메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 124, Issue 12, 2004, Pages 1101-1108

Ultra-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Emissions Associated with Earthquakes

Author keywords

earthquake related electromagnetic phenomena; precursory signatures; short term earthquake prediction; ULF electromagnetic emissions

Indexed keywords


EID: 85024441044     PISSN: 03854205     EISSN: 13475533     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1541/ieejfms.124.1101     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (50)
  • 2
    • 0842311789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of wavelet analysis for detection of seismogenic ULF emissions
    • doi: 10. 1029/2002RS002687
    • L. Alperovich, V. Zheludev, and M. Hayakawa: “Use of wavelet analysis for detection of seismogenic ULF emissions”, Radio Sci., Vol. 38, No. 6, p. 1093, doi: 10. 1029/2002RS002687 (2003).
    • (2003) Radio Sci. , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1093
    • Alperovich, L.1    Zheludev, V.2    Hayakawa, M.3
  • 3
    • 33947507515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wavelet study of long-period geomagnetic variations associated with the 1989 M = 7 Loma Prieta and two 1997 M = 6 Japanese earthquakes
    • (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed. TERRAPUB, Tokyo
    • L. S. Alperovich, V. Zheludev, and M. Hayakawa: “Wavelet study of long-period geomagnetic variations associated with the 1989 M = 7 Loma Prieta and two 1997 M = 6 Japanese earthquakes”, in Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed., pp. 55-60, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (2002).
    • (2002) Seismo Electromagnetics , pp. 55-60
    • Alperovich, L.S.1    Zheludev, V.2    Hayakawa, M.3
  • 4
    • 0038294165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a wavelet technique for the detection of earthquake signatures in the geomagnetic field
    • L. Alperovich, V. Zheludev, and M. Hayakawa: “Application of a wavelet technique for the detection of earthquake signatures in the geomagnetic field”, Natural Hazards Earth System Sci., Vol. 1, pp. 75-81 (2001).
    • (2001) Natural Hazards Earth System Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 75-81
    • Alperovich, L.1    Zheludev, V.2    Hayakawa, M.3
  • 5
    • 0029510290 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic and electric fields associated with changes in high pore pressure in fault zone; Application to the Loma Prieta ULF emissions
    • M. A. Fenoglio, M. J. S. Johnston, and J. D. Byerlee: “Magnetic and electric fields associated with changes in high pore pressure in fault zone; Application to the Loma Prieta ULF emissions”, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 100, B7, pp. 12951-12958 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.B7 , pp. 12951-12958
    • Fenoglio, M.A.1    Johnston, M.J.S.2    Byerlee, J.D.3
  • 6
    • 0025682602 scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7. 1 Loma Prieta earthquake
    • A. C. Fraser-Smith, A. Bernardi, P. R. McGill, M. E. Ladd, R. A. Helliwell, and O. G. Jr. Villard: “Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7. 1 Loma Prieta earthquake”, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 17, pp. 1465-1468 (1990).
    • (1990) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.17 , pp. 1465-1468
    • Fraser-Smith, A.C.1    Bernardi, A.2    McGill, P.R.3    Ladd, M.E.4    Helliwell, R.A.5    Villard, O.G.6
  • 7
    • 0020330358 scopus 로고
    • Experimental measurement of electromagnetic emissions possibly related to earthquakes in Japan
    • M. B. Gokhberg, V. A. Morgounov, T. Yoshino, and I. Tomizawa: “Experimental measurement of electromagnetic emissions possibly related to earthquakes in Japan”, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 87, pp. 7824-7828 (1982).
