The role of atmospheric forcing versus ocean advection during the extreme warming of the Northeast U.S. continental shelf in 2012

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 120, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 4324-4339

  Chen, Ke ^a   Gawarkiewicz, Glen ^a   Kwon, Young Oh ^a   Zhang, Weifeng G ^a  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

air sea interaction; climate change; extreme temperature; heat budget; Northeast U.S. coastal ocean; numerical modeling

Indexed keywords

ADVECTION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONTINENTAL SHELF; COOLING; EXTREME EVENT; HEAT BUDGET; HEAT FLUX; NUMERICAL MODEL; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WARMING;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF OF MAINE; MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85027953079     PISSN: 21699275     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JC010547     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Brink, K. H., R. C. Beardsley, R. Limeburner, J. D. Irish, and, M. Caruso, (2009), Long-term moored array measurements of currents and hydrography over Georges Bank: 1994-1999, Prog. Oceanogr., 82 (3), 191-223, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.004.
2. Chapman, D. C., (1985), Numerical treatment of cross-shelf open boundaries in a barotropic coastal ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15 (8), 1060-1075, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015 <1060:NTOCSO>2.0.CO;2.
3. Chassignet, E. P., H. E. Hurlburt, O. M. Smedstad, G. R. Halliwell, P. J. Hogan, A. J. Wallcraft, R. Baraille, and, R. Bleck, (2006), The HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model) data assimilative system, J. Mar. Syst., 65 (1-4), 60-83.
4. Chen, K., and, R. He, (2010), Numerical investigation of the Middle Atlantic Bight shelfbreak frontal circulation using a high-resolution ocean hindcast model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40 (5), 949-964, doi: 10.1175/2009JPO4262.1.
5. Chen, K., and, R. He, (2014), Mean circulation in the coastal ocean off northeastern North America from a regional-scale ocean model, Ocean Sci. Discuss., 11 (6), 2755-2790, doi: 10.5194/osd-11-2755-2014.
6. Chen, K., G. G. Gawarkiewicz, S. J. Lentz, and, J. M. Bane, (2014a), Diagnosing the warming of the Northeastern U.S. Coastal Ocean in 2012: A linkage between the atmospheric jet stream variability and ocean response, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 1-10, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009393.
7. Chen, K., R. He, B. S. Powell, G. G. Gawarkiewicz, A. M. Moore, and, H. G. Arango, (2014b), Data assimilative modeling investigation of Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring interaction with continental shelf and slope circulation, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 5968-5991, doi: 10.1002/2014JC009898.
8. Cohen, J., et al., (2014), Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather, Nat. Geosci, 7 (9), 627-637, doi: 10.1038/ngeo2234.
9. Coumou, D., and, S. Rahmstorf, (2012), A decade of weather extremes, Nat. Clim. Change, 2 (7), 491-496.
10. Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, J. E. Hare, A. A. Grachev, and, J. B. Edson, (2003), Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm, J. Clim., 16 (4), 571-591, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016 <0571:BPOASF>2.0.CO;2.
11. Francis, J. A., and, S. J. Vavrus, (2012), Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06801, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051000.
12. Friedland, K., (2012), Ecosystem advisory for the northeast shelf large marine ecosystem. Advis. 2012 No. 2, Northeast Fishery Science Center, Woods Hole, Mass.
13. Garvine, R. W., K. C. Wong, and, G. G. Gawarkiewicz, (1989), Quantitative properties of shelfbreak eddies, J. Geophys. Res., 94 (C10), 14,475-414,483, doi: 10.1029/JC094iC10p14475.
14. Gawarkiewicz, G., K. H. Brink, F. Bahr, R. C. Beardsley, M. Caruso, J. F. Lynch, and, C.-S. Chiu, (2004), A large-amplitude meander of the shelfbreak front during summer south of New England: Observations from the Shelfbreak PRIMER experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03006, doi: 10.1029/2002JC001468.
15. Gawarkiewicz, G., G. Lawson, M. Petruny-Parker, P. Fratantoni, and, J. Hare, (2013), The shelf break ecosystem off the Northeastern United States: Current issues and recommended research directions, report, 29 pp., Coop. Inst. for the North Atl. Reg., CINAR, Woods Hole, Mass. [Available at http://www.cinar.org/.]
16. Gawarkiewicz, G. G., R. E. Todd, A. J. Plueddemann, M. Andres, and, J. P. Manning, (2012), Direct interaction between the Gulf Stream and the shelfbreak south of New England, Sci. Rep., 2, 553, doi: 10.1038/srep00553.
17. Haidvogel, D. B., et al., (2008), Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System, J. Comput. Phys., 227 (7), 3595-3624, doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016.
