Key stakeholder perspectives on the barriers and solutions to pharmacy practice towards complementary medicines: An Australian experience

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2017, Pages

  Ung, Carolina Oi Lam ^a   Harnett, Joanna ^b   Hu, Hao ^a  

^a University of Macau   (Macao)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Australia; Barriers; Complementary medicines; Pharmacist; Pharmacy practice; Solutions

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; AUSTRALIA; CLINICAL STUDY; CONSUMER ADVOCACY; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; LEADERSHIP; MALE; MEDICAL SOCIETY; PERCEPTION; PHARMACIST; PHARMACY SCHOOL; PHYSICIAN; PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE; RESPONSIBILITY; SKILL; STAFF; ACCESS TO INFORMATION; ATTITUDE; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; INDUSTRY; PHARMACY; PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE; PROFESSIONAL STANDARD;

ACCESS TO INFORMATION; ATTITUDE; ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; AUSTRALIA; COMMUNITY PHARMACY SERVICES; COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES; CONSUMER ADVOCACY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDUSTRY; MALE; PHARMACISTS; PHARMACY; PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE; PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE; PROFESSIONAL ROLE; SOCIETIES, MEDICAL;

EID: 85027137929     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726882     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1899-5     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. World Health Organization. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy. 2014-2023:2013. http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/traditional/trm_strategy14_23/en/. Accessed 6 Aug 2017
2. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). Complementary, alternative, or integrative health: what's in a name?. https://integralwellnessbydesign.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/cam_basics_what_are_caiha.pdf. Accessed 6 Aug 2017.
3. Robinson MM, Zhang X. The world medicines situation 2011 (traditional medicines: global situation, issues and challenges). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
4. Reid I. Natural Health Product Tracking Survey--2010 Final Report. Natural Health Products Directorate-Health Canada. http://www.int4life.ca/uploads/5/1/5/1/5151557/2010_report.pdf. Accessed 26 June 2016.
5. Wood V. OTC Market Report 2012: introduction. Canadian Healthcare Network. 2012. http://www.canadianhealthcarenetwork.ca/pharmacists/clinical/otc/otc-market-report-2012-introduction-16126. Accessed 26 June 2016.
6. Clarke TC, Black LI, Stussman BJ, Barnes PM, Nahin RL. National Institutes of HealthNational Health Statsitics Reports: Trends in the Use of Complementary Health Approaches Among Adults: United States, 2002-2012. 2015. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr079.pdf. Accessed 6 Aug 2017.
7. Xue CC, Zhang AL, Lin V, Da Costa C, Story DF. Complementary and alternative medicine use in Australia: a national population-based survey. J Altern Complement Med. 2007;13(6):643-50.
8. Nahin RL, Barnes PM, Stussman BJ, Bloom B. Costs of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and frequency of visits to CAM practitioners: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Report. 2009;18:1-14.
9. Health Canada. About natural health product regulation in Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/regulation/about-products.html. Accessed 26 June 2016.
10. Dietary Supplements. Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. http://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/default.htm. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
11. Food supplements - Summary information on legislation relating to the sale of food supplements. Department of Health, the United Kingdom. 2011. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/204303/Supplements_Summary__Jan_2012__DH_FINAL.doc.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
12. Complementary medicines. Therapeutic Goods Administration, Department of Health, Australian Government. https://www.tga.gov.au/complementary-medicines. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
13. China Food and Drug Administration. http://www.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0412/. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
14. Kanjanarach T, Krass I, Cumming R. Exploratory study of factors influencing practice of pharmacists in Australia and Thailand with respect to dietary supplements and complementary medicines. Int J Pharm Pract. 2006;14:123-8.
15. Koh HL, Teo HH, Ng HL. Pharmacists' patterns of use, knowledge, and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine. J Altern Complement Med. 2003;9:51-63.
16. McHughes M, Timmermann BN. A review of the use of CAM therapy and the sources of accurate and reliable information. J Manag Care Pharm. 2005;11:695-703.
17. Hirschkorn KA. Exclusive versus everyday forms of professional knowledge: legitimacy claims in conventional and alternative medicine. Sociol Health Illn. 2006;28(5):533-57.
18. Hasan SS, Ahmed SI, Bukhari NI, Loon WC. Use of complementary and alternative medicine among patients with chronic diseases at outpatient clinics. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2009;15(3):152-7.
19. Xu J, Yang Y. Traditional Chinese medicine in the Chinese health care system. Health Policy. 2009;90:133-9.
20. Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Anderson TE, Mitchell AA. Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States. The Slone survey. JAMA. 2002;287(3):337-44.