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 7824-7828
    • Gokhberg, M.B.1    Morgounov, V.A.2    Yoshino, T.3    Tomizawa, I.4
  • 8
    • 0141911524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principal component analysis of ULF geomagnetic data for Izu islands earthquakes in July 2000
    • K. Gotoh, Y. Akinaga, M. Hayakawa, and K. Hattori: “Principal component analysis of ULF geomagnetic data for Izu islands earthquakes in July 2000”, J. Atmos. Electr., Vol. 22, No. 1., pp. 1-12 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Electr. , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-12
    • Gotoh, K.1    Akinaga, Y.2    Hayakawa, M.3    Hattori, K.4
  • 9
    • 0347744404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal analysis of the geomagnetic data obtained at Izu Peninsula, Japan in relation to the nearby earthquake swarm of June-August 2000
    • K. Gotoh, M. Hayakawa, and N. Smirnova: “Fractal analysis of the geomagnetic data obtained at Izu Peninsula, Japan in relation to the nearby earthquake swarm of June-August 2000”, Natural Hazards Earth System Sci., Vol. 3, pp. 229-236 (2003).
    • (2003) Natural Hazards Earth System Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 229-236
    • Gotoh, K.1    Hayakawa, M.2    Smirnova, N.3
  • 10
    • 0842310116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ULF magnetic anomaly preceding the 1997 Kagoshima earthquakes
    • (Lithosophere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed. TERRAPUB, Tokyo
    • K. Hattori, Y. Akinaga, M. Hayakawa, K. Yumoto, T. Nagao, and S. Uyeda: “ULF magnetic anomaly preceding the 1997 Kagoshima earthquakes”, in Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosophere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed., pp. 19-28, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (2002).
    • (2002) Seismo Electromagnetics , pp. 19-28
    • Hattori, K.1    Akinaga, Y.2    Hayakawa, M.3    Yumoto, K.4    Nagao, T.5    Uyeda, S.6
  • 11
    • 2442647031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ULF geomagnetic and geoelectric measurement at Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Special Isuue: Seismo Electromagnetics
    • M. Hayakawa, Ed.
    • K. Hattori, I. Takahashi, C. Yoshino, T. Nagao, J. Y. Liu, and C. F. Shieh: “ULF geomagnetic and geoelectric measurement at Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Special Isuue: Seismo Electromagnetics”, M. Hayakawa, Ed., J. Atmos. Electr., Vol. 22, pp. 217-222 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Electr. , vol.22 , pp. 217-222
    • Hattori, K.1    Takahashi, I.2    Yoshino, C.3    Nagao, T.4    Liu, J.Y.5    Shieh, C.F.6
  • 12
    • 0029773780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of ultra-low-frequency magnetic field measurements during the Guam earthquake of 8 August 1993
    • M. Hayakawa, R. Kawate, O. A. Molchanov, and K. Yumoto: “Results of ultra-low-frequency magnetic field measurements during the Guam earthquake of 8 August 1993”, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 23, pp. 241-244 (1996).
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 241-244
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Kawate, R.2    Molchanov, O.A.3    Yumoto, K.4
  • 13
    • 0030181122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The precursory signature effect of the Kobe earthquake on VLF subionospheric signals
    • Tokyo
    • M. Hayakawa, O. A. Molchanov, T. Ondoh, and E. Kawai: “The precursory signature effect of the Kobe earthquake on VLF subionospheric signals”, J. Comm. Res. Lab., Tokyo, Vol. 43, pp. 169-180 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Comm. Res. Lab. , vol.43 , pp. 169-180
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Molchanov, O.A.2    Ondoh, T.3    Kawai, E.4
  • 14
    • 0033568912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal analysis of ULF geomagnetic data associated with the Guam earthquake on August 8, 1993
    • M. Hayakawa, T. Itoh, and N. Smirnova: “Fractal analysis of ULF geomagnetic data associated with the Guam earthquake on August 8, 1993”, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 26, No. 18, pp. 2797-2800 (1999).
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , Issue.18 , pp. 2797-2800
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Itoh, T.2    Smirnova, N.3
  • 15
    • 0034523377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ULF electromagnetic precursors for an earthquake at Biak, Indonesia on February 17, 1996
    • M. Hayakawa, T. Itoh, K. Hattori, and K. Yumoto: “ULF electromagnetic precursors for an earthquake at Biak, Indonesia on February 17, 1996”, Geophys. Res. Let., Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 1531-1534 (2000).
