America's future in space: Aligning the civil space program with national needs

America's Future in Space: Aligning the Civil Space Program with National Needs

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-90

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EID: 85024131749     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.17226/12701     Document Type: Book

References (37)

1. Report of the Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program, December 1990.
2. See National Research Council, Beyond "Fortress America": National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World, The National Academies Press, 2009, and "Briefing of the Working Group on the Health of the U.S. Space Industrial Base and the Impact of Export Controls," CSIS, Feb. 2008, available at http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/021908csis_spaceindustryitar_final.pdf.
3. "Briefing of the Working Group on the Health of the U.S. Space Industrial Base and the Impact of Export Controls," CSIS, Feb. 2008, available at http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/021908csis_spaceindustryitar_final.pdf.
4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Summary for Policy Makers, 2007; available at http://www.ipcc.ch.
5. National Research Council, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2005.
6. See National Research Council, Understanding and Responding to Climate Change: Highlights of National Academies Reports, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008.
7. See National Research Council, Understanding and Responding to Climate Change: Highlights of National Academies Reports, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008.
8. National Research Council, Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008, p. 38.
9. National Research Council, Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008, pp. 313 and 322.
10. National Research Council, NASA's Beyond Einstein Program: An Architecture for Implementation, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2007.
11. National Research Council, The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems, The National. Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2007.
12. The value of human space exploration has been addressed in the NRC report Scientific Opportunities. in the Human Exploration of Space (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1994).
13. Specific examples of past benefits from astronauts' flexibility and capacity to evaluate complex. situations and adapt to unexpected situations are documented in Where No Man Has Gone Before A History of the Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions (William David Compton, The NASA History Series, NASA SP-4214, NASA, Washington, D.C., 1989).
14. Assessment of Options for Extending the Lifetime of the Hubble Space Telescope (National Research Council, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2004).
15. National Research Council, Science in NASA's Vision for Space Exploration, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2005.
16. For additional economic data see Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, The Space Economy at a Glance 2007, OECD Publishing, Paris, France, 2007.
17. The committee discusses the current status of the government's technology development efforts in the Chapter 3 section titled "Technology and Innovation."
18. See http://www.everettgroup.com/survey2-09/pilotsummary.pdf.
19. See http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/0,1000000097,39147138,00.htm.
20. See http://www.stecf.org/~rfosbury/functional/ECF-AR_06/Christensen.ppt#303, 14,Slide 14.
21. See http://www.scienceofcollaboratories.org/resources/collab.php?317.
22. Wetfeet, Universum's IDEAL™ Employer Rankings 2009?Undergraduate Edition, available at http://www.wetfeet.com/universumrankings/Undergrad-2009.aspx.
23. See National Research Council, NASA's Elementary and Secondary Education Program: Review and Critique, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008, for specific recommendations about NASA education programs.
24. Global commons are assets that are not owned by anyone but are central to life and used for the good of all. The term is drawn from old English law where, for example, the village grazing commons for livestock was critical to sustaining village life and was commonly held property.
25. See Center for Strategic and International Studies, "Briefing of the Working Group on the Health of the U.S. Space Industrial Base and the Impact of Export Controls," February 2008, available at http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/021908_csis_spaceindustryitar_final.pdf.
26. See Center for Strategic and International Studies, "Briefing of the Working Group on the Health of the U.S. Space Industrial Base and the Impact of Export Controls," February 2008, available at http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/021908_csis_spaceindustryitar_final.pdf. p.50.
27. National Research Council, Beyond "Fortress America": National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2009.February available at.
28. An April 2009 report from the Congressional Budget Office, The Budgetary Implications of NASA's Current Plans for Space Exploration, concluded that NASA would need an annual average budget of $23.8 billion for the period 2010-2025 in order to meet its commitments, compared to a fiscal year 2009 budget of $18.8 billion, including $1 billion in 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Actfunds. In testimony before the committee the (then) NASA Administrator, Michael Griffin, estimated that NASA would need approximately $20 billion to $21 billion annually to meet its commitments properly.
29. National Research Council, An Assessment of Balance in NASA's Science Programs, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2006.
30. National Research Council, Ensuring the Climate Record from the NPOESS and GOES-R Spacecraft: Elements of a Strategy to Recover Measurement Capabilities Lost in Program Restructuring, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2009.
31. According to the 2007 NRC report Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond: "[T]he extraordinary U.S. foundation of global observations is at great risk. Between 2006 and the end of the decade, the number of operating missions will decrease dramatically, and the number of operating sensors and instruments on NASA spacecraft, most of which are well past their nominal lifetimes, will decrease by some 40 percent" (The National Academies. Press, Washington, D.C., p. 3).
32. While there are similar demographic issues in other federal agencies, data collected in "The Next Gen Space Workforce: Some Data and Questions in Advance of the NASA Strategic Management Council" by Garth Henning and Richard Leshner (NASA, Washington, D.C., April 2008) show that the aerospace sector is significantly different from other industries, such as information technology and telecommunications and finance.
33. National Research Council, Issues Affecting the Future of the U.S. Space Science and Engineering Workforce, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2006.
34. National Research Council, Building a Better NASA Workforce: Meeting the Workforce Needs for the National Vision for Space Exploration, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2007, pp. 38-43.
35. National Research Council, A Constrained Space Exploration Technology Program: A Review of NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008.
36. The committee does not recommend abandoning export controls but concurs with the recommendations of the NRC report Beyond "Fortress America": National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2009), which call for a restructuring of "the export control process within the federal government so that the balancing of interests can be achieved more efficiently and harm can be prevented to the nation's security and technology base, in addition to promoting U.S. economic competitiveness" (p. 6).
37. National Security Space Assessment Panel, Leadership, Management, and Organization for National Security Space, Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, Va., September 2008.