Network Storage: Tools and Technologies for Storing Your Company's Data

Network Storage: Tools and Technologies for Storing Your Company's Data

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 1-265

  O'Reilly, James ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIG DATA; DIGITAL STORAGE; DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEMS;

CONNECTION SCHEMES; DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS; HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING; LONG TERM PLANNING; OPERATIONAL BEHAVIOR; STORAGE NETWORKS; STREAM PROCESSING; TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES;

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT;

EID: 85026827199     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (473)

1. SSDs achieving 1+ million random IOPS. http://hothardware.com/news/seagate-debuts-10gbps-nvme-ssd.
2. SDD achieving parity on price per gigabyte with hard drives. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/storage-market-out-old-new/355694318.
3. Fibre channel losing the war with Ethernet. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/05/26/fcoe_is_dead_for_real_bro/.
4. Primary storage architecture obsolescent, at best. http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2015/02/23/fibre_channel_trios_confinement/.
5. Oracle's 100x performance boost. http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/pressrelease/database-in-memory-061014.
6. Big Data definition. http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/big-data/.
7. Open-sourced storage software. http://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/open-source-cloud-computing-software,2-754-5.html.
8. Scale of AWS S3 storage. http://www.information-age.com/technology/cloud-and-virtualisation/123460903/how-success-aws-turning-s3-enterprise-storage-%E2%80%98must-have.
9. Low cost vendors are now strong enough to enter the commercial US and EU markets. http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/tip/Is-it-better-to-build-or-buy-data-center-hardware.
10. Dell and EMC. http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2016/02/25/dell-emc-merger-gets-ftc-approval-remains-on-track-to-close/#261b0c186743.
11. Hyper-converged Systems Description. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hyper-converged-infrastructure.html.
12. Hybrid Clouds. http://www.cio.com/article/3022834/cloud-computing/hybrid-clouds-are-hot-sdns-and-devops-coming-on-strong.html.
13. Software-Defined Storage. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/what-software-defined-storage-really/447097217.
14. HDS Company Website. http://www.hds.com/.
15. EMC Company Website. http://www.emc.com/.
16. SAN Storage Tiered Vertically. http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSQRB8/com.ibm.spectrum.si.doc/tpch_saas_r_volume_optimization_process.html.
17. All-Flash Arrays. http://www.solidfire.com/lp/gmq-2015?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_content=gmq2015&utm_campaign=All-Flash-Array-NA&mcf=PPC&mcdf=Google+AdWords&mcl=PPC&mcdl=Google+AdWords&_bt=93484570485&_bk=all%20flash%20arrays&_bm=e&gclid=CjwKEAjwuPi3BRClk8TyyMLloxgSJAAC0XsjMUcaQ2nX8WkgVzWtIWCNndq16tVg2BPlX7oALdX0hBoCLPPw_wcB.
18. Open-e Company Website. http://www.open-e.com/solutions/recommendations/solutions-iscsi/iscsi-storage/.
19. The Cloud is Absorbing Most of the SMB Segment. https://services.amazon.com/content/sell-on-amazon.htm/ref=footer_soa?ld=AZFSSOA-dT1.
20. The UNIX Revolution. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2524456/linux/unix-turns-40%5fthe-past%5fpresent-and-future-of-a-revolutionary-os.html.
21. The Ascendency of Linux. http://linux.about.com/cs/linux101/a/linux.htm.
22. Solid-State Storage. http://www.wired.com/2015/08/flash-storage/.
23. SSD Storage is Already Cheaper Than So-Called "Enterprise" Hard Drives. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/ssd-pricing-vs-hdd-costs/851436865.
24. SSD Price Level with Commodity Hard Disk Drives. http://www.storagenewsletter.com/rubriques/market-reportsresearch/capacity-ssds-cheaper-than-capacity-hdds-in-2016-wikibon/.
25. Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/FUD-Fear-Uncertainty-and-Doubt.
26. Mergers of Giants. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/news/4500269496/Data-storage-vendors-in-the-hot-seat-in-2016-outlook.
27. Chinese ODMs. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/03/09/global_server_market_in_q4/.
28. SuperMicro Company Website. http://www.supermicro.com/.
29. Quanta Company Website. http://www.qct.io/.
30. SSDs Will Have Capacities in the 20 to 30Terabyte Range. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/ssds-bigger-better-faster-and-cheaper/280376343.
31. Seagate Kinetic Ethernet Drives. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/03/17/seagate_has_seen_the_light/.
32. Talk of 200GbE. http://www.hpcwire.com/2016/03/22/mellanox-reveals-200-gbps-path/.
33. Need to Accelerate Fiber Roll-Outs. http://www.fiercetelecom.com/story/cincinnati-bells-fiber-depth-clear-fioptics-footprint-80-ftth-enabled-analy/2016-03-18.
34. All Backup and Archiving in Cloud. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/feature/Storage-purchase-plans-move-to-cloud-with-rising-budgets.
35. Tape Will Likely, Finally, Be Dead. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/tape-storage-really-dead/1521473970.
36. MAID (Massive Array of Idle Drives). http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Benefits-and-limitations-of-MAID-storage-A-step-toward-a-green-data-centre.
37. 3D X-Point Memory. http://www.zdnet.com/article/how-intels-3d-xpoint-will-change-servers-and-storage/.
38. Graphene. http://www.bostoncommons.net/what-are-graphene-transistors/.
39. Hybrid Memory Cube. http://news.softpedia.com/news/micron-unveils-third-generation-hybrid-memory-cube-in-2016-491406.shtml.
40. Storage Area Network. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/storage-area-network-SAN.
41. Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RAID.html.
42. Fibre-Channel over Ethernet. http://www.fcoe.com/.
43. iSCSI. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/iSCSI.
44. FC switches ... Brocade company website. http://www.brocade.com/.
45. Host-Bus Adapters Avago company website. http://www.avagotech.com/products/server-storage/fibre-channel-host-bus-adapters/.
46. Just a Bunch of Drives. http://www.aberdeeninc.com/abcatg/jbod-storage-expansion.htm.
47. Two ports on each drive. http://serialstoragewire.net/Articles/2007_07/developer24.html.
48. Typical drive caddies. http://www.newmodeus.com/shop/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=199.
49. EMC's ViPR. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMC_ViPR.
50. Open-e company website. http://www.open-e.com/.
51. Block-IO definition. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/answer/What-is-block-I-O.
52. Logical Units definition. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/answer/What-is-a-LUN-and-why-do-we-need-one.
