneborn DR (1982) Evidence that Blastocladiella emersonii zoospore chitin synthetase is located at the plasma membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 686:65-76.
37. Dasgupta SN, John R (1988) A contribution to our knowledge of the genus Blastocladia. Indian Phytopathol 41:521-547.
38. Debaisieux P (1920) Coelomycidium simulii nov. gen., nov. sp. et remarques sur l'Amoebidium des larves de Simulium. Cellule 30:249-271.
39. DeSouza CPC, Osmani SA (2007) Mitosis, not just open or closed. Eukaryot Cell 6:1521-1527.
40. Dewel RA, Dewel WC (1990) The fine structure of the zoospore of Sorochytrium milnesiophthora. Can J Bot 68:1968-1977.
41. Dewel RA, Joines JD, Bond JJ (1985) A new chytridiomycete parasitizing the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum. Can J Bot 63:1525-1534.
42. Doweld AB (2001) Prosyllabus tracheophytorum. Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta). Geos, Moscow.
43. Emerson R (1938) A new life cycle involving cystformation in Allomyces. Mycologia 30:120-132.
44. Emerson R (1941) An experimental study of the life cycles and taxonomy of Allomyces. Lloydia 4:77-144.
45. Emerson R, Cantino EC (1948) The isolation, growth, and metabolism of Blastocladia in pure culture. Am J Bot 35:157-171.
46. Emerson R, Robertson JA (1974) Two new members of Blastocladiaceae. I. Taxonomy, with an evaluation of genera and interrelationships in family. Am J Bot 61:303-317.
47. Emerson R, Wilson CM (1949) The significance of meiosis in Allomyces. Science 110:86-88.
48. Emerson R, Wilson CM (1954) Interspecific hybrids and the cytogenetics and cytotaxonomy of Euallomyces. Mycologia 46:393-434.
49. Federici BA (1979) Experimental hybridization of Coelomomyces dodgei and Coelomomyces punctatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:4425-4428.
50. Federici BA (1982) Inviability of interspecific hybrids in the Coelomomyces dodgei complex. Mycologia 74:555-562.
51. Federici BA, Lucarotti CJ (1986) Structure and behavior of the meiospore of Coelomomyces dodgei during encystment on the copepod host, Acanthocyclops vernalis. J Invertebr Pathol 48:259-268.
52. Fischer A (1892) Phycomycetes. Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. Kryptogamen-Fl 1:1-490.
53. Förster H, Coffey MD, Elwood H, Sogin ML (1990) Sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNAs of three zoosporic fungi and implications for fungal evolution. Mycologia 82:306-312.
54. Freeman KR, Martin AP, Karki D, Lynch RC, Mitter MS, Meyer AF, Longcore JE, Simmons DR, Schmidt SK (2009) Evidence that chytrids dominate fungal communities in high-elevation soils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:18315-18320.
55. Fuller MS, Calhoun SA (1968) Microtubule-kinetosome relationships in motile cells of Blastocladiales. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 87:526-533.
56. Fuller MS, Olson LW (1971) Zoospore of Allomyces. J Gen Microbiol 66:171-183.
57. Garcia R (1983) Mosquito management-ecological approaches. Environ Manage 7:73-78.
58. Gleason FH, Gordon GLR (1989) Anaerobic growth and fermentation in Blastocladia. Mycologia 81:811-815.
59. Gleason FH, Marano AV, Johnson P, Martin WW (2010) Blastocladian parasites of invertebrates. Fungal Biol Rev 24:56-67.
60. Griffiths AJF (1996) Mitochondrial inheritance in filamentous fungi. J Genet 75:403-414.
61. Harder R, Sörgel G (1938) Über einen neuen planoisogamen Phycomyceten mit Generationswechel und seine phylogenetische Bedeutung. Nachrichten Gesell Wiss Göttingen Fachgruppe VI (Biol) 3:119-127.
62. Hatch WR (1935) Gametogenesis in Allomyces arbuscula. Ann Bot 49:623-649.
63. Heath IB (1980) Variant mitoses in lower eukaryotes: indicators of the evolution of mitosis? Int Rev Cytol 64:1-80.
64. Held AA, Emerson R, Fuller MS, Gleason FH (1969) Blastocladia and Aqualinderella-fermentative water molds with high carbon dioxide optima. Science 165:706-709.
65. Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, Blackwell M, Cannon PF, Eriksson OE, Huhndorf S, James T, Kirk PM, Lucking R, Lumbsch HT, Lutzoni F, Matheny PB, McLaughlin DJ, Powell MJ, Redhead S, Schoch CL, Spatafora JW, Stalpers JA, Vilgalys R, Aime MC, Aptroot A, Bauer R, Begerow D, Benny GL, Castlebury LA, Crous PW, Dai YC, Gams W, Geiser DM, Griffith GW, Gueidan C, Hawksworth DL, Hestmark G, Hosaka K, Humber RA, Hyde KD, Ironside JE, Koljalg U, Kurtzman CP, Larsson KH, Lichtwardt R, Longcore J, Miadlikowska J, Miller A, Moncalvo JM, Mozley-Standridge S, Oberwinkler F, Parmasto E, Reeb V, Rogers JD, Roux C, Ryvarden L, Sampaio JP, Schussler A, Sugiyama J, Thorn RG, Tibell L, Untereiner WA, Walker C, Wang Z, Weir A, Weiss M, White MM, Winka K, Yao YJ, Zhang N (2007) A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. Mycol Res 111:509-547.
66. Hill EP (1969) Fine structure of zoospores and cysts of Allomyces macrogynus. J Gen Microbiol 56:125-130.
67. Hoffman Y, Aflalo C, Zarka A, Gutman J, James TY, Boussiba S (2008) Isolation and characterization of a novel chytrid species (phylum Blastocladiomycota), parasitic on the green alga Haematococcus. Mycol Res 112:70-81.
68. Hohn TM, Lovett JS, Bracker CE (1984) Characterization of the major proteins in gamma particles, cytoplasmic organelles in Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores. J Bacteriol 158:253-263.
69. Horenstein EA, Cantino EC (1962) Dark-induced morphogenesis in synchronized cultures of Blastocladiella britannica. J Bacteriol 84:37-45.
70. Horgen PA, Meyer RJ, Franklin AL, Anderson JB, Filion WG (1985) Motile spores from resistant sporangia of Blastocladiella emersonii possess one-half the DNA of spores from ordinary colorless sporangia. Exp Mycol 9:70-73.
71. Ichida AA, Fuller MS (1968) Ultrastructure of mitosis in the aquatic fungus Catenaria anguillulae. Mycologia 60:141-155.
72. Ingraham JL, Emerson R (1954) Studies of the nutrition and metabolism of the aquatic phycomycete, Allomyces. Am J Bot 41:146-152.
73. James TY, Porter D, Leander CA, Vilgalys R, Longcore JE (2000) Molecular phylogenetics of the Chytridiomycota supports the utility of ultrastructural data in chytrid systematics. Can J Bot 78:336-350.
74. James TY, Kauff F, Schoch C, Matheny PB, Hofstetter V, Cox C, Celio G, Gueidan C, Fraker E, Miadlikowska J, Lumbsch HT, Rauhut A, Reeb V, Arnold AE, Amtoft A, Stajich JE, Hosaka K, Sung G-H, Johnson D, O'Rourke B, Crockett M, Binder M, Curtis JM, Slot JC, Wang Z, Wilson AW, Schüßler A, Longcore JE, O'Donnell K, Mozley-Standridge S, Porter D, Letcher PM, Powell MJ, Taylor JW, White MM, Griffith GW, Davies DR, Humber RA, Morton JB, Sugiyama J, Rossman AY, Rogers JD, Pfister DH, Hewitt D, Hansen K, Hambleton S, Shoemaker RA, Kohlmeyer J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Spotts RA, Serdani M, Crous PW, Hughes KW, Matsuura K, Langer E, Langer G, Untereiner WA, Lücking R, Büdel B, Geiser DM, Aptroot A, Diederich P, Schmitt I, Schultz M, Yahr R, Hibbett D, Lutzoni F, McLaughlin D, Spatafora J, Vilgalys R (2006a) Reconstructing the early evolution of the fungi using a six gene phylogeny. Nature 443:818-822.
75. James TY, Letcher PM, Longcore JE, Mozley-Standridge SE, Porter D, Powell MJ, Griffith GW, Vilgalys R (2006b) A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (Chytridiomycota) and description of a new phylum(Blastocladiomycota).Mycologia 98:860-871.
76. James TY, Hoffman Y, Zarka A, Boussiba S (2011) Paraphysoderma sedebokerense, gen. et sp. nov., an aplanosporic relative of Physoderma (Blastocladiomycota). MycoTaxon 118:177-180.
