Hydrothermal synthesis of an artificial Z-scheme visible light photocatalytic system using reduced graphene oxide as the electron mediator

Chemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 313, Issue , 2017, Pages 1567-1576

  Ma, Dong ^a,b   Wu, Juan ^a   Gao, Mengchun ^b   Xin, Yanjun ^a   Sun, Yuying ^a   Ma, Tianjin ^a  

^a QINGDAO AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

Electron mediator; Fermi level; Photocatalysis; Reduced graphene oxide; Z scheme

Indexed keywords

BISMUTH COMPOUNDS; CHARGE TRANSFER; COMPOSITE FILMS; DEGRADATION; ELECTRONS; FERMI LEVEL; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; LIGHT; PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTODEGRADATION; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SPECTROMETERS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON MEDIATOR; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRA RED (FTIR) SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTO CATALYTIC DEGRADATION; REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDES; REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDES (RGO); X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETERS; Z-SCHEME;

GRAPHENE;

EID: 85027940857     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.11.036     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. [1] Kothe, T., Plumer, N., Badura, A., Nowaczyk, M.M., Guschin, D.A., Rcgner, M., Schuhmann, W., Combination of a photosystem 1-based photocathode and a photosystem 2-based photoanode to a Z-scheme mimic for biophotovoltaic applications. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (2013), 14233–14236.
2. [2] Zhou, P., Yu, J.G., Jaroniec, M., All-solid-state Z-scheme photocatalytic systems. Adv. Mater. 26 (2014), 4920–4935.
3. [3] Wen, F.Y., Li, C., Hybrid artificial photosynthetic systems comprising semiconductors as light harvesters and biomimetic complexes as molecular cocatalysts. Acc. Chem. Res. 46 (2013), 2355–2364.
4. [4] Ye, L., Liu, J., Gong, C., Tian, L., Peng, T., Zan, L., Two different roles of metallic Ag on Ag/AgX/BiOX (X = Cl, Br) visible Lilht photocatalysts: surface plasmon resonance and Z-scheme bridge. ACS Catal. 2 (2012), 1677–1683.
5. [5] Maeda, K., Z-scheme water splitting using two different semiconductor photocatalyst. ACS Catal. 3 (2013), 1486–1503.
6. [6] Sekizawa, K., Maeda, K., Domen, K., Koike, K., Ishitani, O.J., Artificial Z-scheme constructed with a supramolecular metal complex and semiconductor for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013), 4596–4599.
7. [7] Abe, R., Shinmei, K., Koumura, N., Hara, K., Ohtani, B., Visible-light-induced water splitting based on two-step photoexcitation between dye-sensitized layered niobate and tungsten oxide photocatalysts in the presence of a triiodide/iodide shuttle redox mediator. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013), 16872–16884.
8. [8] Sasaki, Y., Iwase, A., Kato, H., Kudo, A., The effect of co-catalyst for Z-scheme photocatalysis systems with an Fe3+/Fe2+electron mediator on overall water splitting under visible light irradiation. J. Catal. 259 (2008), 133–137.
9. [9] Sasaki, Y., Kato, H., Kudo, A., [Co(bpy)3](3+/2+)and [Co(phen)3](3+/2+)electron mediators for overall water splitting under sunlight irradiation using Z-scheme photocatalyst system. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013), 5441–5449.
10. [10] Sayama, K., Abe, R., Arakawa, H., Sugihara, H., Decomposition of water into H2and O2by a two-step photoexcitation reaction over a Pt–TiO2photocatalyst in NaNO2and Na2CO3aqueous solution. Catal. Commun. 7 (2006), 96–99.
11. [11] Abe, R., Sayama, K., Sugihara, H., Development of new photocatalytic water splitting into H2and O2using two different semiconductor photocatalysts and a shuttle redox mediator IO3−/I−. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005), 16052–16061.
12. [12] Kochuveedu, S.T., Jang, Y.H., Kim, D.H., Cheminform abstract: a study on the mechanism for the interaction of light with noble metal-metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures for various photophysical applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (2013), 8467–8493.
13. [13] Tada, H., Mitsui, T., Kiyonaga, T., Akita, T., Tanaka, K., All-solid-state Z-scheme in CdS-Au-TiO2three-component nanojunction system. Nat. Mater. 5 (2006), 782–786.