53. EMC company website. http://www.emc.com/.
54. HPE (Hewlett-Packard Enterprise) company website. http://www.hpe.com/.
55. HDS (Hitachi Data Systems) company website. http://www.hds.com/.
56. Fujitsu company website. http://www.fujitsu.com/.
57. IBM (International Business machines) company website. http://www.ibm.com/.
58. Dell company website. http://www.dell.com/.
59. DDN (Data Direct Networks) company website. http://www.ddn.com/.
60. Dot Hill company website. http://www.dothill.com/.
61. Filer out-performed SAN. http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Block-vs-file-for-Hyper-V-and-VMware-storage-Which-is-better.
62. Atto company website. http://www.atto.com/.
63. QLogic company website. http://www.aqlogic.com/.
64. Cisco company website. http://www.cisco.com/.
65. NetApp company website. http://www.netapp.com/.
66. Cloning description. http://www.netapp.com/us/media/ds-2837-flexclone.pdf.
67. Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA). http://www.snia.org/.
68. Network-Attached Storage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-attached_storage.
69. Sun Microsystems. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Sun-Microsystems.
70. NFSv4. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SNIA_An_Overview_of_NFSv4-3_0.pdf.
71. IETF. http://www.ietf.org/.
72. Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365233(v=vs.85).aspx.
73. Microsoft Active Directory. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb742424.aspx.
74. SanDisk company website (Note SanDisk has been acquired by Western digital Corp.). http://www.sandisk.com/.
75. Ceph object storage software. http://www.ceph.com/.
76. CRUSH algorithm (Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing). http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/CRUSH-Controlled-Replication-Under-Scalable-Hashing.
77. Scality's Ring object storage software. http://www.scality.com/.
78. What is metadata. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/metadata.
79. REST protocol. http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/REST.
80. SATA-Express interface. https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/SATA_Express-SV2013.pdf.
81. Drive reliability "bathtub" curve. https://www.quora.com/What-causes-the-bathtub-curve-failure-rate-in-hard-drives.
82. Bathtub curve is a good model. https://www.quora.comWhat-causes-the-bathtub-curve-failure-rate-in-hard-drives.
83. Need to track failure rates. https://www.backblaze.com/hard-drive.html.
84. SAS versus SATA interface. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/will-sata-express-dethrone-sas/1120840364.
85. A final myth is that an HDD is cheaper than an SSD. http://www.storagenewsletter.com/rubriques/market-reportsresearch/capacity-ssds-cheaper-than-capacity-hdds-in-2016-wikibon/.
86. The most important SSD myth is the wear-out issue. https://www2.wwt.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/10-Myths-About-Flash-Storage-TechTarget-NetApp-WWT.pdf.
87. InfiniBand. http://www.infinibandta.org/content/pages.php?pg=technology_overview.
88. RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet). http://www.mellanox.com/page/products_dyn?product_family=79.
89. iWARP (Internet Wide Area RDMA Protocol). http://www.networkworld.com/article/2858017/ethernet-switch/iwarp-update-advances-rdma-over-ethernet-for-data-center-and-cloud-networks.html.
90. All-Flash Arrays (AFA). http://searchsolidstatestorage.techtarget.com/essentialguide/Flash-storage-Guide-to-enterprise-all-flash-storage-arrays.
91. The Unix/Linux Revolution. http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/07/should-we-thank-for-feds-for-the-success-of-unix/.
92. Red Hat Company Website. http://www.Redhat.com.
93. Just a Bunch of Drives (JBOD). http://www.storagecraft.com/blog/jbod-care/.
94. Direct-Attached Storage (DAS). http://www.storagereview.com/what_is_direct_attached_storage_das.
95. Symantec/Veritas Products. https://www.veritas.com/product/storage-management/infoscale-storage?s_kwcid=AL!4649!3!91706185265!e!!g!!veritas&om_sem_kw=veritas&ef_id=VWnhSwAABPg-ModJ:20160331230326:s.
96. SSDs Are Way Faster Than HDD. http://itblog.sandisk.com/the-accelerating-economics-of-flash-and-the-retreat-of-hard-disk-drives/.
97. Microsoft Has Ventured Into the (Storage) Oceans. http://www.citylab.com/tech/2016/02/microsoft-cloud-ocean-project-natick/459318/.
98. File Deduplication. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/data-deduplication.
99. Compression. http://www.data-compression.com/index.shtml.
100. Advanced Compression. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/brotli/vignettes/brotli-2015-09-22.pdf.
101. OpenStack Organization. http://www.openstack.org/.
102. Ceph Special Interest Group. http://www.ceph.com/.
103. Gluster File System Special Interest Group. https://www.gluster.org/.
104. Merger Between Dell and EMC. http://fortune.com/2015/10/12/dell-and-emc-merger-official/.
105. Mellanox company Website. http://www.mellanox.com.
106. Chelsio Company Website. http://www.chelsio.com.
107. OpenStack's Swift is a Competitor. https://www.openstack.org/summit/vancouver-2015/summit-videos/presentation/swift-vs-ceph-from-an-architectural-standpoint.
108. VMware Company Website. http://www.vmware.com/.
109. Wikicommons File Stack Eye-Test Chart. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/IO_stack_of_the_Linux_kernel.svg.
110. The Industry Looked Beyond SCSI. http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/lcjpcojp13_wheeler.pdf.
111. Magic of NVM-Express. http://www.nvmexpress.org/.
112. NVMe Jumbo Interrupt. https://www.osr.com/nt-insider/2014-issue4/introduction-nvme-technology/.
113. Further Reduction in I/O Overhead. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/NVM13-Wheeler_Linux_and_NVM.pdf.
114. SNIA's NVMe Over Fabrics Project. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/ESF/NVMe_Under_Hood_12_15_Final2.pdf.
115. The Cost of Extra Storage Drives. http://www.storagenewsletter.com/rubriques/systems-raid-nas-san/five-things-storage-vendors-are-not-telling-you/.
116. Low-Margin Hardware. http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/07/13/odm-storage-vendors-gain-share-from-giants-emc-hp-ibm-netapp-lose-market-presence/#40841d6d173e.
117. Chinese ODMs. https://www.ventureoutsource.com/contract-manufacturing/focus-odm-quanta-it-shift-cloud-infrastructure-leaving-dell-hp-traditional.
118. Software-Defined Storage (SDS). http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/software-defined-storage-deeper-look/617535779.
119. SNIA CDMI Sub-Committee. http://www.snia.org/cdmi.
120. Traditional Vendors Wrapping Proprietary, Appliance-Tied Code. https://blog.osnexus.com/2013/11/27/what-is-software-defined-storage-sds/.