77. Jaworski AJ, Stumhofer P (1984) Dormant ribosomes in Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores are arrested at elongation. Exp Mycol 8:13-24.
78. Johnson PTJ, Longcore JE, Stanton DE, Carnegie RB, Shields JD, Preu ER (2006) Chytrid infections of Daphnia pulicaria: development, ecology, pathology and phylogeny of Polycaryum laeve. Freshw Biol 51:634-648.
79. Jones MDM, Forn I, Gadelha C, Egan MJ, Bass D, Massana R, Richards TA (2011) Discovery of novel intermediate forms redefines the fungal tree of life. Nature 474:200-234.
80. Karling JS (1950) The genus Physoderma. Lloydia 13:29-71.
81. Karling JS (1965) Catenophlyctis, a new genus of Catenariaceae. Am J Bot 52:133-138.
82. Karling JS (1977) Chytridiomycetarum Iconographia. Lubrecht and Cramer, Monticello, NY.
83. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008) Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edn. CABI Publishing, The Netherlands.
84. Kniep H (1930)Über den Generationswechsel von Allomyces. Zeitschrift für Botanik 22:433-441.
85. Koch WJ (1956) Studies of the motile cells of chytrids. I. Electron microscope observations of the flagellum, blepharoplast and rhizoplast. Am J Bot 43:811-819.
86. Lang BF, O'Kelly C, Nerad T, Gray MW, Burger G (2002) The closest unicellular relatives of animals. Curr Biol 12:1773-1778.
87. Lang BF, Laforest M-J, Burger G (2007) Mitochondrial introns: a critical view. Trends Genet 23:119-125.
88. Lange L, Olson LW (1979) Uniflagellate phycomycete zoospore. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 33:7-95.
89. Lange L, Olson LW (1980) Transfer of the Physodermataceae from the Chytridiales to the Blastocladiales. Trans Br Mycol Soc 74:449-457.
90. Lefe`vre E, Bardot C, Noel C, Carrias JF, Viscogliosi E, Amblard C, Sime-Ngando T (2007) Unveiling fungal zooflagellates as members of freshwater picoeukaryotes: evidence from a molecular diversity study in a deep meromictic lake. Environ Microbiol 9:61-71.
91. Lessie PE, Lovett JS (1968) Ultrastructural changes during sporangium formation and zoospore differentiation in Blastocladiella emersonii. Am J Bot 55:220-236.
92. Letcher PM, Powell MJ, Churchill PF, Chambers JG (2006) Ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic delineation of a new order, the Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota). Mycol Res 110:898-915.
93. Letcher PM, Velez CG, Barrantes ME, Powell MJ, Churchill PF, Wakefield WS (2008) Ultrastructural and molecular analyses of Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota) isolates from North America and Argentina. Mycol Res 112:759-782.
94. Lingle WL, Barstow WE (1983) Ultrastructure of the zoospore of Blastocladia ramosa (Blastocladiales). Can J Bot 61:3502-3513.
95. Liu YJ, Hodson MC, Hall BD (2006) Loss of the flagellum happened only once in the fungal lineage: phylogenetic structure of Kingdom Fungi inferred from RNA polymerase II subunit genes. BMC Evol Biol 6:13.
96. Liu Y, Steenkamp ET, Brinkmann H, Forget L, Philippe H, Lang BF (2009) Phylogenomic analyses predict sistergroup relationship of nucleariids and Fungi and paraphyly of zygomycetes with significant support. BMC Evol Biol 9:11.
97. Lovett JS (1975) Growth and differentiation of water mold Blastocladiella emersonii-cytodifferentiation and role of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis. Bacteriol Rev 39:345-404.
98. Lucarotti CJ (1987) Coelomomyces stegomyiae infection in adult Aedes aegypti. Mycologia 79:362-369.
99. Lucarotti CJ, Federici BA (1984) Ultrastructure of the gametes of Coelomomyces dodgei Couch (Blastocladiales, Chytridiomycetes). Protoplasma 121:77-86.
100. Machlis L (1958a) A study of sirenin, the chemotactic sexual hormone from the watermold Allomyces. Physiol Plant 11:845-854.