21. Thomson P, et al. Why people seek complementary and alternative medicine before conventional medical treatment: a population based study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014;20:339-46.
22. Williamson M, Tudball J, Toms M, Garden F, Grunseit A. Information use and needs of complementary medicines users. Sydney: National Prescribing Service; 2008.
23. Koslow S. Consumer behaviour fact book. 2015. http://www.wsmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CONSUMER-BEHAVIOUR-FACT-BOOK_MARCH-2015.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
24. Iyer P, McFarland R, La Caze A. Expectations and responsibilities regarding the sale of complementary medicines in pharmacies: perspectives of consumers and pharmacy support staff. Int J Pharm Pract. 2016;16
25. Prayle D, Brazier M. Supply of medicines: paternalism, autonomy and reality. J Med Ethics. 1998;24(2):93-8.
26. Boon H. CAM and Pharmacists: challenge or opportunity? Focus Alternative Complementary Therapies. 2005;10(2):1-3.
27. WHO Drug Information Vol. 14, No. 1, 2000 http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh1462e/1.html. Accessed10 Oct 2016.
28. International Pharmaceutical Federation. Good Pharmacy Practice. http://www.fip.org/www/uploads/database_file.php?id=331&table_id=. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
29. Miller LG, Hume A, Harris IM, et al. White paper on herbal products. American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy. 2000;20(7):877-91.
30. Walji R, Boon H, Barnes J, Welsh S, Austin Z, Baker GR. Reporting natural health product related adverse drug reactions: is it the pharmacist's responsibility? Int J Pharm Pract. 2011;19(6):383-91.
31. Shaw D, Graeme L, Pierre D, Elizabeth W, Kelvin C. Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;140(3):513-8.
32. Barnes J. Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines: a UK perspective. Drug Saf. 2003;26:829-51.
33. CFDA. Annual Report on ADR in China; 2015, http://www.sda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0844/158940.html. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
34. Metcalfe A, Williams J, McChesney J, Patten SB, Jette N. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by those with a chronic disease and the general population the results of a national population based survey. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010;10:58.
35. Pollow RL, Stoller EP, Forster LE, Duniho TS. Drug combinations and potential for risk of adverse drug reaction among community-dwelling elderly. Nurs Res. 1994;43(1):44-9.
36. Tachjian A, Maria V, Jahangir A. Use of herbal products and potential interactions in patients with cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(6):515-25.
37. Hu Z, Yang X, Ho PC, et al. Herb-drug interactions: a literature review. Drugs. 2005;65(9):1239-82.
38. Kwan D, Boon HS, Hirschkorn K, Welsh S, Jurgens T, Eccott L, Heschuk S, Griener GG, Cohen-Kohler JC. Exploring consumer and pharmacist views on the professional role of the pharmacist with respect to natural health products: a study of focus groups. BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine. 2008;8:40.
39. Ung COL, Harnett J, Hu H. Community pharmacist's responsibilities with regards to traditional medicine/complementary medicine products: a systematic literature review. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2017;13(4):686-716.
40. Tiralongo E, Braun L, Wilkinson J, Spizer O, Bailey M, Poole S, Dooley M. Exploring the integration of complementary medicines into Australian pharmacy practice with a focus on different practice settings and background knowledge. J Complement Integr Med. 2010;7:1-23.
41. Therapeutic Goods Administration, Department of Health. 2016 - An overview of the regulation of complementary medicines in Australia. https://www.tga.gov.au/overview-regulation-complementary-medicines-australia. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
42. Complementary Medicines Australia. Complementary Medicines Australia Industry Survey. 2014. http://www.cmaustralia.org.au/resources/Documents/Reports/CMA%20Industry%20Audit%202014.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
43. D'Onise K, Haren MT, Misan GM, McDermott RA. Who uses complementary and alternative therapies in regional South Australia? Evidence from the Whyalla intergenerational study of health. Aust Health Rev. 2013;37(1):104-11.
44. McLaughlin D1, Lui CW, Adams J. Complementary and alternative medicine use among older Australian women--a qualitative analysis. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:34.
45. Sibbritt D, Adams J, Lui CW, Broom A, Wardle J. Who uses glucosamine and why? A study of 266,848 Australians aged 45 years and older. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41540.
46. Chang KH, Brodie R, Choong MA, Sweeney KJ, Kerin MJ. Complementary and alternative medicine use in oncology: a questionnaire survey of patients and health care professionals. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:196.