14. [14] Chen, Z., Wang, W., Zhang, Z., Fang, X., High-efficiency visible-light-driven Ag3PO4/AgI photocatalysts: Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism for their enhanced photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013), 19346–19352.
15. [15] Yu, Z.B., Xie, Y.P., Liu, G., Lu, G.Q., Ma, X.L., Cheng, H.M., Self-assembled CdS/Au/ZnO heterostructure induced by surface polar charges for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J. Mater. Chem. A 1 (2013), 2773–2776.
16. [16] Fu, N., Jin, Z., Wu, Y., Lu, G., Li, D., Z-scheme photocatalytic system utilizing separate reaction centers by directional movement of electrons. J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011), 8586–8593.
17. [17] Liu, Z., Zhao, Z.G., Miyauchi, M., Efficient visible light active CaFe2O4/WO3based composite photocatalysts: effect of interfacial modification. J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009), 17132–17137.
18. [18] Shi, F.F., Chen, L.L., Chen, M., Jiang, D.L., A gC3N4/nanocarbon/ZnIn2S4nanocomposite: an artificial Z-scheme visible-light photocatalytic system using nanocarbon as the electron mediator. Chem. Commum. 51 (2015), 17144–17147.
19. [19] Iwase, A., Ng, Y.H., Ishiguro, Y., Kudo, A., Amal, R., Reduced graphene oxide as a solid-state electron mediator in Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting under visible light. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (2011), 11054–11057.
20. [20] Sharma, B., Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Junctions and Their Applications. 2013, Springer Science & Business Media.
21. [21] Wang, X.C., Maeda, K., Thomas, A., Takanabe, K., Xin, G., Carlsson, J.M., Domen, K., Antonietti, M., A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat. Mater. 8 (2009), 76–80.
22. [22] Li, H.P., Hou, W.G., Tao, X.T., Du, N., Conjugated polyene-modified Bi2MO6(M, Mo or W) for enhancing visible light photocatalytic activity. Appl. Catal. B 172–173 (2015), 27–36.
23. [23] Wang, X., Yin, L., Liu, G., Light irradiation-assisted synthesis of ZnO-CdS/reduced graphene oxide heterostructured sheets for efficient photocatalytic H2evolution. Chem. Commun. 50 (2014), 3460–3463.
24. [24] Ma, D., Zhang, Y.X., Gao, M.C., Xin, Y.J., Wu, J., Bao, N., RGO/InVO4hollowed-out nanofibers: electrospinning synthesis and its application in photocatalysis. Appl. Surf. Sci. 353 (2015), 118–126.
25. [25] Ma, D., Xin, Y.J., Gao, M.C., Wu, J., Fabrication and photocatalytic properties of cationic and anionic S-doped TiO2nanofibers by electrospinning. Appl. Catal. B 147 (2014), 49–57.
26. [26] Belver, C., Adan, C., Fernandez-Garcia, M., Photocatalytic behaviour of Bi2MO6polymetalates for rhodamine B degradation. Catal. Today 143 (2009), 274–281.
27. [27] Liu, X., Pan, L., Lv, T., Zhu, G., Sun, Z., Sun, C., Microwave-assisted synthesis of CdS-reduced graphene oxide composites for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). Chem. Commun. 47 (2011), 11984–11986.
28. [28] Yu, J.G., Wang, S.H., Low, J.X., Xiao, W., Enhanced photocatalytic performance of direct Z-scheme g-C3N4–TiO2photocatalysts for the decomposition of formaldehyde in air. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 (2013), 16883–16890.
29. [29] Ma, D., Wu, J., Gao, M.C., Xin, Y.J., Ma, T.J., Sun, Y.Y., Fabrication of Z-scheme g-C3N4/RGO/Bi2WO6photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. Chem. Eng. J. 290 (2016), 136–146.
30. [30] Jo, W.K., Natarajan, T.S., Influence of TiO2morphology on the photocatalytic efficiency of direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/TiO2photocatalysts for isoniazid degradation. Chem. Eng. J. 281 (2015), 549–565.
31. [31] Sing, K.S.W., Everett, D.H., Haul, R., Moscou, L., Pierotti, R.A., Rouquerol, J., Siemieniewska, T., Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984). Pure Appl. Chem. 57:1985 (1984), 603–619.
32. [32] Cao, S.L., Yeung, K.L., Kwan, J.K.C., To, P.M.T., Yu, S.C.T., An investigation of the performance of catalytic aerogel filters. Appl. Catal. B 86 (2009), 127–136.
33. [33] Li, P., Zhou, Y., Li, H.J., Xu, Q.F., Meng, X.G., Wang, X.Y., Xiao, M., Zou, Z.G., Correction: all-solid-state Z-scheme system arrays of Fe2V4O13/RGO/CdS for visible light-driving photocatalytic CO2reduction into renewable hydrocarbon fuel. Chem. Commun. 51 (2015), 800–803.
34. [34] Xu, T.G., Zhang, L.W., Cheng, H.Y., Zhu, Y.F., Significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of ZnO via graphene hybridization and the mechanism study. Appl. Catal. B 101 (2011), 382–387.