101. Machlis L (1958b) Evidence for a sexual hormone in Allomyces. Physiol Plant 11:181-192.
102. Machlis L (1968) Response of male gametes of Allomyces to sexual hormone sirenin. Plant Physiol 43:1319-1320.
103. Machlis L (1969) Zoospore chemotaxis in the water mold Allomyces. Physiol Plant 22:126-139.
104. Madelin MF, Beckett A (1972) Production of planonts by thin-walled sporangia of fungus Coelomomyces indicus-parasite of mosquitos. J Gen Microbiol 72:185-200.
105. Manier JF, Loubes C (1978) Callimastix cyclopis Weissenberg, 1912 (Phycomycetes, Blastocladiales) a parasite of Microcyclops claus, 1893 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from Tchad-ultrastructural features. Protistologica 14:493-501.
106. Manton I, Clarke B, Greenwood AD, Flint EA (1952) Further observations on the structure of plant cilia by combination of visual and electron microscopy. J Exp Bot 3:204-215.
107. Martin WW (1970) A morphological and cytological study of Coelomomyces punctatus. M.Sc., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
108. Martin WW(1971) The ultrastructure of Coelomomyces punctatus zoospores. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc 87:209-221.
109. MartinWW(1975) A new species of Catenaria parasitic in midge eggs. Mycologia 67:264-272.
110. MartinWW(1978) Two additional species of Catenaria (Chytridiomycetes, Blastocladiales) parasitic in midge eggs. Mycologia 70:461-467.
111. Martin WW (1987) Zoosporic parasites of aquatic insects: collection, identification, and culture. In: Fuller MS, Jaworski A (eds) Zoosporic fungi in teaching and research. Southeastern, Athens, GA, pp 137-142.
112. Massey SE, Garey JR (2007) A comparative genomics analysis of codon reassignments reveals a link with mitochondrial proteome size and a mechanism of genetic code change via suppressor tRNAs. J Mol Evol 64:399-410.
113. Matthews VD (1937) A new genus of the Blastocladiaceae. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc 53:191-195.
114. McCrainie J (1942) Sexuality in Allomyces cystogenus. Mycologia 34:209-213.
115. Mills GL, Cantino EC (1979) Trimodal formation of microbodies and associated biochemical and cytochemical changes during development in Blastocladiella emersonii. Exp Mycol 3:53-69.
116. Mills GL, Cantino EC (1981) Chitosome-like vesicles from gamma-particles of Blastocladiella emersonii synthesize chitin. Arch Microbiol 130:72-77.
117. Mitchell RT, Deacon JW(1986) Selective accumulation of zoospores of chytridiomycetes and oomycetes on cellulose and chitin. Trans BrMycol Soc 86:219-223.
118. Nagahama T, Sato H, Shimazu M, Sugiyama J (1995) Phylogenetic divergence of the entomophthoralean fungi: evidence from nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Mycologia 87:203-209.
119. Nascimento CDA, Pires-Zottarelli CLA (2010) Blastocladiales e Spizellomycetales do Parque Estadual da Serra da Cantareira, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Botanica 33:693-704.
120. Nolan RA (1969) Nutritional requirements for species of Allomyces. Mycologia 61:641-644.
121. Nolan RA (1970) Sulfur source and vitamin requirements of aquatic phycomycete, Catenaria anguillulae. Mycologia 62:568-577.
122. Nolan RA (1985) Physiology and biochemistry. In: Couch JN, Bland CE (eds) The genus Coelomomyces. Academic, Orlando, FL, pp 321-348.
123. Olson LW (1974) Meiosis in the aquatic Phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus. Comptes rendus des travaux du laboratoire Carlsberg 40:113-124.
124. Olson LW (1980) Allomyces neo-moniliformis gametogenesis. The Cystogenes life cycle. Protoplasma 105:87-106.
125. Olson LW (1984) Allomyces-a different fungus. Opera Bot 73:5-96.
126. Olson LW, Borkhardt B (1978) Polyploidy and its control in Allomyces macrogynus. Trans Br Mycol Soc 71:65-76.
127. Olson LW, Lange L (1978) Meiospore of Physoderma maydis-causal agent of physoderma disease of maize. Protoplasma 97:275-290.
128. Olson LW, Lange L (1983) The gamma body-a vesicle generating structure. Nord J Bot 3:673-680.
129. Olson LW, Reichle R (1978a) Meiosis and diploidization in the aquatic Phycomycete Catenaria anguillulae. Trans Br Mycol Soc 70:423-437.
130. Olson LW, Reichle R (1978b) Synaptonemal complex formation and meiosis in the resting sporangium of Blastocladiella emersonii. Protoplasma 97:261-273.