47. Grant SJ, Bin YS, Kiat H, Chang DH. The use of complementary and alternative medicine by people with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:299.
48. Braun LA, Cohen M. Use of complementary medicines by cardiac surgery patients; undisclosed and undetected. Heart Lung Circ. 2011;20(5):305-11.
49. Spinks J, Hollingsworth B, Manderson L, Lin V, Canaway R. Costs and drivers of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in people with type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Eur J Int Med. 2013;5(1):44-53.
50. Murthy V, Sibbritt D, Adams J, Broom A, Kirby E, Refshauge KM. Self-prescribed complementary and alternative medicine use for back pain amongst a range of care options: results from a nationally representative sample of 1310 women aged 60-65 years. Complement Ther Med. 2014;22(1):133-40.
51. Kirby ER, Broom AF, Sibbritt DW, Adams J, Refshauge KM. A national cross-sectional survey of back pain care amongst Australian women aged 60-65. Eur J Int Med. 2013;5(1):36-43.
52. Adams J, Sibbritt D, Lui CW. The use of complementary and alternative medicine during pregnancy: a longitudinal study of Australian women. Birth. 2011;38(3):200-6.
53. Sim TF, Sherriff J, Hattingh HL, Parsons R, Tee LB. The use of herbal medicines during breastfeeding: a population-based survey in Western Australia. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:317.
54. Morgan TK, Williamson M, Pirotta M, Stewart K, Myers SP, Barnes J. A national census of medicines use: a 24-hour snapshot of Australians aged 50 years and older. Med J Aust. 2012;196(1):50-3.
55. Braun LA, Tiralongo E, Wilkinson JM, Poole S, Spitzer O, Bailey M, Dooley M. Adverse reactions to complementary medicines: the Australian pharmacy experience. Int J Pharm Pract. 2010;18(4):242-4.
56. Moses GM, McGuire TM. Drug interactions with complementary medicines. Aust Prescr. 2010;33:177-80.
57. National productivity service. Information use and needs of complementary medicines users. December 2008, updated April 2009, pp. 6-7; https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/537406/Information_Use_and_Needs_of_Complementary_Medicines_Users.pdf. Accessed 6 Aug 2017.
58. Code of ethics for pharmacists. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia, 2011 (updated 2015). https://www.psa.org.au/membership/ethics. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
59. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. Complementary medicines Position Statement, 2015 http://www.psa.org.au/downloads/ent/uploads/filebase/policies/position-statement-complementary-medicines.pdf. Accessed 6 Aug 2017.
60. Australian Government Department of Health. National medicines policy document. 2014. http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/national-medicines-policy. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
61. Joyce AW, Sunderland VB, Burrows S, McManus A, Howat P, Maycick B. Community pharmacy's role in promoting healthy behaviours. J Pharm Pract Res. 2007;37:42-4.
62. Kanjanarach T, Krass I, Cumming R. Australian community pharmacists' practice in complementary medicines: a structural equation modeling approach. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;83:352-9.
63. Braun LA, Tiralongo E, Wilkinson JM, Spitzer O, Bailey M, Poole S, Dooley M. Perceptions, use and attitudes of pharmacy customers on complementary medicines and pharmacy practice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010;10:38.
64. Guirguis K. The use of nonprescription medicines among elderly patients with chronic illness and their need for pharmacist interventions. Consult Pharm. 2010;25(7):433-9.
65. Bushett NJ, Dickson-Swift VA, Willis JA, Wood P. Rural Australian community pharmacists' views on complementary and alternative medicine: a pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:103.
66. Kwan D, Hirschkorn K, Boon H. U.S. and Canadian pharmacists' attitudes, knowledge, and professional practice behaviors toward dietary supplements: a systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006;6:31.
67. Asahina Y, Hori S, Sawada Y. Community pharmacists' attitudes relating to patients' use of health products in Japan. Int J Clin Pharm. 2012;34(4):529-37.
68. Tran S, Calabretto JP, Sorich M. Consumer-pharmacist interactions around complementary medicines: agreement between pharmacist and consumer expectations, satisfaction and pharmacist influence. Int J Pharm Pract. 2013;21(6):378-85.
69. Welna EM, Hadsall RS, Schommer JC. Pharmacists' personal use, professional practice behaviors, and perceptions regarding herbal and other natural products. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2003;43(5):602-11.
70. Braun L, Cohen M. Australian hospital pharmacists' attitudes, perceptions, knowledge and practices of CAMs. J Pharm Pract Res. 2007;37(3):220-3.