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Let. , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 1531-1534
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Itoh, T.2    Hattori, K.3    Yumoto, K.4
  • 16
    • 84892121550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NASDA's Earthquake Remote Sensing Frontier Reasearch: Seismo-electromagnetic Phenomena in the Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Ionosphere, Final Report
    • M. Hayakawa: “NASDA's Earthquake Remote Sensing Frontier Reasearch: Seismo-electromagnetic Phenomena in the Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Ionosphere, Final Report”, Univ. Electro-Comms., p. 228 (2001-3).
    • (2001) Univ. Electro-Comms. , pp. 228
    • Hayakawa, M.1
  • 17
    • 33947531984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodic variations in the Hurst exponent of the geomagnetic field
    • M. Hayakawa, K. Hattori, A. P. Nickolaenko, and L. M. Rabinowicz: “Periodic variations in the Hurst exponent of the geomagnetic field”, J. Atmos. Electr., Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 31-39 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Electr. , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-39
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Hattori, K.2    Nickolaenko, A.P.3    Rabinowicz, L.M.4
  • 18
    • 0003656361 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction
    • Ed. Tokyo
    • M. Hayakawa and Y. Fujinawa Ed.: Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, p. 677, Terra Scientific Pub. Comp., Tokyo (1994).
    • (1994) Terra Scientific Pub. Comp. , pp. 677
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Fujinawa, Y.2
  • 19
    • 0003761457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes
    • Tokyo
    • M. Hayakawa Ed.: Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, p. 996, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (1999).
    • (1999) TERRAPUB , pp. 996
    • Hayakawa, M.1
  • 20
    • 0038361478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismo Electromagnetics Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling
    • Tokyo
    • M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed.: Seismo Electromagnetics Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, p. 477, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (2002).
    • (2002) TERRAPUB , pp. 477
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Molchanov, O.A.2
  • 21
    • 85009645381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is earthquake prediction possible by means of electromagnetic phenomena?
    • M. Hayakawa: “Is earthquake prediction possible by means of electromagnetic phenomena?”, IEEJ Trans. FM, Vol. 124, No. 1, pp. 3-4 (2004-1).
    • (2004) IEEJ Trans. FM , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-4
    • Hayakawa, M.1
  • 22
    • 85009629340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural electromagnetic phenomena and electromagnetic theory: Review
    • M. Hayakawa, K. Hattori, and Y. Ando: “Natural electromagnetic phenomena and electromagnetic theory: Review”, IEEJ Trans. FM, Vol. 124, No. 1, pp. 72-79 (2004-1).
    • (2004) IEEJ Trans. FM , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-79
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Hattori, K.2    Ando, Y.3
  • 23
    • 20244379279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New ULF/ELF observation in Seikoshi, Izu, Japan and the precursory signal in relation with large seismic events at Izu Islands in 2000
    • Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed.
    • Y. Hobara, H. C. Koons, J. L. Roeder, H. Yamaguchi, and M. Hayakawa: “New ULF/ELF observation in Seikoshi, Izu, Japan and the precursory signal in relation with large seismic events at Izu Islands in 2000”, in Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed., pp. 41-44, TERRAPUB (2002).
    • (2002) TERRAPUB , pp. 41-44
    • Hobara, Y.1    Koons, H.C.2    Roeder, J.L.3    Yamaguchi, H.4    Hayakawa, M.5
  • 25
    • 0031867088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low-frequency magnetic fields during the Guam earthquake of 8 August 1993 and their interpretation
    • R. Kawate, O. A. Molchanov, and M. Hayakawa: “Ultra-low-frequency magnetic fields during the Guam earthquake of 8 August 1993 and their interpretation”, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., Vol. 105, pp. 229-238 (1998).