18. Hall, M. M., and, H. L. Bryden, (1982), Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 29 (3), 339-359, doi: 10.1016/0198-0149(82)90099-1.
19. Hansen, J., M. Sato, and, R. Ruedy, (2012), Perception of climate change, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109, E2415-E2423, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1205276109.
20. Hebert, D., R. Pettipas, D. Brickman, and, M. Dever, (2013), Meteorological, sea ice and physical oceanographic conditions on the Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of Maine during 2012, Rep. 2013/058, 89 pp., Can. Sci. Advis. Sec., Ottawa, Canada.
21. Lentz, S. J., (2010), The mean along-isobath heat and salt balances over the Middle Atlantic Bight continental shelf, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40 (5), 934-948, doi: 10.1175/2009JPO4214.1.
22. Lentz, S. J., R. C. Beardsley, J. D. Irish, J. Manning, P. C. Smith, and, R. A. Weller, (2003), Temperature and salt balances on Georges Bank February-August 1995, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (C11), 8006, doi: 10.1029/2001JC001220.
23. Liu, J., J. A. Curry, H. Wang, M. Song, and, R. M. Horton, (2012), Impact of declining Arctic sea ice on winter snowfall, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109, 4074-4079, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1114910109.
24. Luettich, R. A., J. J. Westerink, and, N. W. Scheffner, (1992), ADCIRC: An advanced three-dimensional circulation model for shelves, coast, and estuaries. Report 1. Theory and methodology of ADCIRC-2DDI and ADCIRC-3DL, Tech. Rep. DPR-92-6, 137 pp., U.S. Army Corps of Eng., Washington, D. C.
25. Mason, E., J. Molemaker, A. F. Shchepetkin, F. Colas, J. C. McWilliams, and, P. Sangrà, (2010), Procedures for offline grid nesting in regional ocean models, Ocean Modell., 35 (1-2), 1-15, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.05.007.
26. Mills, K., et al., (2013), Fisheries management in a changing climate: Lessons from the 2012 ocean heat wave in the Northwest Atlantic, Oceanography, 26, 191-195, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2013.27.
27. Montgomery, R. B., (1972), Comments on "Seasonal variability of the Florida Current," by Niiler and Richardson, J. Mar. Res., 32, 533-535.
28. Orlanski, I., (1976), A simple boundary condition for unbounded hyperbolic flows, J. Comput. Phys., 21 (3), 251-269.
29. Peterson, T. C., M. P. Hoerling, P. A. Stott, and, S. C. Herring, (Eds.) (2013), Explaining Extreme Events of 2012 from a Climate Perspective, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, S1-S74, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00085.1.
30. Rahmstorf, S., and, D. Coumou, (2011), Increase of extreme events in a warming world, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 108, 17905-17909, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1101766108.
31. Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent, and, A. Kaplan, (2003), Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D14), 4407, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002670.
32. Reynolds, R. W., T. M. Smith, C. Liu, D. B. Chelton, K. S. Casey, and, M. G. Schlax, (2007), Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature, J. Clim., 20 (22), 5473-5496, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI1824.1.
33. Schauer, U., and, A. Beszczynska-Möller, (2009), Problems with estimation and interpretation of oceanic heat transport-Conceptual remarks for the case of Fram Strait in the Arctic Ocean, Ocean Sci., 5 (4), 487-494, doi: 10.5194/os-5-487-2009.
34. Shchepetkin, A. F., and, J. C. McWilliams, (2005), The regional oceanic modeling system (ROMS): A split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following-coordinate oceanic model, Ocean Modell., 9 (4), 347-404, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.08.002.
35. Shearman, R. K., and, S. J. Lentz, (2010), Long-term sea surface temperature variability along the U.S. east coast, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 1004-1016.
36. Smith, T. M., R. W. Reynolds, T. C. Peterson, and, J. Lawrimore, (2008), Improvements to NOAA's Historical Merged Land-Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880-2006), J. Clim., 21 (10), 2283-2296, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2100.1.
37. Todd, R. E., G. G. Gawarkiewicz, and, W. B. Owens, (2012), Horizontal scales of variability over the Middle Atlantic Bight shelf break and continental rise from finescale observations, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43 (1), 222-230, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-099.1.
38. Warner, J. C., C. R. Sherwood, H. G. Arango, and, R. P. Signell, (2005), Performance of four turbulence closure models implemented using a generic length scale method, Ocean Modell., 8 (1-2), 81-113, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.12.003.
39. Wilkin, J. L., and, E. J. Hunter, (2013), An assessment of the skill of real-time models of Mid-Atlantic Bight continental shelf circulation, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 2919-2933, doi: 10.1002/jgrc.20223.