121. EMC ViPR. http://www.emc.com/products/storage/software-defined-storage/vipr-controller.htm.
122. Copperhead Open Source Software. http://www.emc.com.mt/about/news/press/2015/20150505-02.htm.
123. Nexenta Company Website. http://www.nexenta.com/.
124. Scality Company Website. http://www.scality.com/.
125. Datacore Company Website. http://www.datacore.com/.
126. Windows Storage Server. https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj643303.aspx.
127. Ceph Special Interest Group. http://www.ceph.com/.
128. Lego's Danish magic. http://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/this-lego-porsche-911-gt3-rs-looks-amazing-video-ar173138.html.
129. Cloud Data Management Interface. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SDC15_presentations/cloud/DavidSlik_Using_CDMI_Management.pdf.
130. IBM Picked up Cleversafe. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/why-ibm-bought-cleversafe/1349563859.
131. Symantec Company Website. http://www.symantec.com/.
132. NetApp Company Website. http://www.netapp.com/.
133. HPE (Hewlett-Packard Enterprise) Company Website. http://www.hpe.com/.
134. DDN (Data Direct Networks) Company Website. http://www.ddn.com/.
135. SuperMicro Company Website. http://www.supermicro.com/.
136. Quanta Company Website. http://www.qct.io/.
137. Lenovo. http://www.crn.com/news/storage/300076946/lenovo-enters-enterprise-storage-market-without-emc-ibm-help.htm.
138. Mitac. http://www.mic-holdings.com/.
139. Other methods of addressing storage haven't been supplanted. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/feature/Object-storage-vendors-push-NAS-out-of-the-enterprise.
140. NVMe over Fabrics. http://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/nvme-over-fabrics-qlogic-brocade,1%5f3064.html.
141. RDMA, etc already available on Ethernet. http://www.mellanox.com/blog/2015/12/top-7-reasons-why-fibre-channel-is-doomed/.
142. FCoE not strongly supported. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/05/26/fcoe_is_dead_for_real_bro/.
143. Ethernet network rather than a Fibre-Channel one. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/sinking-fibre-channel-san/110754926.
144. iWARP is beating out RoCE. http://www.hpcwire.com/2015/11/30/roce-fails-to-scale-the-dangers-of-sliding-down-the-roce-path/.
145. Virtual SANs. http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/tip/NVDIMM-and-RDMA-offer-significant-virtualization-advantages.
146. 3D X-Point memory. http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1328682.
147. Highly commoditized industry on the hardware side. http://www.networkcomputing.com/data-centers/server-market-under-siege/2095215192.
148. Software-Defined Networking. https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt403307.aspx.
149. Fulfillment companies. http://www.nfsrv.com/what-is-a-fulfillment-company.html.
150. Loss of manufacturing just like the TV business has seen. http://www.techhive.com/article/2955338/smart-tv/sharp-tvs-wont-be-made-by-sharp-anymore.html.
151. Hyper-converged clusters. http://searchvirtualstorage.techtarget.com/feature/Hyper-converged-market-grows-but-is-still-young.
152. Hybrid Memory Cube. https://www.micron.com/support/faqs/products/hybrid-memory-cube.
153. Gelsinger: Half of the Top-100 tech companies will disappear. http://www.barrons.com/articles/vmware-ceo-half-of-top-100-tech-firms-may-vanish-1441306683.
154. Getting the job done quickly. https://www.tintri.com/blog/2011/12/when-it-cheaper-use-ssd-vs-hdd.
155. Short-stroking the drive. https://storageswiss.com/2015/12/22/unintended-consequences-afa-shrinking/.
156. SSD actually wins on price. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/ssd-prices-free-fall/1147938888.
157. First 16TB SSD arrived in 2015. http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/08/samsung-unveils-2-5-inch-16tb-ssd-the-worlds-largest-hard-drive/.
158. Server savings will likely pay for all those SSD's. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-ssds-can-reduce-server-costs-david-bernstein?forceNoSplash=true.
159. All-Flash Arrays. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/will-containers-sink-all-flash-array/1185632646.
160. NVDIMM storage. http://www.snia.org/forums/sssi/NVDIMM.
161. SSDs no longer have a wear-out issue. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/6-ssd-myths-debunked/896126592.
162. Boot storms are a common occurrence. https://www.techopedia.com/2/31844/enterprise/storage/the-vdi-boot-storm-why-it-happens-how-to-prevent-it.
163. All-Flash Array and VDI. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/all-flash-arrays-vdi-solution/1983604525.
164. The instance store. http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/InstanceStorage.html.
165. Hidden dangers of instance stores. http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/tip/Local-storage-solves-some-problems-creates-others.
166. "Hybrid" arrays. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/05/14/hybrid_storage_arrays_versus_allflash_will_disks_hold_their_own/.
167. Compressing data. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/education/tutorials/2007/fall/storage/GerrySimmons_Benefits_Hardware_Data_Compression-rev.pdf.
168. Deduplication. https://storageservers.wordpress.com/2014/12/23/a-look-into-data-deduplication-feature-and-its-advantages/.
169. 40 Gbps Ethernet. http://www.ethernetalliance.org/roadmap/.
170. Last gasp of the RAID array divisions. http://www.storagereview.com/emc_introduces_allflash_unity_for_less_than_18000.
171. Replication. http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Remote-replication-Comparing-data-replication-methods.
172. Erasure coding. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/raid-vs-erasure-coding/1792588127.
173. Lego appliances. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/going-all-ssd-side-effects/732249354.
174. 25GbE ports. http://www.mellanox.com/blog/2016/03/25-is-the-new-10-50-is-the-new-40-100-is-the-new-amazing/.
175. ARM-based filers. http://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2013/08/28/arm-in-storage-servers-why-would-anyone-do-that/#5de72aa07afa.
176. NetApp approach. http://www.netapp.com/us/products/platform-os/ontap/storage-efficiency.aspx.
177. A local small SSD. http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2012/08/21/netapp-unveils-flash-accel-and-extends-technology-alliance/.
178. NVMe drives. http://www.dell.com/support/article/us/en/19/SLN301149/.
179. Use RAID 1 (mirroring). https://storageswiss.com/2015/01/13/which-raid-level-use-for-ssd-tier/.
180. Trade-off for performance. http://lifehacker.com/pair-ssds-in-a-raid-0-for-a-huge-speed-boost-1602417386.
181. Mid-range SSDs sit at 40K to 80K IOPS. https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/www/us/en/solid-state-drives/consumer-family.html.
182. Virtual SANs. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/vmware-vsan-reality-vs-hype/1713768902.
183. As fast as possible. http://www.datacore.com/.
184. NVMe for X-Point memory. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/10/23/intel_planned_nvme_for_xpoint/.
185. Results in further speed-up. http://wccftech.com/intels-3d-xpoint-memory-featured-optane-ssds-optane-dimms-8x-performance-increase-conventional-ssds/.