    • (1998) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.105 , pp. 229-238
    • Kawate, R.1    Molchanov, O.A.2    Hayakawa, M.3
  • 26
    • 2442694629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of the data from the ULF sensors at Seikoshi Station
    • Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed. Tokyo
    • H. C. Koons, J. L. Roeder, Y. Hobara, M. Hayakawa, and A. C. Fraser-Smith: “Statistical analysis of the data from the ULF sensors at Seikoshi Station”, in Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed., pp. 29-39, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (2002).
    • (2002) TERRAPUB , pp. 29-39
    • Koons, H.C.1    Roeder, J.L.2    Hobara, Y.3    Hayakawa, M.4    Fraser-Smith, A.C.5
  • 27
    • 0034830763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the ULF electromagnetic phenomena relaed to earthquakes: contemporary achevements and the perspectives
    • Y. Kopytenko, V. Ismagilov, M. Hayakawa, N. Smirnova, V. Troyan, and T. Peterson: “Investigation of the ULF electromagnetic phenomena relaed to earthquakes: contemporary achevements and the perspectives”, ANNALI DI GEOFISICA, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 325-334 (2001).
    • (2001) ANNALI DI GEOFISICA , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 325-334
    • Kopytenko, Y.1    Ismagilov, V.2    Hayakawa, M.3    Smirnova, N.4    Troyan, V.5    Peterson, T.6
  • 28
    • 1642362012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of the ULF electromagnetic disturbances at the station network before EQ in seismic zones of Izu and Chiba peninsulas(Japan)
    • Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed. Tokyo
    • Y. A. Kopytenko, V. S. Ismaguilov, K. Hattori, P. M. Voronov, M. Hayakawa, O. A. Molchanov, E. A. Kopytenko, and D. B. Zaitev: “Monitoring of the ULF electromagnetic disturbances at the station network before EQ in seismic zones of Izu and Chiba peninsulas(Japan)”, in Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed., pp. 11-18, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (2002a).
    • (2002) TERRAPUB , pp. 11-18
    • Kopytenko, Y.A.1    Ismaguilov, V.S.2    Hattori, K.3    Voronov, P.M.4    Hayakawa, M.5    Molchanov, O.A.6    Kopytenko, E.A.7    Zaitev, D.B.8
  • 29
    • 0027510840 scopus 로고
    • Detection of ultra-low-frequency emissions connected with the Spitak earthquake and its aftershock activity, based on geomagnetic pulsations data at Dusheti and Vardzia observatories
    • Y. A. Kopytenko, T. G. Matishvili, P. M. Voronov, E. A. Kopytenko, and O. A. Molchanov: “Detection of ultra-low-frequency emissions connected with the Spitak earthquake and its aftershock activity, based on geomagnetic pulsations data at Dusheti and Vardzia observatories.”, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., Vol. 77, pp. 85-95 (1993).
    • (1993) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.77 , pp. 85-95
    • Kopytenko, Y.A.1    Matishvili, T.G.2    Voronov, P.M.3    Kopytenko, E.A.4    Molchanov, O.A.5
  • 31
    • 0027099020 scopus 로고
    • Results of ULF magnetic field measurements near the epicenters of the Spitak (Ms=6. 9) and Loma Prieta (Ms=7.1) earthquakes: Comparative analysis
    • O. A. Molchanov, Y. A. Kopytenko, P. M. Voronov, E. A. Kopytenko, T. G. Matiashvili, A. C. Fraser-Smith, and A. Bernardi: “Results of ULF magnetic field measurements near the epicenters of the Spitak (Ms=6. 9) and Loma Prieta (Ms=7.1) earthquakes: Comparative analysis”, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 19, pp. 1495-1498 (1992).