71. Brown JA, Roufogalis BD, Williamson M. Complementary medicines: hospital pharmacists' attitude, knowledge and information seeking behaviour. J Pharm Pract Res. 2009;39:281-5.
72. Marshall MN. Sampling for qualitative research. Fam Pract. 1996;13(6):522-6.
73. Freymann H, Rennie T, Bates I, Nebel S, Heinrich M. Knowledge and use of complementary and alternative medicine among British undergraduate pharmacy students. Pharm World Sci. 2006;28:13-8.
74. Kreitzer MJ, Mitten D, Harris I, Shandeling J. Attitudes toward CAM among medical, nursing, and pharmacy faculty students: a comparative analysis. Altern Ther Health Med. 2002;8(44-7):50-3.
75. Tiralongo E, Wallis M. Attitudes and perceptions of Australian pharmacy students towards complementary and alternative medicine - a pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008;8:2.
76. Sewitch MJ, Cepoiu M, Rigillo N, Sproule D. A literature review of health care professional attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine. Complement Health Pract Rev. 2008;13:139-54.
77. Naidu S, Wilkinson J, Simpson M. Attitudes of Australian pharmacists toward complementary and alternative medicines. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39:1456-61.
78. Semple SJ, Hotham E, Rao D, Martin K, Smith CA, Bloustien GF. Community pharmacists in Australia: barriers to information provision on complementary and alternative medicines. Pharm World Sci. 2006;28:366-73.
79. Steenfeldt L, Hughes J. An evidence-based course in complementary medicines. Am J Pharm Educ. 2012;76(10):200.
80. Brooks PM. It's time to plan our future health system. Med J Aust. 2005;183:545.
81. Brooks PM. Undergraduate teaching of complementary medicine. Med J Aust. 2004;181:275.
82. Owen D, Lewith GT. Teaching integrated care: CAM familiarisation courses. Med J Aust. 2004;181:276-8.
83. Mills E, Hollyer T, Saranchuk R, Wilson K. Teaching evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine (EBCAM); changing behaviours in the face of reticence: a cross-over trial. BMC Med Educ. 2002;2:2.
84. Taing MW, Tan ETX, Williams GM, Clavarino AM, McGuire TM. Herbal and nutrient complementary medicines for weight loss: community pharmacists' practices, attitudes, recommendations, information and education needs. Int J Pharm Pract. 2016;24:160-9.
85. Culverhouse SE, Wohlmuth H. Factors affecting pharmacists' recommendation of complementary medicines - a qualitative pilot study of Australian pharmacists. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:183.
86. Easton K and National Prescribing Service (Australia). Complementary medicines: attitudes and information needs of consumers and healthcare professionals. National Prescribing Service Limited, Surry Hills, N.S.W; 2007.
87. Banks J, Shaw A, Weiss MC. The community pharmacy and discursive complexity: a qualitative study of interaction between counter assistants and customers. Health Soc Care Community. 2007;15:313-21.
88. Stevenson FA, Leontowitsch M, Duggan C. Over the-counter medicines: professional expertise and consumer discourses. Sociol Health Illn. 2008;30:913-28.
89. Iyer P, McFarland R, La Caze A. Expectations and responsibilities regarding the sale of complementary medicines in pharmacies: perspectives of consumers and pharmacy support staff. Int J Pharm Pract. 2017;25(4):292-300.
90. Bensoussan A, Lewith GT. Complementary medicine research in Australia: a strategy for the future. Med J Aust. 2004;181(6):331-3.
91. References recommended by the Pharmacy Board of Australia. June 2016. Reference list http://www.psa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/5020-Bookzone-checklist-June-2016.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct 2016.
92. McGuire TM, Walters JA, Dean AJ, Van Driel M, Del Mar C, Kotsirilos V, Moses GM, Chong S, Deed G, Eldred B, Hardy J, Heussler H, Hollingworth S, Marron L, Mendel J, Pache D, Steadman K, Trenerry H, Brown J, Williamson M. Review of the quality of complementary medicines information resources: Summary report. Australia: National prescribing service limited; 2009. p. 1-54.
93. Brown JMT, et al. Complementary medicines information use and needs of health professionals: general practitioners and pharmacists. Sydney: National Prescribing Service; 2008.
94. van Eikenhorst L, Salema NE, Anderson C. A systematic review in select countries of the role of the pharmacist in consultations and sales of non-prescription medicines in community pharmacy. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2017;13(1):17-38.
95. Westerlund LOT, Marklund BRG, Handl WHA, Thunberg ME, Allebeck P. Nonprescription drug related problems and pharmacy interventions. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35:1343-9.