131. Olson LW, Lange L, Reichle R (1978) Zoospore and meiospore of aquatic phycomycete Catenaria anguillulae. Protoplasma 94:53-71.
132. Paquin B, Lang BF (1996) The mitochondrial DNA of Allomyces macrogynus: the complete genomic sequence from an ancestral fungus. J Mol Biol 255:688-701.
133. Paquin B, Laforest MJ, Forget L, Roewer I, Wang Z, Longcore J, Lang BF (1997) The fungal mitochondrial genome project: evolution of fungal mitochondrial genomes and their gene expression. Curr Genet 31:380-395.
134. Petersen HE (1909) Studier over Ferskvands-Phycomyceter. Bidrag til Kundskaben om de submerse Phykomyceters Biologi og Systematik, samt om deres Udbredelse i Danmark. Bot Tidskrift 29:345-440.
135. Picard KT, Letcher PM, Powell MJ (2009) Rhizidium phycophilum, a new species in Chytridiales. Mycologia 101:696-706.
136. Pommerville J (1977) Chemotaxis of Allomyces gametes. Exp Cell Res 109:43-51.
137. Pommerville J (1978) Analysis of gamete and zygote motility in Allomyces. Exp Cell Res 113:161-172.
138. Porter TM, Martin WM, James TY, Longcore JE, Gleason F, Adler PH, Letcher PM, Vilgalys R (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Blastocladiomycota (Fungi) based on nuclear ribosomal data. Fungal Biol 115:381-392.
139. Powell MJ (1978) Phylogenetic implications of microbody-lipid globule complex in zoosporic fungi. BioSyst 10:167-180.
140. Powell MJ (1983) Localization of antimonate-mediated precipitates of cations in zoospores of Chytriomyces hyalinus. Exp Mycol 7:266-277.
141. Powell MJ, Koch WJ (1977a) Morphological variations in a new species of Entophlyctis. I. Species concept. Can J Bot 55:1668-1685.
142. Powell MJ, Koch WJ (1977b) Morphological variations in a new species of Entophlyctis. II. Influence of growth-conditions on morphology. Can J Bot 55:1686-1695.
143. Pritchard AE, Seilhammer JJ, Mahalingam R, Sable CL, Venuti SE, Cummings DJ (1990) Nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Paramecium. Nucleic Acids Res 18:173-180.
144. Reichle RE, Fuller MS (1967) Fine structure of Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores. Am J Bot 54:81-92.
145. Remy W, Taylor TN, Hass H (1994) Early Devonian fungi-a Blastocladalean fungus with sexual reproduction. Am J Bot 81:690-702.
146. Ribichich KF, Salem-Izacc SM, Georg RC, Vencio RZN, Navarro LD, Gomes SL (2005) Gene discovery and expression profile analysis through sequencing of expressed sequence tags from different develop-mental stages of the chytridiomycete Blastocladiella emersonii. Eukaryot Cell 4:455-464.
147. Robertson JA (1972) Phototaxis in a new Allomyces. Arch f Mikrobiol 85:259-266.
148. Ruiz-Trillo I, Burger G, Holland PWH, King N, Lang BF, Roger AJ, Gray MW (2007) The origins of multicellularity: a multi-taxon genome initiative. Trends Genet 23:113-118.
149. Schadt CW, Martin AP, Lipson DA, Schmidt SK (2003) Seasonal dynamics of previously unknown fungal lineages in tundra soils. Science 301:1359-1361.
150. Schardl CL, Craven KD (2003) Interspecific hybridization in plant-associated fungi and oomycetes: a review. Mol Ecol 12:2861-2873.
151. Scherffel A (1925) Endophytische Phycomyceten-Parasiten der Bacillariaceen und einege neue Monadinen. Ein Beitrag zur Phylogenie der Oomyceten (Schröter). Archiv Protistenk 52:1-141.
152. Schroeter J (1893) Phycomycetes. Natürlichen Pflanzenfam 1:63-141.
153. Seif E, Leigh J, Liu Y, Roewer I, Forget L, Lang BF (2005) Comparative mitochondrial genomics in zygomycetes: bacteria-like RNase P RNAs, mobile elements and a close source of the group I intron invasion in angiosperms. Nucleic Acids Res 33:734-744.
154. Shaw DS, Cantino EC (1969) An albino mutant of Blastocladiella emersonii-comparative studies of zoospore behaviour and fine structure. J Gen Microbiol 59:369-382.