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 1495-1498
    • Molchanov, O.A.1    Kopytenko, Y.A.2    Voronov, P.M.3    Kopytenko, E.A.4    Matiashvili, T.G.5    Fraser-Smith, A.C.6    Bernardi, A.7
  • 32
    • 0000499650 scopus 로고
    • Penetration characteristics of electromagnetic emissions from an underground seismic source into the atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere
    • O. A. Molchanov, M. Hayakawa, and V. A. Rafalsky: “Penetration characteristics of electromagnetic emissions from an underground seismic source into the atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere”, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 100, pp. 1691-1712 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 1691-1712
    • Molchanov, O.A.1    Hayakawa, M.2    Rafalsky, V.A.3
  • 33
    • 0000060198 scopus 로고
    • Generation of ULF electromagnetic emissions by microfracturing
    • O. A. Molchanov and M. Hayakawa: “Generation of ULF electromagnetic emissions by microfracturing”, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 22, pp. 3091-3094 (1995).
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 3091-3094
    • Molchanov, O.A.1    Hayakawa, M.2
  • 34
    • 0031843193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the generation mechanism of ULF seismogenic electromagnetic emissions
    • O. A. Molchanov and M. Hayakawa: “On the generation mechanism of ULF seismogenic electromagnetic emissions”, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., Vol. 105, pp. 201-210 (1998).
    • (1998) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.105 , pp. 201-210
    • Molchanov, O.A.1    Hayakawa, M.2
  • 35
    • 1642384841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inductive seismo-electromagnetic effect in relation to seismogenic ULF emission
    • O. Molchanov, A. Kulchitsky, and M. Hayakawa: “Inductive seismo-electromagnetic effect in relation to seismogenic ULF emission”, Natural Hazards Earth System Sci., Vol. 1, pp. 61-67 (2001).
    • (2001) Natural Hazards Earth System Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 61-67
    • Molchanov, O.1    Kulchitsky, A.2    Hayakawa, M.3
  • 36
    • 1642396117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ULF emission due to inductive seismo-electromagnetic effect
    • (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed. TERRAPUB, Tokyo
    • O. Molchanov, A. Kulchitsky, and M. Hayakawa: “ULF emission due to inductive seismo-electromagnetic effect”, in Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed., pp. 153-162, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (2002).
    • (2002) Seismo Electromagnetics , pp. 153-162
    • Molchanov, O.1    Kulchitsky, A.2    Hayakawa, M.3
  • 37
    • 0001146146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subionospheric VLF signal perturbations possibly related to earthquakes
    • O. A. Molchanov and M. Hayakawa: “Subionospheric VLF signal perturbations possibly related to earthquakes”, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 103, pp. 17489-17504 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 17489-17504
    • Molchanov, O.A.1    Hayakawa, M.2
  • 38
    • 21144480895 scopus 로고
    • Observations by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELF-VLF electromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes
    • O. A. Molchanov, O. A. Mazhaeva, A. N. Goliavin, and M. Hayakawa: “Observations by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELF-VLF electromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes”, Ann. Geophysicae, Vol. 11, pp. 431-440 (1993).
    • (1993) Ann. Geophysicae , vol.11 , pp. 431-440
    • Molchanov, O.A.1    Mazhaeva, O.A.2    Goliavin, A.N.3    Hayakawa, M.4
  • 39
    • 0013396294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical studies with satellite observation of seismogenic effects
    • Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, M. Hayakawa, Ed. Tokyo
    • M. Parrot: “Statistical studies with satellite observation of seismogenic effects”, Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, M. Hayakawa, Ed., pp. 685-695, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (1999).
    • (1999) TERRAPUB , pp. 685-695
    • Parrot, M.1
  • 40
    • 0345852793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling characteristics of ULF geomagnetic field at the Guam seismoactive area and their dynamics in relation to the earthquake
    • N. Smirnova, M. Hayakawa, K. Gotoh, and D. Volobuev: “Scaling characteristics of ULF geomagnetic field at the Guam seismoactive area and their dynamics in relation to the earthquake”, Natural Hazards Earth System Sci., Vol. 1, pp. 119-126 (2001).