186. OmniPath as interconnect. http://www.top500.org/news/The%20Dawn%20of%20a%20Next-Generation%20Supercomputer%20Approach%20from%20Intel/.
187. Intel introducing a new fabric. http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/high-performance-computing-fabrics/omni-path-architecture-fabric-overview.html.
188. Dreaded boot storm. http://www.zdnet.com/article/boot-storms-and-how-to-avoid-them/.
189. Square-Kilometer Array of radio telescopes. https://www.skatelescope.org/.
190. Historical buying patterns. http://retailnext.net/en/benchmark/real-time-data-drives-the-future-of-retail/.
191. Hadoop paradigm. http://hortonworks.com/apache/hadoop/.
192. RDMA solutions. https://www.zurich.ibm.com/sys/rdma/model.html.
193. iWARP. http://www.networkworld.com/article/2858017/ethernet-switch/iwarp-update-advances-rdma-over-ethernet-for-data-center-and-cloud-networks.html.
194. NVMe over fabrics. http://www.flashmemorysummit.com/English/Collaterals/Proceedings/2015/20150811_FA12_Overview.pdf.
195. RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE). https://community.mellanox.com/docs/DOC-2283.
196. RoCE is proving a tough sell. http://www.chelsio.com/wp-content/uploads/resources/RoCE-Deployment-Challenges-for-Clouds.pdf.
197. Software-Defined Storage. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/video/The-different-faces-of-software-defined-storage-vendors.
198. Google Nearline. https://cloud.google.com/storage-nearline/.
199. AWS Glacier. Cloud gateway software. https://aws.amazon.com/glacier/.
200. Gateway Software. http://www.enterprisestorageforum.com/storage-technology/cloud-gateways-in-the-enterprise.html.
201. Cache sizing a sophisticated art. http://www.yellow-bricks.com/2016/02/16/10-rule-vsan-caching-calculate-vm-basis-not-disk-capacity/.
202. Heat-assisted recording (HAMR). http://phys.org/news/2016-03-storage-density-tbin2-heat-assisted-magnetic.html.
203. HAMR tricky to get right. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/31/muted_hamr_blows_coming/.
204. HDD alternatives struggle to keep up. http://hexus.net/tech/news/storage/85769-hamr-hdd-capacities-scale-4tb-2016-100tb-2025/.
205. Data encrypted at source. https://www.veeam.com/backup-files-encryption.html.
206. Policy-driven management. http://www.slideshare.net/VMWitacademy/softwaredefined-storage-for-dummies-guide.
207. Big Data. http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/business-technology/our-insights/big-data-the-next-frontier-for-innovation.
208. A lot of data. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data.
209. Internet of Things. http://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/internet-things-not-so-scary/1614867224.
210. Reluctance of telcos. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/02/06/google-is-serious-about-taking-on-telecom-heres-why-itll-win/.
211. In-memory databases. https://www.oracle.com/webfolder/s/delivery_production/docs/FY16h1/doc5/baORCL1503-Infographic-v14.pdf?elqTrackId=195d86caa49d45f3942819e189163c2e&elqaid=24915&elqat=2.
212. Hybrid Memory Cube. http://www.hybridmemorycube.org/.
213. Byte-addressability. http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=81175.
214. Key/value store. http://www.enterprisestorageforum.com/storage-management/is-key-value-data-storage-in-your-future-1.html.
215. Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r1.2.1/hdfs_design.html.
216. NAS and SAN. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/opinion/External-storage-might-make-sense-for-Hadoop.
217. Strong sense of locality. http://www.hadoopinrealworld.com/data-locality-in-hadoop/.
218. SSDs at 16TB capacities. http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/08/samsung-unveils-2-5-inch-16tb-ssd-the-worlds-largest-hard-drive/.
219. NVDIMM memory. http://www.vikingtechnology.com/nvdimm-technology.
220. X-Point memory. http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/3d-xpoint-unveiled-video.html.
221. NVMe over Fabrics. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SDC15_presentations/networking/WaelNoureddine_Implementing_NVMe_revision.pdf.
222. Ceph's Current Performance Deficiencies. https://www.mellanox.com/related-docs/whitepapers/WP_Deploying_Ceph_over_High_Performance:Networks.pdf.
223. OmniPath. http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/high-performance-computing-fabrics/omni-path-architecture-fabric-overview.html.
224. RoCE. http://www.chelsio.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/RoCE-The-Fine-Print-WP-1204121.pdf.
225. NVMe over Fabrics. http://www.flashmemorysummit.com/English/Collaterals/Proceedings/2015/20150811_FA12_Overview.pdf.
226. Velostrata company website. http://velostrata.com/product/.
227. Local-DAS storage or networked storage. http://www.infostor.com/disk-arrays/hadoop-storage-options-time-to-ditch-das.html.
228. More extended discussion. http://blogs.vmware.com/vsphere/2014/08/big-data-design-considerations-hadoop-storage-choices.html.
229. Aggregation servers. http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/data-aggregation.
230. Software-Defined Storage. http://www.snia.org/sds.
231. In-memory model. http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/what-is-in-memory-computing.html.
232. Terabyte-class HMC memory. https://www.micron.com/products/hybrid-memory-cube/all-about-hmc.
233. Byte-addressable NVDIMM. http://nvmw.ucsd.edu/2010/documents/Nightingale_Ed.pdf.
234. HDFS. https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r1.2.1/hdfs_design.html.
235. Hadoop performs poorly with small files. http://apmblog.dynatrace.com/2013/07/17/top-performance-problems-discussed-at-the-hadoop-and-cassandra-summits/.
236. MAPR. https://www.mapr.com/.
237. Panasas company website. http://www.panasas.com/.
238. Scality's Ring. http://www.scality.com/.
239. Caringo company website. http://www.caringo.com/.
240. DDN company website. http://www.ddn.com/.
241. Lustre. http://www.lustre.org/.
242. GlusterFS. https://www.gluster.org/.
243. Red Hat. http://redhat.com.
244. Ceph. http://www.ceph.com/.
245. OpenStack Swift. http://www.swift.openstack.org/.
246. Quantcast. https://www.quantcast.com/about-us/quantcast-file-system/.
247. PVFS. http://www.pvfs.org/.
248. Spark. http://spark.apache.org/.
249. Cassandra. http://cassandra.apache.org/.
250. Kudu. http://www.cloudera.com/about-cloudera/press-center/press-releases/2015-09-28-cloudera-launches-kudu-new-hadoop-storage-for-fast-analytics-on-fast-data.html.