155. Simmons DR, James TY, Meyer AF, Longcore JE (2009) Lobulomycetales, a new order in the Chytridiomycota. Mycol Res 113:450-460.
156. Singh KP, Jaiswal RK, Kumar N (2007) Catenaria anguillulae Sorokin: a natural biocontrol agent of Meloidogyne graminicola causing root knot disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:291-294.
157. Slapeta J, Moreira D, Lopez-Garcia P (2005) The extent of protist diversity: insights from molecular ecology of freshwater eukaryotes. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 272:2073-2081.
158. Sparrow FK (1939) The entomogenous chytrid Myrophagus Thaxter. Mycologia 304:113-116.
159. Sparrow FK (1960) Aquatic phycomycetes. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
160. Sparrow FK (1962) Urophlyctis and Physoderma. Trans Mycol Soc Jpn 3:16-18.
161. Sparrow FK (1965) Concerning Physoderma graminis. Mycologia 57:624-627.
162. Sparrow FK, Griffin JE (1964) Observation on chytridiaceous parasites of phanerograms. XV. Host range and species concepts studies in Physoderma. Arch f Mikrobiol 40:275-282.
163. Stumm C, Hermans JMH, Croes AF, Bucks JH (1976) Chemotaxis and transport of amino acids in Allomyces arbuscula. Ant v Leeuwenhoek 42:203-209.
164. Tabak HH, Cooke WB (1968) Effects of gaseous environments on growth and metabolism of fungi. Bot Rev 34:126-252.
165. Tambor JHM, Ribichich KF, Gomes SL (2008) The mitochondrial view of Blastocladiella emersonii. Gene 424:33-39.
166. Tanabe Y, O'Donnell K, Saikawa M, Sugiyama J (2000) Molecular phylogeny of parasitic Zygomycota (Dimargaritales, Zoopagales) based on nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 16:253-262.
167. Tanabe Y, Watanabe MM, Sugiyama J (2002) Are Microsporidia really related to Fungi: a reappraisal based on additional gene sequences from basal fungi. Mycol Res 106:1380-1391.
168. Tanabe Y, Saikawa M, Watanabe MM, Sugiyama J (2004) Molecular phylogeny of Zygomycota based on EF-1 and RPB1 sequences: limitations and utility of alternative markers to rDNA. Mol Phylogenet Evol 30:438-449.
169. Tanabe Y, Watanabe MM, Sugiyama J (2005) Evolutionary relationships among basal fungi (Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota): insights from molecular phylogenetics. J Gen Appl Microbiol 51:267-276.
170. Taylor JW, Fuller MS (1981) The Golgi apparatus, zoosporogenesis, and development of the zoospore discharge apparatus of Chytridium confervae. Exp Mycol 5:35-59.
171. Taylor TN, Remy W, Hass H (1994) Allomyces in the Devonian. Nature 367:601-601.
172. Taylor JW, Jacobson DJ, Kroken S, Kasuga T, Geiser DM, Hibbett DS, Fisher MC (2000) Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 31:21-32.
173. Teter HE (1944) Isogamous sexuality in a new strain of Allomyces. Mycologia 36:194-210.
174. Travland LB (1979) Structures of the motile cells of Coelomomyces psorophorae and function of the zygote in encystment on a host. Can J Bot 57:1021-1035.
175. Vandenkoornhuyse P, Baldauf SL, Leyval C, Straczek J, Young JPW (2002) Evolution-Extensive fungal diversity in plant roots. Science 295:2051-2051.
176. Vavra J, Joyon L (1966) Etude sur la morphologie le cycle evolutif et la position systematique de Callimastix cyclopis Weissenberg. Protistologica 2:5-15.
177. Whisler HC (1987) On the isolation and culture of water molds: the Blastocladiales and Monoblepharidales. In: Fuller MS, Jaworski A (eds) Zoosporic fungi in teaching and research. Southeastern, Athens, GA, pp 121-124.
178. Willoughby LG (1959) A new species of Blastocladiella from Great Britain. Trans Br Mycol Soc 42:287-291.
179. Wilson CM (1952) Meiosis in Allomyces. Bull Torr Bot Club 79:139-160.
180. Wilson CM, Flanagan PW (1968) The life cycle and cytology of Brachyallomyces. Can J Bot 46:1361-1367.
181. Wolf FT (1941) A contribution to the life history and geographic distribution of the genus Allomyces. Mycologia 33:158-173.