    • (2001) Natural Hazards Earth System Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 119-126
    • Smirnova, N.1    Hayakawa, M.2    Gotoh, K.3    Volobuev, D.4
  • 41
    • 0037244351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-earthquake ULF electromagnetic perturbation as a result of inductive seismomagnetic phenomena during microfracturing
    • V. V. Surkov, O. A. Molchanov, and M. Hayakawa: “Pre-earthquake ULF electromagnetic perturbation as a result of inductive seismomagnetic phenomena during microfracturing”, J. Atmos. Solar-terr. Phys., Vol. 65, pp. 31-46 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Solar-terr. Phys. , vol.65 , pp. 31-46
    • Surkov, V.V.1    Molchanov, O.A.2    Hayakawa, M.3
  • 42
    • 0002018211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a complex approach for searching and investigation of electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes: Organization of experiments and analysis procedures
    • Pub. Co. Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, M. Hayakawa, Ed. Tokyo
    • V. N. Troyan, N. A. Smirnova, Y. A. Kopytenko, T. Peterson, and M. Hayakawa: “Development of a complex approach for searching and investigation of electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes: Organization of experiments and analysis procedures”, in Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, M. Hayakawa, Ed., pp. 147-170, Terra Sci. Pub. Co., Tokyo (1999).
    • (1999) Terra Sci. , pp. 147-170
    • Troyan, V.N.1    Smirnova, N.A.2    Kopytenko, Y.A.3    Peterson, T.4    Hayakawa, M.5
  • 43
    • 0038361478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for geophysical data processing in seismc active zones
    • (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed. TERRAPUB, Tokyo
    • V. N. Troyan and M. Hayakawa: “Methods for geophysical data processing in seismc active zones”, in Seismo Electromagnetics (Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling), M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed., pp. 215-221, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (2002).
    • (2002) Seismo Electromagnetics , pp. 215-221
    • Troyan, V.N.1    Hayakawa, M.2
  • 44
    • 1642357078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physical model of electrical earthquake precursors due to crack propagation and the motion of charged edge dislocations
    • Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed. TERRAPUB, Tokyo
    • A. Tzanis and F. Vallianatos: “A physical model of electrical earthquake precursors due to crack propagation and the motion of charged edge dislocations”, in Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, M. Hayakawa and O. A. Molchanov, Ed., pp. 117-130, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (2002).
    • (2002) Seismo Electromagnetics , pp. 117-130
    • Tzanis, A.1    Vallianatos, F.2
  • 48
    • 0000631508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for the generation of precursory electric and magnetic field associated with the deformation rate of the earthquake focus
    • Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, M. hayakawa, Ed. Tokyo
    • F. Vallianatos and A. Tzanis: “A model for the generation of precursory electric and magnetic field associated with the deformation rate of the earthquake focus”, in Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, M. hayakawa, Ed., pp. 287-305, TERRAPUB, Tokyo (1999).
    • (1999) TERRAPUB , pp. 287-305
    • Vallianatos, F.1    Tzanis, A.2
  • 49
    • 0021642270 scopus 로고
    • Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the Earth preceding earthquakes I
    • P. Varostos and K. Alexopoulos: “Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the Earth preceding earthquakes, I.”, Tectonophysics, Vol. 110, pp. 73-98 (1984).
    • (1984) Tectonophysics , vol.110 , pp. 73-98
    • Varostos, P.1    Alexopoulos, K.2
  • 50
    • 0019910289 scopus 로고
    • Radio emission associated with rock fracture: Possible application to the great Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960
    • J. W. Warwick, C. Stoker, and T. R. Meyer: “Radio emission associated with rock fracture: Possible application to the great Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960”, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 87, pp. 2851-2859 (1982).
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 2851-2859
    • Warwick, J.W.1    Stoker, C.2    Meyer, T.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.