Rationale for the increased use of conifers as functional green infrastructure: A literature review and synthesis

Arboricultural Journal

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 161-178

  Clapp, J Casey ^a   Ryan, H Dennis P ^a   Harper, Richard W ^a   Bloniarz, David V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

conifers; diversity; ecosystem benefits; green infrastructure; urban forestry

Indexed keywords

CANOPY ARCHITECTURE; CONIFEROUS TREE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; GREENSPACE; INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING; LITERATURE REVIEW; SUSTAINABILITY; URBAN FORESTRY;

CANADA; UNITED STATES;

CONIFEROPHYTA;

EID: 85027938753     PISSN: 03071375     EISSN: 21681074     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2014.950861     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Akbari, H. (2002). Shade trees reduce building energy use and CO2 emissions from power plants. Environmental Pollution, 116, 119-126.
2. Akbari, H., Kurn, D. M., Bretz, S. E., & Hanford, J. W. (1997). Peak power and cooling energy savings of shade trees. Energy and Buildings, 25, 139-148.
3. Appleton, B., Greene, V., Smith, A., French, S., Kane, B., Fox, L.,...Gilland, T. (2009). Trees and shrubs that tolerate saline soils and salt spray drift. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Publication 430-031.
4. Asadian, Y., & Weiler, M. (2009). A new approach in measuring interception by urban trees in Coastal British Columbia. Water Quality Resources Journal Canada, 44, 16-25.
5. Autodesk Sustainability Wor kshop. (2011). Building design webpage, climate and site analysis. Retrieved from http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/climate-site-Analysis
6. Barker, P. A. (1975). Ordinance control of street trees. Journal of Arboriculture, 1, 212-216.
7. Benedict, M. A., & McMahon, E. T. (2006). Infrastructure: Linking landscapes and communities. Washington, DC: Island Press.
8. Brooks, R. T., & Bloniarz, D. V. (2011). Springfield Tornado impacts on tree canopy, temperature, and humidity. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
9. Brown, J. W. (2006). Ecological: An ecosystems approach to developing infrastructure projects. Retrieved from http://www.environment.fhwa.dot.gov/ecological/eco-index.asp
10. Brown, R. D., & Gillespie, T. J. (1995). Microclimatic landscape design-Creating thermal comfort and energy efficiency. New York, NY: Wiley.
11. Bryant, M. L., Bhat, S., & Jacobs, J. M. (2005). Measurements and modeling of throughfall variability for five forest communit ies in the Southeastern US. Journal of Hydrology, 312, 95-108.
12. City of Boston Weather. (2014). Official website of the City of Boston. Retrieved from http://www.cityofboston.gov/arts/film/weather.asp
13. Clean Water Act. (1972). Summary of the Clean Water Act (1972). Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-Act
14. Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Far berk, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B.,...van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253-260.
15. Donovan G. H.,Butry D 2009 The value of shade: Estimating the effect of urban trees on summertime electricity use Energy and Buildings 41, 662-668.
16. Donovan, G. H., Michael, Y. L., Butry, D. T., Sullivan, A. D., & Chase, J. M. (2011). Urban trees and the risk of poor birth outcomes. Heath and Place, 17, 390-392.
17. Douglas, I. (1983). The urban environment. London: Arnold.
18. Fausto, M., Incerti, G., Salvatori, E., Vitale, M., Ricotta, C., & Costanza, R. (2012). Urban ecosystem services: Tree diversity and stability of tropospheric ozone removal. Ecological Applications, 22, 349-360.
19. Firehock, K. (2010). A short history of the term green infrastructure and selected literature. Green Infrastructure Center. Retrieved from http://www.gicinc.org/PDFs/GI%20History.pdf
20. Geiger, J. (2005). Air pollution control: The tree factor. Davis, CA: Center for Urban Forest Research, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service.
21. Gilman, E. F., & Watson, D. G. (1994). Taxodium distichum Baldcypress. Fact Sheet ST-620 Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
22. Grey, G. W., & Deneke , F. J. (1986). Urban forestry (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.
23. Heal, K. V., Stidson, R. T., Dickey, C. A., Cape, J. N., & Heal, M. R. (2004). New data for water losses from mature Sitka Spruce plantations in temperate upland catchments. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 43, 477-493.
24. Heisler, G. M. (1986 a ). Effects of individual trees on the solar radiation climate of small buildings. Urban Ecology, 9, 337-359.
25. Heisler, G. M. (1986 b ). Energy savings with trees. Journal of Arboriculture, 12, 113-125.
26. Hirabayashi, S. (2013). I-Tree eco precipitation interception model descriptions. Version 1.3. www.itreetools.org
27. Ives, A. R., & Carpenter, S. R. (2007). Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science, 317, 58-62.
