Examining gender difference in adult-onset psychosis in Hong Kong

Early Intervention in Psychiatry

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 324-333

  Hui, Christy L M ^a   Leung, Chung Ming ^a   Chang, Wing Chung ^a   Chan, Sherry K W ^a   Lee, Edwin H M ^a   Chen, Eric Y H ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

age of onset; cognition; schizophrenia; sex difference

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER; CHINESE; DELUSION; DISEASE DURATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HONG KONG; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; ONSET AGE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL STATUS;

EID: 85027938352     PISSN: 17517885     EISSN: 17517893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/eip.12167     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Kraepelin E. Dementia Praecox and Parapherenia, R.M. Barclay, trans. New York: Krieger, 1919.
2. Cotton SM, Lambert M, Schimmelmann BG et al. Gender differences in premorbid, entry, treatment, and outcome characteristics in a treated epidemiological sample of 661 patients with first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2009; 114: 17–24.
3. Rossler W, Hengartner MP, Ajdacic-Gross V, Haker H, Angst J. Sex differences in sub-clinical psychosis – results from a community study over 30 years. Schizophr Res 2012; 139: 176–182.
4. Koster A, Lajer M, Lindhardt A, Rosenbaum B. Gender differences in first episode psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008; 43: 940–946.
5. Chang WC, Tang JYM, Hui CLM et al. Gender differences in patients presenting with first-episode psychosis in Hong Kong: a three-year follow up study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2011; 45: 199–205.
6. Ochoa S, Usall J, Cobo J, Labad X, Kulkarni J. Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review. Schizophr Res Treatment, vol 2012, Article ID 916198, 9 pages, 2012. [Cited 11 Nov 2013.] Available from URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/916198
7. Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G et al. Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization ten-country study. Psychol Med Monogr 1992; 20 (Suppl.): 1–97.
8. Castle D, Sham P, Murray R. Differences in distribution of ages of onset in males and females with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1998; 33: 179–183.
9. Usall J, Busquets E, Araya S, Ochoa S, Gost A. Gender differences in schizophrenia. A literature review. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2000; 28: 178–185.
10. Seeman TE, Singer B, Charpentier P. Gender differences in patterns of HPA axis response to challenge: Macarthur studies of successful aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1995; 20: 711–725.
11. Carpiniello B, Pinna F, Tusconi M, Zaccheddu E, Fatteri F. Gender differences in remission and recovery of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients: preliminary results of a prospective cohort study. Schizophr Res Treatment, vol. 2012, Article ID 576369, 8 pages, 2012. doi: 10.1155/2012/576369; Published online 16 Jan 2012.
12. Pek E, Mythily S, Chong SA. Clinical and social correlates of duration of untreated psychosis in first-episode psychosis patients. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2006; 35: 24–26.
13. Wunderink A, Nienhuis FJ, Sytema S, Wiersma D. Treatment delay and response rate in first episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113: 332–339.
14. Chaves AC, Seeman MV, Mari JJ, Maluf A. Schizophrenia: impact of positive symptoms on gender social role. Schizophr Res 1993; 11: 41–45.
15. Vila-Rodriguez F, Ochoa S, Autonell J, Usall J, Haro JM. Complex interaction between symptoms, social factors, and gender in social functioning in a community-dwelling sample of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Q 2011; 82: 261–274.
16. Bottlender R, Strauß A, Moller HJ. Social disability in schizophrenic, schizoaffective and affective disorders 15 years after first admission. Schizophr Res 2010; 116: 9–15.
17. Galderisi S, Bucci P, Üçok A, Peuskens J. No gender differences in social outcome in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2012; 27: 406–408.
18. Lam TH, Stewart SM, Ho LM et al. Prevalence and correlates of smoking and sexual activity among Hong Kong adolescents. J Adolesc Health 1996; 29: 352–358.
19. World Health Organization. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Global Status Reprot on Alcohol 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2004.
20. Lau JTF, Kim JH, Tsui HY. Prevalence, health outcomes, and patterns of psychotropic substance use in a Chinese population in Hong Kong: a population-based study. Subst Use Misuse 2005; 40: 187–209.
21. Faber G, Smid HGOM, Van Gool AR, Wunderink L, Wiersma D, van den Bosch RJ. Neurocognition and recovery in first episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2011; 188: 1–6.
22. Goldstein JM, Seidman LJ, Santangelo S, Knapp PH, Tsuang MT. Are schizophrenic men at higher risk for developmental deficits than schizophrenic women? Implications for adult neuropsychological functions. J Psychiatr Res 1994; 28: 483–498.
23. Bozikas VP, Kosmidis MH, Peltekis A. Sex differences in neuropsychological functioning among schizophrenia patients. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44: 333–341.