251. Google file solution is unusual. https://www.quora.com/Does-Google-have-its-own-file-system.
252. HPC varies from Big Data. http://www.nextplatform.com/2015/10/27/the-hpc-big-data-difference-its-at-the-bottom-line/.
253. Creation of HPC clouds. http://www.admin-magazine.com/HPC/Articles/Moving-HPC-to-the-Cloud.
254. Square kilometer array. http://thenewstack.io/ska-telescope-may-change-computing-as-much-as-astronomy/.
255. CERN's LHC. http://press.cern/press-releases/2005/11/cern-awarded-high-performance-computing-prize-supercomputing-2005.
256. CERN does this with Ceph. http://www.slideshare.net/rwgardner/using-ceph-for-large-hadron-collider-data.
257. NSA building monster data center in Utah. http://www.wsj.com/articles/a-top-secret-nsa-site-draws-swipes-shrugs-1430523735.
258. Amazon's Glacier. https://aws.amazon.com/glacier/details/.
259. Facial recognition. http://www.forbes.com/sites/bruceschneier/2015/09/29/the-era-of-automatic-facial-recognition-and-surveillance-is-here/#7533e1e0edd8.
260. UK camera count. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10172298/One-surveillance-camera-for-every-11-people-in-Britain-says-CCTV-survey.html.
261. The cost of latency. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405918815000045.
262. RDMA Ethernet. http://www.networkcomputing.com/networking/will-rdma-over-ethernet-eclipse-infiniband/1893518522.
263. NVMe-over-fabrics. https://www.openfabrics.org/images/eventpresos/workshops2015/DevWorkshop/Monday/monday_10.pdf.
264. Genome project. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/feature/Content-addressed-storage-CAS-explained.
265. Nvidia company website. http://www.nvidia.com/.
266. SaaS approach using a private cloud. http://www.adobe.com/creativecloud.html.
267. National labs are very active. http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47318.wss.
268. Silicon-based photonics. http://www.hpcwire.com/2016/03/22/mellanox-reveals-200-gbps-path/.
269. Azure - . http://www.azure.microsoft.com/.
270. Verari - . http://www.hpcwire.com/2009/01/22/verari_systems_from_clusters_to_containers/.
271. Rackable - . http://www.infoworld.com/article/2632392/m-a/rackable-systems-becomes-sgi%5fcloses-deal.html.
272. Chinese ODMs - . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_design_manufacturer.
273. ODMs to Enter the US and EU Markets - . https://technology.ihs.com/571073/chinese-brands-are-expanding-in-overseas-markets.
274. Very Bleak Future for Middleman - . http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/04/china_and_the_cloud_sinking_teeth_into_server_sales/.
275. Rackspace Company Website - . http://www.rackspace.com/.
276. Docker - . http://www.docker.com/.
277. Massive Cloud Price War - . http://www.businesscloudnews.com/2016/01/18/aws-azure-and-google-intensify-cloud-price-war/.
278. Open Compute Project - . http://www.opencompute.org/.
279. Solid-State Power Supplies - . http://www.vicorpower.com/flatpac.
280. Ethernet-Connected OSD for Ceph - . http://ceph.com/community/500-osd-ceph-cluster/.
281. Kinetic Ethernet Drive - . https://www.openkinetic.org/.
282. HGST Ethernet Drive - . http://www.skylable.com/products/use-cases/hgst/.
283. OpenStack - . http://www.openstack.org/.
284. Current Project List for OpenStack - . https://www.openstack.org/software/project-navigator/.
285. Amazon Web Services - . https://aws.amazon.com/.
286. Online Retailing Decimating the High Streets - . http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11714847/Online-shopping-is-king-high-street-stores-must-adapt-or-die.html.
287. Azure - . http://www.azure.com/.
288. Google - . http://www.cloud.google.com/.
289. VMware - . http://www.vmware.com/.
290. US Navy Has a Plan - . https://thestack.com/cloud/2015/05/18/u-s-navy-abandons-cloud-and-data-centre-plans-in-favour-of-new-strategy/.
291. Army is Close Behind - . http://www.army.mil/article/169635/reaching_for_the_cloud.
292. Traditional Datacenters - . https://journal.uptimeinstitute.com/a-look-at-data-center-cooling-technologies/.
293. Google and the Others Aim for Numbers Better Than 1.05 PUE - . http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2015/11/09/intel-cio-building-efficient-data-center-to-rival-google-facebook-efforts/.
294. Some Wild Cooling Schemes - . http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/02/microsofts-new-way-for-cooling-its-datacenters-throw-them-in-the-sea/.
295. Water From the Bottom of a Deep Lake - . http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/02/microsofts-new-way-for-cooling-its-datacenters-throw-them-in-the-sea/.
296. Outside Air Works Best With Containerized Datacenters - . http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2009/07/15/googles-chiller-less-data-center/.
297. Zero-Chill Model - . http://www.networkcomputing.com/data-centers/evolving-pue-containerized-datacenters/844954697.
298. M2 SSD Versions Without the External Case - . http://www.pcworld.com/article/2977024/storage/m2-ssd-roundup-tiny-drives-deliver-huge-performance.html.
299. Rotational Vibration in HDDs - . http://www.hgst.com/sites/default/files/resources/WP-RVS-25March.pdf.
300. The Containerized Datacenter - . http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/print/volume-24/issue-4/departments/infrastructure-insights/containerized-data-center-market-to-reach-us-10b-by-2021.html.
301. Containerized Datacenters Can Save a Great Deal of Money - . http://hweblog.com/containerized-data-center-saves-the-university-30-energy-consumption.
302. Data Security - . http://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/assessing-security-in-the-cloud/.
303. Public Clouds Are Handling Security Issues Well - . http://www.informationweek.com/cloud/infrastructure-as-a-service/why-cloud-security-beats-your-data-center/d/d-id/1321354.
304. Consistent Choice of Interface - . https://blog.architecting.it/2016/02/19/object-storage-standardising-on-the-s3-api/.
305. S3 API - . http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html.
306. Poor WAN Communications - . http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/primary-storage-shifts-cloud/634178622.
307. Getting Bandwidth to Gigabit ETHERNET Levels - . http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/SF-explores-blazing-fast-gigabit-Internet-6889799.php.
308. Velostrata - . http://www.velostrata.com/.
309. Why Can't We Trust Public Cloud Completely? - . http://www.crn.com/news/security/300071877/security-experts-the-public-cloud-is-a-safe-place-for-storing-data.htm.
310. MS Azure, Verizon and NetApp - . http://www.netapp.com/us/company/news/press-releases/news-rel-20141028-186087.aspx.