28. Justus, J. (2008). Ecological and Lyapunov stability. Philosophy of Science, 75, 421-436.
29. Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
30. Kim, H. H. (1992). Urban heat Island. Journal of Remote Sensing, 13, 2319-2336.
31. Konopacki, S., & Akbari, H. (2001). Energy impacts of heat island reduction strategies in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada.Berkeley, CA: Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
32. Kuo, F. E. (2003). The role of arboriculture in a healthy social ecology. Journal of Arboriculture, 29, 148-155.
33. Landsb erg, H. E. (1981). The urban climate. New York, NY: Academic Press.
34. Link, T. E., Unsworth, M., & Marks, D. (2004). The dynamics of rainfall interception by a seasonal temperate rainforest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 124, 171-191.
35. Mackun, P., & Wilson, S. (2011). Population distribution and change: 2000 to 2010. US Census Bureau 2010 Census Briefs.
36. Maco, S. E., McPherson, E. G., Simpson, J. R., Peper, P. J., & Xiao, Q. (2005). City of Berkeley, California municipal tree resource analysis. Davis, CA: Center for Urban Forest Re search, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
37. McKinney M. L 2002 Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation BioScience 52, 883-893.
38. McPherson, E. G., Simpso n, J. R., Peper, P. J., Gardner, S. L., Vargas, K. E., Ho, J.,...Xiao, Q. (2005). City of Charlotte, North Carolina municipal forest resource analysis. Davis, CA: Center for Urban Forestry Research, USDA Forest S ervice, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
39. McPherson, E. G., Simpson, J. R., Peper, P. J., Maco, S. E., Gardner, S. L., Cozad, S. K., & Xiao, Q. (2005). City of Minneapolis, Minnesota municipal tree reso urce analysis. Davis, CA: Center for Urban Forestry Research, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
40. McPherson, E. G., Simpson, J. R., Peper, P. J., Maco, S. E., & Xiao, S. (2005). Mu nicipal forest benefits and costs in five US cities. Journal of Forestry, 103, 411-416.
41. Miller, R. H., & Miller, R. W. (1991). Planting survival of selected street tree taxa. Journal of Arboriculture, 17, 185-191.
42. Miyamoto, S., Martinez, I., Padilla, M., Portillo, A., & Ornelas, D. (2004). Landscape plant lists for salt tolerance assessment. USDI Bureau of Reclamation.
43. Moll, G.(1989). Improving the health of the urban forest. In G. Moll & S. Ebenreck (Eds.), A resource guide for urban and community forests (pp. 119-130). Washington, DC: Island Press.
44. National Oceanic and At mospheric Association. (2007). National ocean service's non-point source pollution education discovery kit. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved form http:/oceanservice. noaa.gov/education/kits/pollution/lessons/pollution-tutorial.pdf
45. Niemiera, A. X. (2009). Conserving energy with landscaping. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Publication 426-712.
46. Nikolopoulou, M., Baker, N., & Steemers, K. (2001). Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: Understanding the human parameter. Solar Energy, 70, 227-235.
47. Noss, R. F. (1990). Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology, 4, 355-364.
48. Nowak, D. J., Civerolo, K. L., Rao, S. T., Sistla, G., Luley, C. J., & Crane, D. J. (2000). A modeling study of the impact of urban trees on ozone. Atmospheric Environment, 34, 1601-1613.
49. Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., & Dwyer, J. F. (2002). Compensatory value of urban trees in the United States. Journal of Arboriculture, 28, 194-199.
50. Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., & Stevens, J. C. (2006). Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4, 115-123.
51. Nowak, D. J., Hoehn, R. E. III, Crane, D. E., Stevens, J. C., & Fisher, C. L. (2010). Assessing urban forest effects and values: Chicago's urban forest. USDA Forest Service, Resource Bulletin NRS-37.
52. Nowak, D. J., Pasek, J. E., Sequeira, R., Crane, D. E., & Mastro, V. C. (2001). Potential effect of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on urban trees in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94, 116-122.
53. Panagopoulos, T. (2008). Using microclimatic landscape design to create thermal comfort and energy efficiency. In Proceedings of the 1st conference on efficient buildings, University of Algarve.
54. Peper, P. J., McPherson, E. G., Simpson, J. R., Gardner, S. L., Varg as, K. E., & Xiao, Q. (2007). City of New York, New York municipal forest resource analysis. Davis, CA: Center for Urban Forest Research, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
55. Peters, E. B., & McFadden, J. P. (2010). Influence of seasonality and vegetation type on suburban microclimates. Urban Ecosystems, 13, 443-460.
56. Peters, E. B., McFadden, J. P., & Montgomery, R. A. (2010). Biological a nd environmental controls on tree transpiration in a suburban landscape. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, G04006.