24. Hui CLM, Chang WC, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Tam WWY, Lai DC, Wong GHY, Tang JYM, Li FWS, Leung KF, McGhee SM, Sham PC, Chen EYH. (2013), Early intervention and evaluation for adult-onset psychosis: The JCEP study rationale and design. Early Interv Psychiatry doi: 10.1111/eip.12034.
25. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
26. So E, Kam I, Leung CM, Chung D, Liu Z, Fong S. The Chinese-Bilingual SCID-I/P Project: stage 1 – reliability for mood disorders and schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Psychiatry 2003; 13: 7–18.
27. Leckman JF, Sholomskas D, Thompson WD, Belanger A, Weissman MM. Best estimate of lifetime psychiatric diagnosis: a methodological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39: 879–883.
28. Cannon-Spoor HE, Potkin SG, Wyatt RJ. Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1982; 8: 470–484.
29. Foerster A, Lewis S, Owen M, Murray R. Pre-morbid adjustment and personality in psychosis. Effects of sex and diagnosis. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158: 171–176.
30. Hafner H, Riecher-Rossler A, Hambrecht M et al. IRAOS: an instrument for the assessment of onset and early course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1992; 6: 209–223.
31. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13: 21–76.
32. Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Iowa City: University of Iowa, 1984.
33. Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Iowa City: University of Iowa, 1983.
34. Simpson GM, Angus JWS. A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1970; 45: 11–19.
35. Barnes TR. A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 154: 672–676.
36. Guy W. Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS). In: ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, Revised (DHEW Publ No ADM 76–338). Rockville, MD, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, NIMH Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs, 1976; 534–537.
37. Lingjaerde O, Ahlfors UG, Bech P, Dencker SJ, Elgen K. The UKU side effect rating scale: a new comprehensive rating scale for psychotropic drugs and a cross-sectional study of side effects in neuroleptic-treated patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 334: 1–100.
38. Goldman HH, Skodol AE, Lave TR. Revising axis V for DSM-IV: a review of measures of social functioning. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 1148–1156.
39. Goodman SH, Sewell DR, Cooley EL, Leavitt N. Assessing levels of adaptive functioning: the role functioning scale. Community Ment Health J 1993; 29: 119–131.
40. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1981.
41. Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale Revised Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1987.
42. Hong Kong Psychological Society. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (Cantonese Version). Hong Kong: Hong Kong Psychological Society, 1989.
43. Chen EY, Shapleske J, Luque R et al. The Cambridge Neurological Inventory: a clinical instrument for assessment of soft neurological signs in psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res 1995; 56: 183–204.
44. Perlick D, Mattis S, Stastny P, Teresi J. Gender differences in cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1992; 8: 69–73.
45. Lewine RRJ, Walker EF, Shurett R, Caudle J, Haden C. Sex differences in neuropsychological functioning among schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 1178–1184.
46. Karilampi U, Helldin L, Archer T. Cognition and global assessment of functioning in male and female outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 2011; 199: 445–448.
47. Childers SE, Harding CM. Gender, premorbid social functioning, and long-term outcome in DSM-III schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1990; 16: 309–318.
48. Buchanan RW, Carpenter WT. Concept of schizophrenia. In: Sadock RJ, Sadock VA, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Vol. 1, 8th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott, William, Wilkins, 2005; 1329–1345.
49. Riecher-Rossler A, Hafner H, Stumbaum M, Maurer K, Schmidt R. Can estradiol modulate schizophrenic symptomatology? Schizophr Bull 1994; 20: 203–214.
50. Norman RMG, Malla AK, Manchanda R, Townsend L. Premorbid adjustment in first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders: a comparison of social and academic domains. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005; 112: 30–39.
51. Castle DJ, Murray RM. The neurodevelopmental basis of sex differences in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 1991; 21: 565–575.
52. Szymanski S, Lieberman JA, Alvir JM et al. Gender differences in onset of illness, treatment response, course, and biologic indexes in first-episode schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 698–703.
53. Barajas A, Banos I, Ochoa S et al. Age of onset of a first psychotic episode: are there any clinical differences between men and women? Psiquiatr Biol 2007; 14: 136–141.
54. Cascio MT, Cella M, Preti A, Meneghelli A, Cocchi A. Gender and duration of untreated psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2012; 6: 115–127.
55. Perala J, Suvisaari J, Saarni SI et al. Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64: 19–28.
56. McGrath J, Saha S, Chant D, Welham J. Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiol Rev 2008; 30: 67–76.
57. Chen EYH, Hui CLM, Dunn ELW et al. A prospective 3-year longitudinal study of cognitive predictors of relapse in first episode schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2005; 77: 99–104.