311. Secure Enough - . http://www.druva.com/blog/if-youre-going-to-worry-about-cloud-security-says-gartner-worry-about-the-right-things/.
312. Intel Company Website - . http://www.intel.com/.
313. AMD Company Website - . http://www.amd.com/.
314. ARM64 Processors - . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture.
315. Microserver Concept and the Traditional Virtual Server - . http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/tip/Choosing-the-best-cloud-server-for-your-hybrid-cloud.
316. Optane - . http://www.pcworld.com/article/3056178/storage/intel-claims-storage-supremacy-with-swift-3d-xpoint-optane-drives-1-petabyte-3d-nand.html.
317. Data Centers Will Shrink - . http://www.computerworld.com/article/2550400/data-center/the-incredible-shrinking-data-center.html.
318. Carbon Nanotubes Support Ultrafast Transistors - . http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1328370.
319. Graphene - . http://wccftech.com/graphene-transistors-427-ghz/.
320. Room Temperature Superconductors - . http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1329419.
321. SDN and SDS - . http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/tip/How-SDN-and-SDS-are-shaping-future-clouds.
322. Drives Talk Directly to Ethernet - . http://ceph.com/community/500-osd-ceph-cluster/.
323. Ceph Likely the Preferred OpenStack Solution - . http://redhatstorage.redhat.com/2015/10/26/latest-openstack-user-survey-shows-ceph-continues-to-dominate/.
324. Legacy Problem - . http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/opinion/Moving-from-legacy-IT-to-a-private-cloud.
325. NoE, NVMe Over an Ethernet Fabric - . http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/06/10/tegile_nvme_over_ethernet_is_future/.
326. Building Object Stores Onto Each Drive - . http://ceph.com/community/500-osd-ceph-cluster/.
327. 2017 Should See the NoE Approach Hitting Mainstream - . https://lcccna2016.sched.org/event/7JWK/scalable-storage-with-ethernet-disk-drives-kinetic-on-thellip.
328. Tape Is Dead!" - . http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/tape-storage-really-dead/1521473970.
329. The M2 Form-Factor - . http://www.samsung.com/uk/consumer/memory-storage/memory-storage/ssd/MZ-V5P512BW.
330. Data Problem - . http://www.cloudtp.com/2015/10/27/12-step-guide-data-governance-cloud-first-world/.
331. Latencies of WAN Traffic - . http://www.techrepublic.com/article/dont-let-data-gravity-get-you-down-use-these-options-to-combat-cloud-latency/.
332. Public Clouds Are At Least as Secure as In-house Datacenters - . http://www.infoworld.com/article/3010006/data-security/sorry-it-the-public-cloud-is-more-secure-than-your-data-center.html.
333. 256-Bit AES May be Broken - . http://yournewswire.com/encryption-security-may-not-be-secure-anymore/.
334. Google Throws Down the Gauntlet - . http://www.bdlive.co.za/world/americas/2016/04/26/google-fiber-drives-down-us-internet-prices.
335. Governance - . http://blogs.gartner.com/andrew_white/2015/10/09/the-gathering-storm-information-governance-in-the-cloud/.
336. Orphaned Copies of Critical Data - . http://www.slideshare.net/DruvaInc/black-hat-2015-attendee-survey-the-challenge-of-data-sprawl.
337. Governance Service Vendors - . http://www.navigant.com/%7E/media/www/site/downloads/financial%20services/2016/fs_vendorsourcingandgovernanceservices_br_0116nocrops.pdf.
338. Docker - . https://www.docker.com/.
339. Security Has Been an Issue - . http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/tip/Linux-container-security-is-on-the-evolutionary-fast-track.
340. Storage, Too, Is Impacted by Containers - . http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/shrinking-storage-farm/1037538141.
341. Will Private Datacenters and Clouds Justify Their Existence? - . http://www.itbusinessedge.com/blogs/infrastructure/the-enterprise-data-center-can-it-last-in-the-cloud.html.
342. Larger Companies Need to Think Like CSPs - . http://www.nextplatform.com/2015/09/17/the-cloud-rains-down-on-enterprises/.
343. SaaS Probably Will be the Cheapest Route Overall - . http://www.zdnet.com/article/at-cloud-tipping-point-how-saas-is-becoming-the-status-quo/.
344. 4 Year Life - . http://www.tracetm.com/blog/it-asset-lifecycle-management-answers-when-is-it-time-to-replace-your-data-center/.
345. Ratio of Staff to Gear Is Different - . http://www.networkcomputing.com/careers/hello-automation-goodbye-it-jobs/1317550508.
346. The In-house Datacenter Is a Threatened Species - . http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomgillis/2015/09/02/cost-wars-data-center-vs-public-cloud/#3cb410a33e39.
347. Fighting Back - . http://www.networkcomputing.com/data-centers/enterprise-data-center-not-dead-yet/2010534008.
348. Long Goodbye - . http://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/1998/March/ermarch.30/3_30_98FirstPerson.html.
349. Storage gear fails at fairly high rates. https://www.backblaze.com/blog/hard-drive-reliability-stats-for-q2-2015/.
350. Redundant array of inexpensive disks. https://www.howtoforge.com/redundant-array-of-inexpensive-disks-raid-technical-paper.
351. Data integrity at the appliance. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/going-all-ssd-side-effects/732249354.
352. Replicating data. http://www.zerto.com/blog/dr/dr-101-synchronous-a-synchronous-and-near-synchronous-replication-technologies/.
353. Replication approach. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SDC15_presentations/datacenter_infra/Shenoy_The_Pros_and_Cons_of_Erasure_v3-rev.pdf.
354. Erasure coding. http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Erasure-coding-vs-Raid-for-disk-rebuilds.
355. D. Patterson, G.A. Gibson, R. Katz. http://www.computerhistory.org/storageengine/u-c-berkeley-paper-catalyses-interest-in-raid/.
356. RAID "levels". http://www.dell.com/support/article/us/en/04/SLN292050?c=us&l=en&s=bsd&cs=04.
357. Drive rebuild problem. https://www.servint.net/university/article/even-ssd-longer-enough-ensure-quality-service-hosting/.
358. New erasure code types. https://storagemojo.com/2013/06/21/facebooks-advanced-erasure-codes/.
359. RAID array will drop out of the primary storage tier altogether. http://wikibon.org/wiki/v/Is_RAID_Obsolete%3F.
360. Struggle with chunk size. http://www.computerweekly.com/RAID-chunk-size-the-key-to-RAID-striping-performance.
361. Replication is a simple concept. http://www.storagenewsletter.com/rubriques/market-reportsresearch/caringo-carpentier/.
