Attitudes of Northern Papers toward the Egalitarian Laws of Reconstruction

Newspaper Research Journal

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 47-62

  Mohamed, A N ^a  

^a EDINBORO UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85025828030     PISSN: 07395329     EISSN: 23764791     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/073953299801900304     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. In his autobiography, Life and Times, Douglass makes numerous complaints about how some newspapers consistently circumvented justice for blacks. See also, Frederick Douglass, The Mission of the War, Speech delivered at Cooper Institute, New York, February 13, 1864, in Philip S. Foner, ed., The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass. Vol. 3. New York: International Publishers, 1952, pp. 386-403.
2. Frederick Douglass. Douglass Monthly (August). in Philip Foner, ed. The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass. Vol. 3. New York: International Publishers, 1952, p. 375.
3. Douglass, The Life and Times, p. 552.
4. David Domke, We Shall No Longer Play Fool: The Black Press in the Nadir of African Americans. Paper presented to the Minorities and Communication Division, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication annual convention, August 1994, Atlanta.
5. Frederick Douglass. Chicago Tribune, February 2, 1875, p. 2.
6. Bernard Schwartz. Statutory History of the United States: Civil Rights. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1970.
7. James M. McPherson. Abolitionists and the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Journal of American History, 1965, pp. 493-510.
8. Alfred Avins, The Civil Rights Act of 1875: Some Reflected Light on the 14th Amendment and Public Accommodations. Columbia Law Review, 1966, pp. 873-915.
9. McPherson, Abolitionists and the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
10. Douglass, The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. p. 539.
11. Frank Luther Mott, American Journalism: A History 1690-1960, 3rd ed. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1962.
12. Frank Luther Mott, American Journalism: A History 1690-1960, 3rd ed. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1962., p. 304.
13. Alexisde Tocqueville. Democracy in America. New York: AlfredA. Knopf, 1862,1980.
14. Alexisde Tocqueville. Democracy in America. New York: AlfredA. Knopf, 1862., pp. 187-8.
15. Alexisde Tocqueville. Democracy in America. New York: AlfredA. Knopf, 1862., p. 181.
16. Frederick Douglass, The Proclamation of a Negro army. Speech delivered at !he Cooper Institute, New York in Philip S. Foner, ed., The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, p. 329.
17. Edwin Emery, The Press and America, 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1972, p. 234.
18. Mott, American Journalism, p. 486.
19. Sidney Kobre, Modern American Journalism. Tallahassee, Florida: International Media Research, 1959, pp. 74-79;
20. Alfred M. Lee, The Daily Newspaper in America: The Evolution of a Social Instrument. New York: The MacMillan Co., 1947.
21. Mott, American Journalism.
22. Mott, American Journalism, p. 466.
23. Quoted in Lloyd Wendt, Chicago Tribune: The Rise of a Great American Newspaper. Chicago: Rand McNally &Company, 1979, p. 21.
24. See Schwartz, Statutory History, p. 661.
25. Mott, American Journalism.
26. Mott, American Journalism.
27. Irving J. Sloan, American Landmark Legislation, Vo1.1. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1975, p. 334.
28. Frederick Douglass, The Life and Times, p. 552.
29. David Domke, The press and 'delusive theories of equality and fraternity’in the age of emancipation. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 1996, pp. 228-250.
30. Philip Foner, Frederick Douglass. New York: Citadel Press, 1969.
31. William Gillette. The Right to Vote: The Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1965.
32. Foner, Frederick Douglass, pp. 283.
33. Quoted in Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought 1860-1915. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1948, p. 46.
34. William Graham Sumner, Equality, 12-14 in Albert G. Keller and Maurice R. Davie, eds., Selected Essays of William Graham Sumner. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1924.
35. John A. Garraty, The New Commonwealth 1877-1890. New York: Harper &Row, 1968, p. 315.
36. John A. Garraty, The New Commonwealth 1877-1890. New York: Harper &Row, 1968, p. 315.
37. Domke, We Shall No Longer Play Fool, p. 10.
38. Rayford Logan, The Negro in the United States: A Brief History. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1957.
39. Logan, The Negro in American Life.
40. Quoted in Logan, The Negro in the United States, p. 44.