35. [35] Zhang, L.W., Xu, T.G., Zhao, X., Zhu, Y.F., Controllable synthesis of Bi2MoO6and effect of morphology and variation in local structure on photocatalytic activities. Appl. Catal. B 98 (2010), 138–146.
36. [36] Maczka, M., Paraguassu, W., Souza-Filho, A.G., Freire, P.T.C., Mendes-Filho, J., Hanuza, J., Phonon-instability-driven phase transitions in ferroelectric Bi2WO6: Eu3+: high-pressure Raman and photoluminescence studies. Phys. Rev. B, 77, 2008, 094137.
37. [37] Murugan, R., Investigation on ionic conductivity and Raman spectra of γ-Bi2MoO6. Phys. B 352 (2004), 227–232.
38. [38] Yao, N., Yeung, K.L., Investigation of the performance of TiO2photocatalytic coatings. Chem. Eng. J. 167 (2011), 13–21.
39. [39] Hou, Y., Li, X.Y., Zhao, Q.D., Chen, G.H., ZnFe2O4multi-porous microbricks/ graphene hybrid photocatalyst: facile synthesis, improved activity and photocatalytic mechanism. Appl. Catal. B 142–143 (2013), 80–88.
40. [40] Li, X.F., Zhang, J., Shen, L.H., Ma, Y.M., Lei, W.W., Cui, Q.L., Zou, G.T., Preparation and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride through pyrolysis of melamine. Appl. Phys. A 94 (2009), 387–392.
41. [41] Bojdys, M.J., Muller, J.O., Antonietti, M., Thomas, A., Ionothermal synthesis of crystalline, condensed, graphitic carbon nitride. Chem.-Eur. J. 14 (2008), 8177–8182.
42. [42] Li, H., Liu, J., Hou, W., Du, N., Zhang, R., Tao, X., Synthesis and characterization of g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6heterojunctions with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Appl. Catal. B 160–161 (2014), 89–97.
43. [43] Lei, P., Wang, F., Zhang, S., Ding, Y., Zhao, J., Yang, M., Conjugation-grafted-TiO2nanohybrid for high photocatalytic efficiency under visible light. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2014), 2370–2376.
44. [44] Zhou, M.J., Zhang, N., Hou, Z.H., A facile synthesis of graphene-WO3nanowire clusters with high photocatalytic activity for O2evolution. Int. J. Photoenergy 2014 (2014), 1–6.
45. [45] Yan, H., Chen, Y., Xu, S., Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride by directly heating sulfuric acid treated melamine for enhanced photocatalytic H2production from water under visible light. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37 (2012), 125–133.
46. [46] Ge, L., Zuo, F., Liu, J.K., Ma, Q., Wang, C., Sun, D.Z., Bartels, L.D., Feng, P.Y., Synthesis and efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of polymeric g-C3N4coupled with CdS quantum dots. J. Phys. Chem. C 116 (2012), 13708–13714.
47. [47] Xiang, Q.J., Yu, J.G., Jaroniec, M.J., Preparation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity of graphene/C3N4composites. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011), 7355–7363.
48. [48] Yan, S.C., Li, Z.S., Zou, Z.G., Photodegradation of rhodamine B and methyl orange over boron-doped g-C3N4under visible light irradiation. Langmuir 26 (2010), 3894–3901.
49. [49] Wang, X.W., Yao, X.J., Photocatalytic hydrogen generation of ZnO rod–CdS/ reduced graphene oxide heterostructure prepared by Pt-induced oxidation and light irradiation-assisted methods. Carbon 77 (2014), 667–674.
50. [50] Xian, J.J., Li, D.Z., Chen, J., Li, X.F., He, M., Shao, Y., Yu, L.H., Fang, J.L., TiO2nanotube array–graphene–CdS quantum dots composite film in Z–scheme with enhanced photoactivity and photostability. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2014), 13157–13166.
51. [51] Ge, L., Han, C.C., Liu, J., Novel visible light-induced gC3N4/Bi2WO6composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of methyl orange. Appl. Catal. B 108–109 (2011), 100–107.
52. [52] Li, H.F., Yu, H.T., Quan, X., Chen, S., Zhang, Y.B., Uncovering the key role of the Fermi level of the electron mediator in a Z-scheme photocatalyst by detecting the charge transfer process of WO3-metal-gC3N4(metal = Cu, Ag, Au). ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 8 (2016), 2111–2119.
53. [53] Yu, Y.L., Zhang, P., Guo, L.M., Chen, Z.D., Wu, Q., Ding, Y.H., Zheng, W.J., Cao, Y.A., The design of TiO2nanostructures (nanoparticle, nanotube, and nanosheet) and their photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 118 (2014), 12727–12733.
54. [54] Bard, A.J., Parsons, R., Jordan, J., Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution. 1985, Marcel Dekker, New York.