362. Erasure coding. http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/JasonResch_Erasure_Codes_SDC_2013.pdf.
363. Regenerating codes and locally repairable. https://storagemojo.com/2013/06/21/facebooks-advanced-erasure-codes/.
364. Protection guards against too few drive failures. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/raid-vs-erasure-coding/1792588127.
365. Value in static, passive protection. http://www.cioinsight.com/it-strategy/cloud-virtualization/slideshows/ten-ways-to-ensure-disaster-protection-in-the-cloud.
366. Only 30 percent of the major retailers ready. http://www.fierceretail.com/story/retailers-far-behind-tech-firms-it-security-spending/2015-03-11.
367. Executives get fired over this. http://www.informationweek.com/government/cybersecurity/14-security-fails-that-cost-executives-their-jobs/d/d-id/1321279.
368. Cloud is as secure as the best in-house operations. https://www.gartner.com/doc/3134527/clouds-secure-using-securely.
369. Emulate their best practices. http://www.questsys.com/files/Cloud-Computing-Best-Practices.pdf.
370. Cloud weaknesses. http://www.infoworld.com/article/3041078/security/the-dirty-dozen-12-cloud-security-threats.html.
371. Software-defined model. http://www.networkcomputing.com/cloud-infrastructure/bumpy-road-software-defined-infrastructure/1297643120.
372. Protection of the control plane. http://www.vanillaplus.com/2015/08/10/10555-the-security-challenges-posed-by-sdns-centralised-control-plane-and-roots-of-trust-rot-and-how-attacks-can-be-prevented-and-addressed/.
373. Make hacking a serious business. http://fortune.com/2015/10/02/heres-whos-been-hacked-in-the-past-two-years/.
374. At least a few come from government agencies. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/10/24/how-the-government-tries-to-recruit-hackers-on-their-own-turf/.
375. Spies. http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/610024/Edward-Snowden-UK-Government-hack-smartphones.
376. Spying is quasi-overt. http://motherboard.vice.com/read/here-are-all-the-sketchy-government-agencies-buying-hacking-teams-spy-tech.
377. Huge data flow from cell-phones. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-nsa-termination-idUSKBN0TG27120151127.
378. Data from other countries. https://techcrunch.com/2015/08/03/uncovering-echelon-the-top-secret-nsa-program-that-has-been-watching-you-your-entire-life/.
379. Instant red flag. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/01/27/nsa_loves_it_when_you_use_pgp/.
380. Help commercial operations win deals. http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-plans-to-use-spy-law-to-battle-corporate-espionage-1437688169.
381. Hack on JP Morgan. http://fortune.com/2014/10/02/jpmorgan-chase-disclosed-cyber-breach/.
382. Solution catches 29 out of 489 total vulnerabilities. http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/news/4500272454/Costly-government-cybersecurity-system-needs-major-changes.
383. Embarrassing. http://www.cnbc.com/2016/02/01/federal-government-confirms-that-it-still-sucks-at-cyber-security.html.
384. Need app vendors to take encryption seriously. https://www.skyhighnetworks.com/cloud-security-blog/only-9-4-of-cloud-providers-are-encrypting-data-at-rest/.
385. Data sprawl. http://www.slideshare.net/DruvaInc/black-hat-2015-attendee-survey-the-challenge-of-data-sprawl.
386. HIPAA. http://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/.
387. SOX. http://www.soxlaw.com/.
388. Place requirements. https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/regulations-standards-encryption-applies-34675.
389. Drives only support 32 unique keys. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/10/20/western_digital_bad_hard_drive_encryption/.
390. Protecting access to the data itself. https://digitalguardian.com/blog/enterprise-data-security-breaches-experts-how-companies-can-protect-themselves-big-data.
391. The encryption issue. http://www.findmysoft.com/news/Mozilla-Explains-Why-Encryption-Matters-Using-Thought-Provoking-Videos/.
392. CURRENT data at rest. https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cryptographic_Storage_Cheat_Sheet.
393. Source encryption. https://www.veeam.com/backup-files-encryption.html.
394. There are tremendous risks involved. http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/10/western-digital-self-encrypting-hard-drives-riddled-with-security-flaws/.
395. Instance stores. https://discuss.aerospike.com/t/do-data-persist-on-instance-store-when-rebooting-an-instance-on-amazon-ec2/1283.
396. Virtual SAN storage. http://www.infostor.com/index/articles/display/138898/articles/infostor/volume-6/issue-3/features/data-security-in-the-virtual-san.html.
397. Instance stores. http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/InstanceStorage.html.
398. Reading another tenant's data. http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/opinion/Are-we-witnessing-the-death-of-local-instance-storage.
399. Exploits for data moving around. http://blog.rackspace.com/keep-data-private-encrypt-at-rest-in-transit-and-in-use/.
400. Cold data. https://www.emc.com/corporate/glossary/cold-data-storage.htm.
401. Insider activity. http://www.itbusinessedge.com/blogs/data-security/insider-threats-responsible-for-surprising-amount-of-data-loss.html.
402. Snapshots. http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/storage-snapshot.
403. Policy constraints. http://www.nuagenetworks.net/blog/sdn-policy-architecture-sneddon/.
404. Script manager. https://www.sdxcentral.com/sdn/definitions/sdn-controllers/.
405. SaaS pay as you go. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140512065424-7018284-both-pay-as-you-go-and-subscription-pricing-for-saas.
406. Don't assume that the vendor has their act together. /. http://www.slideshare.net/huynh_victor/2015-data-integrity-conference-managing-changes-made-to-cloud-systems-53180152.
407. SaaS mashup. http://cloudsecurity.org/blog/2008/04/21/security-in-the-cloud-introducing-cloud-mashups.html.
408. Hybrid cloud concept. http://www.zdnet.com/article/hybrid-cloud-what-it-is-why-it-matters/.
409. Single governance strategy. http://www.cloudtp.com/2015/10/27/12-step-guide-data-governance-cloud-first-world/.
410. Manage their governance processes. https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/compliance/Automating_Governance:on_AWS.pdf.
411. Shadow IT nightmare. http://www.cio.com/article/2968281/cio-role/cios-vastly-underestimate-extent-of-shadow-it.html.
412. Julius Caesar used it. http://www.counton.org/explorer/codebreaking/caesar-cipher.php.
413. AES encryption. https://www.cryptopp.com/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard.
414. RSA encryption. https://cryptopp.com/wiki/RSA_Cryptography.
415. DES algorithm. https://hacked.com/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard.
416. National agencies can break these codes. http://www.zdnet.com/article/has-the-nsa-broken-ssl-tls-aes/.
417. Secure Sockets Layer. http://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/what-is-ssl#sm.00000vqu1k25tkdd1xg4h4uufj7sx.