57. Portland Parks and Recreation. (2011a). Street tree inventory report: Concordia neighborhood. Portl and, OR. Portland Parks and Recreation. November 2011. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
58. Portland Parks and Recreation. (2011b). Street tree inventory report: Eastmoreland neighborhood. Portland, OR. Portland Parks and Recreation. November 2011. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
59. Portland Parks and Recreation. (2011c). Street tree inventory report: Kenton neighborhood. Portland, OR. Portla nd Parks and Recreation. November 2011. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
60. Portland Parks and Recreation. (2011d). Street tree inventory report: Overlook neighborhood. Portland, OR. Portland Parks an d Recreation. November, 2011. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
61. Portland Parks and Recreation. (2011e). Street tree inventory report: Sellwood-Moreland neighborhood. Portland, OR. Portland Park s and Recreation. November 2011. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
62. Portland Parks and Recreation. (2011f). Street tree inventory report: St. Johns neighborhood. Portland, OR. Portland Parks and Recreation. November 2011. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
63. P ortland Parks and Recreation. (2012a). Street tree inventory report: Hosford-Abernethy neighborhood. Portland, OR. Portland Parks and Recreation. November 2012. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
64. Por tland Parks and Recreation. (2012b). Street tree inventory report: Northwest District. Portland, OR. Portland Parks and Recreation. November 2012. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
65. Portland Parks and Recreation. (2012c). Street tree inventory report: Sunnyside District. Portland, OR. Portland Parks and Recreation. November 2012. Retrieved from http://portlandonline.com/parks/treeinventory
66. Portland Parks and Recreation. (2012d). Tree canopy monitoring: Protocol and monitoring from 2000-2010. Portland, OR: Portland Parks and Recreation.
67. Raupp, M. J., Cumming, A. B., & Raupp, E. (2006). Street tree diversity in Eastern Nort h America and its potential for tree loss to exotic borers. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 32, 297-304.
68. Rees, W., & Wackernagel, M. (1996). Urban ecological footprints: Why cities cannot be sustainable-A nd why they are a key to sustainability. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 16, 223-248.
69. Robinette, G. O. (1972). Plants/people/and environmental quality. Washington, DC: US Department of the Interior.
70. Ryan, H. D. P., & Bloniarz, D. V. (2008). Selecting street tree species and planting locations. HortNotes, 19, 1-3.
71. Santamour, F. S. (1990). Trees for urban planting: Diversity, uniformity, and common sense. In Procee dings of the 7th conference of the metropolitan tree improvement alliance (Vol. 7, pp. 57-65).
72. Sebba, R. (1991). The landscapes of childhood: The reflection of childhood's environment in adult memories and in children's attitudes. Environment and Behavior, 2, 395-422.
73. Simpson, J. R., & McPherson, E. G. (1996). Potential of tree shade for reducing residential energy use in California. Journal of Arboriculture, 22, 10-18.
74. Taha, H. (1996). Modeling impacts of increased urban vegetation on ozone air quality in the South Coast Air Basin. Atmospheric Environment, 30, 3423-3430.
75. Urban Ecology Institute. (2008). State of the urban forest: A summary of the extent and condition of Boston's urban forest. Retrieved from http://www.growbostongreener.org
76. Western Regional Climate Center. (2003). Monthly total precipitation data sheet-Portland, OR. Retrieved from http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMONtpre.pl?or6751
77. Whelan, M. J., & Anderson, J. M. (1996). Modeling spatial patterns of throughfall and interception loss in a Norway Spruce (Picea abies) plantation at the plot scale. Journal of Hydrology, 186, 335-354.
78. White, M. P., Alcock, I., Wheeler, B. W., & Depledge, M. H. (2013). Would you be happier in a greener urban area? A fixed-effects analysis of panel data. Psychological Science, 24, 920-928.
79. Wolf, K. L., & Bratton, N. (2006). Urban trees and traffic safety: Considering US roadside policy and crash data. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 32, 170-179.
80. Wyman D 1965). Trees for American gardens. New York, NY Macmillan.
81. Xiao, Q., & McPherson, E. G. (2002). Rainfall interception by Santa Monica's municipal urban forest. Urban Ecosystems, 6, 291-302.
82. Xiao, Q., McPherson, E. G., Simpson, J. R., & Ustin, S. L. (1998). Rainfall interception of Sacramento's Urban Forest. Journal of Arboriculture, 24, 235-244.
83. Xiao, Q., McPherson, E. G., Ustin, S. L., Grismer, M. E., & Simpson, J. R. (2000). Winter rainfall interception by two mature open-grown trees in Davis, California. Hydrological Processes, 14, 763-784.
84. Zinke, P. J. (1967). Forest interception studies in the United States. In W. E. Sopper & H. W. Lull (Eds.), International symposium on forest hydrology (pp. 137-161). New York, NY: Pergamon Press.