418. Key management. http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-57pt1r4.pdf.
419. Information Rights Management. http://searchcontentmanagement.techtarget.com/definition/information-rights-management-IRM.
420. Trusted Platform Module. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Computing.
421. What they do to change storage. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/storage-market-out-old-new/355694318.
422. The answer. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2939438/data-storage-solutions/the-rise-of-ssds-over-hard-drives-debunked.html.
423. 3D NAND flash. http://seekingalpha.com/article/3942376-micron-intel-3d-nand-post-2016.
424. Commodity vendors from China. http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/07/13/odm-storage-vendors-gain-share-from-giants-emc-hp-ibm-netapp-lose-market-presence/#3bd66cde173e.
425. 4-bit NAND cells are looking feasible. http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/toshiba-ups-its-storage-game-with-reveal-of-4-bit-mlc-memory/.
426. 3.2 TB SSDs in a gum-stick. http://www.provideocoalition.com/samsung-ssd-saves-5gb-video-in-3-seconds/.
427. Much smaller, lighter and faster. http://gizmodo.com/this-130-windows-pc-on-a-stick-might-be-the-best-yet-1728258745.
428. Small PC modules. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2941759/computer-hardware/why-pc-on-a-stick-is-a-really-bad-idea.html.
429. All-Flash Array is currently winning. https://flashdba.com/2015/10/14/all-flash-arrays-ssd-based-versus-ground-up-design/.
430. NVMe/RDMA in the AFA space. https://www.mangstor.com/page/nx-series-flash-storage-arrays.
431. Appliance-level data integrity/availability. http://www.networkcomputing.com/storage/going-all-ssd-side-effects/732249354.
432. WDC to buy SanDisk. http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/10/28/did-western-digital-corp-overpay-for-sandisk-corpo.aspx.
433. Prevent an overall revenue shrink. http://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2016-02-23/western-digital-still-needs-sandisk-deal.
434. Seagate focus on box side of the business. http://blogs.barrons.com/techtraderdaily/2015/10/19/seagate-benchmark-asks-if-acquisitions-have-run-into-trouble/.
435. Seagate at risk of being left behind. http://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/micron-seagate-storage-ssd-cloud,1%5f3243.html.
436. Toshiba indicates possible exit from the HDD business. http://www.storagenewsletter.com/rubriques/mas/toshiba-could-stop-or-sell-hdd-business/.
437. Dell-EMC merger. http://www.itbusinessedge.com/blogs/unfiltered-opinion/dellemc-merger-why-people-dont-get-this-is-different.html.
438. NVDIMM-F. http://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/samsung-netlist-3d-xpoint-nvdimm,1%5f3048.html.
439. NVDIMM-N. https://www.micron.com/products/dram-modules/nvdimm#/.
440. Changing just a single byte. http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/tip/NVDIMM-and-RDMA-offer-significant-virtualization-advantages.
441. HMC idea. http://www.hybridmemorycube.org/.
442. High-Bandwidth Memory. http://www.amd.com/en-us/innovations/software-technologies/hbm.
443. Version of HMC. http://wccftech.com/intel-knights-landing-detailed-16-gb-highbandwidth-ondie-memory-384-gb-ddr4-system-memory-support-8-billion-transistors/.
444. Wide-IO. http://www.samsung.com/us/business/oem-solutions/pdfs/Web_DAC2012_TSV_demo-ah.pdf.
445. The virtual SAN is available today. https://www.datacore.com/products/datacore-hyper-converged-virtual-san.
446. Storage network bandwidth. https://storageswiss.com/2014/03/31/the-problems-with-server-side-storage-like-vsan/.
447. Reality met budgets. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2925956/internet-of-things/overcoming-the-massive-friction-slowing-the-internet-of-things.html.
448. Security problems that were almost laughable. http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21606829-hooking-up-gadgets-web-promises-huge-benefits-security-must-not-be.
449. Auto control systems that an easy hack could use. https://www.wired.com/2015/12/2015-the-year-the-internet-of-things-got-hacked/.
450. Crunching on the edge. http://www.govtech.com/transportation/Is-Edge-Computing-Key-to-the-Internet-of-Things.html.
451. Retail sector appears to be the main driver. http://www.comqi.com/internet-things-reinventing-retail/.
452. Seagate's Kinetic. http://www.seagate.com/tech-insights/kinetic-vision-how-seagate-new-developer-tools-meets-the-needs-of-cloud-storage-platforms-master-ti/.
453. Square-Kilometer Array (SKA). http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/392735/ska_telescope_generate_more_data_than_entire_internet_2020/.
454. 3D X-Point memory. http://thememoryguy.com/intel-to-use-micron-hybrid-memory-cube/.
455. Alluxio SIG Website. http://www.alluxio.org/.
456. Phase-change memory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-change_memory.
457. Stan Ovshinsky. https://www.aip.org/commentary/profile-american-innovation.
458. Fast enough to match DRAM. http://www.zdnet.com/article/micron-says-new-memory-will-break-performance-bottleneck/.
459. Intel's X-Point memory will turn out to be PCM. http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-blogs/have-intel-and-micron-updated-phase-change-memory/88291/.
460. Resistive RAM (ReRAM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistive_random-access_memory.
461. HPE's product concept. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2990809/data-storage-solutions/hp-sandisk-partner-to-bring-storage-class-memory-to-market.html.
462. Crossbar Company Website. http://www.crossbar-inc.com/.
463. Everspin Company Website. https://www.everspin.com/news/everspin-releases-highest-density-mram-products-create-fastest-and-most-reliable-non-volatile.
464. Spintronics has a long way to go. http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/2015/10/spintronics.cfm.
465. Geim and Novoselov of Manchester University. http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/explore/what-can-graphene-do/.
466. Graphene Applications' Broad Spectrum. https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/five-new-uses-miracle-material-graphene.
467. Graphene improving batteries. http://www.autoblog.com/2016/03/23/graphene-batteries-wave-of-the-future-or-snake-oil/.
468. World's smallest transistor. http://www.theverge.com/2015/4/29/8515281/tmd-graphene-materials-science-ultrathin-electronics.
469. Transistors running at 100GHz. http://nextbigfuture.com/2015/07/pathway-to-terahertz-graphene.html.
470. 3D stacking. http://www.livescience.com/52207-faster-3d-computer-chip.html.
471. Graphene-based photonics interconnect. http://www.optics.org/news/7/4/8.
472. Carbon nanotubes. http://www.nanocomptech.com/what-are-carbon-nanotubes.
473. 5D optical storage system. http://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2016/02/5d-data-storage-update.page.