Mafia-Related Prejudice and the Rise of Italian Americans in the United States

Patterns of Prejudice

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 43-57

  Luconi, Stefano ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Ethnic prejudice; Italian Americans; Mafia; Organized crime; Politics and elections 1890 1990

Indexed keywords

EID: 85024031971     PISSN: 0031322X     EISSN: 14617331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/003132299128810489     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press 1955).
2. Barbara Miller Solomon, Ancestors and Immigrants: A Changing New England Tradition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1956).
3. Anna Maria Martellone, ‘Italian mass emigration to the United States, 1876-1930: a historical survey’, Perspectives in American History, vol. 1, 1984, 379-423.
4. Salvatore J. LaGumina (ed.), Wop! A Documentary History of Anti-Italian Discrimination in the United States (San Francisco: Straight Arrow Books 1973).
5. Jerre Mangione and Ben Morreale, La Storia: Five Centuries of the Italian American Experience (New York: HarperCollins 1992), 241-64.
6. Richard Gambino, ‘Are Italian Americans in “the twilight” of ethnicity, or a new dawn?’, in Mario Aste et al. (eds), Industry, Technology, Labor and the Italian-American Communities (Staten Island, NY: American Italian Historical Association 1997), 161-74.
7. Frank Marshall White, ‘The Black Hand in control of Italian New York’, Outlook, 16 August 1913, 857.
8. New York Times, 24 July 1970.
9. Anthony V. Margavio, ‘The reaction of the press to the Italian American in New Orleans, 1880 to 1920’, Italian Americana, vol. 4, no. 1, 1978, 80.
10. Giose Rimanelli, ‘The 1891 New Orleans lynching: southern politics, Mafia, immigration and the American press’, in Marco Rimanelli and Sheryl L. Postman (eds), The 1891 Lynching and US-Italian Relations: A Look Back (New York: Peter Lang 1992), 52-105.
11. John Landesco, Organized Crime in Chicago: Part III of the Illinois Crime Survey [1929] (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1968).
12. Fletcher Dobyns, The Underworld of American Politics (New York: Dobyns 1932).
13. Humbert S. Nelli, Italians in Chicago, 1880-1930: A Study in Ethnic Mobility (New York: Oxford University Press 1970), 105-12, 121-2, 223-6, 232-3.
14. Humbert S. Nelli, The Business of Crime: Italian and Syndicate Crime in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press 1976), 143-78, 194-6.
15. Ronald H. Bayor, Neighbors in Conflict: The Irish, Germans, Jews, and Italians of New York City, 1929-1941 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 1978), 41-6.
16. Steven P. Eire, Rainbow’s End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840-1985 (Berkeley: University of California Press 1988), 122, 171.
17. Daniel Bell, ‘Crime as an American way of life’ [1953], collected in his The End of Ideology (New York: Free Press 1962), 138-50.
18. Robert K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure (New York: Free Press 1957), 146.
19. James M. O’Kane, The Crooked Ladder: Gangsters, Ethnicity, and the American Dream (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers 1992).
20. Luciano Iorizzo and Salvatore Mondello, ‘Origins of Italian-American criminality: from New Orleans through Prohibition’, Italian Americana, vol. 1, no. 2, 1975, 217-36.
21. Samuel Lubell, The Future of American Politics (New York: Harper and Row 1965), 80-3.
22. Salvatore J. LaGumina, New York at Mid-Century: The Impellitteri Years (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1992), 103-31.
23. Lee Mortimer and Jack Lait, New York Confidential (New York: Crown 1948).
24. Lee Mortimer and Jack Lait, Chicago Confidential (New York: Crown 1950), 176-7.
25. William H. Moore, The Kefauver Committee and the Politics of Crime (Columbia: University of Missouri Press 1974).
26. Estes Kefauver, Crime in America (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1951).
27. US Senate, Eightyfirst Congress, First Session, Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce, Third Interim Report (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office 1951), 2.
28. Lee Mortimer and Jack Lait, Washington Confidential (New York: Crown 1951) and Mortimer and Lait, USA Confidential (New York: Crown 1952).
29. Ed Reid, Mafia (New York: Random House 1952).
30. Ed Reid, The Shame of New York (New York: Random House 1953).
31. New York Herald Tribune Book Review, 1 November 1953, 20.
32. Warren Moscow, The Last of Big Time Bosses: The Life and Times of Carmine De Sapio and the Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall (New York: Stein and Day 1971), 63-4, 97.
33. Gerald Meyer, Vito Marcantonio: Radical Politician, 1902-1954 (Albany: State University of New York Press 1989), 127-9.
34. LaGumina, New York at Mid-Century, 72-4.
35. Gary Wills, ‘Why Cuomo said no’, New York Review of Books, 30 January 1992, 19.
36. Charles L. Fontenay, Estes Kefauver: A Biography (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press 1980), 187-207.
37. Bell, ‘Crime as an American way of life’.
38. Peter Maas, The Valachi Papers (New York: Putnam 1968).
39. Patricia Cayo Sexton, Spanish Harlem: Anatomy of Poverty (New York: Harper and Row 1965), 108.
40. Donald Cressey, Theft of the Nation: The Structure and Operations of Organized Crime in America (New York: Harper and Row 1969), 173.
41. President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Task Force Report: Organized Crime (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office 1967), 6.
42. Mario Puzo, The Godfather (New York: Putnam 1969).
43. Dwight C. Smith, ‘Sons of the Godfather’, Italian Americana, vol. 2, no. 2, 1976, 191-208.
44. Jerre Mangione, ‘My experience as an Italian American writer’, Rivista di Studi Anglo-Americani, vol. 3, nos 4-5, 1984-1985, 78.
45. Mirella Jona Affron, ‘The Italian-American in American films’, Italian Americana, vol. 3, no. 2, 1977, 233-55.
46. Gary C. Byrne and J. Kristian Pueschel, ‘But who should I vote for county coroner?’, Journal of Politics, vol. 36, no. 3, 1974, 779.
47. Robert W. Green, The Sting Man: Inside Abscam (New York: E. P. Dutton 1981).
48. Jerome Krase and Charles LaCerra, Ethnicity and Machine Politics (Lanham, MD: University Press of America 1991), 165.
49. Philip Di Franco, The Italian American Experience (New York: RGA 1988), 157.
50. Philip A. Bean, ‘The Irish, the Italians, and machine politics, a case study: Utica, New York (1870-1960)’, Journal of Urban History, vol. 20, no. 2, 1994, 221, 227.
51. Phylis Cancilla Martinelli, ‘Italian-American experience’, in Joseph S. Roucek and Bernard Eisenberg (eds), America’s Ethnic Politics (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1982), 225.
52. S. A. Paolantonio, Frank Rizzo: The Last Big Man in Big City America (Philadelphia: Camino 1993), 48, 55, 59-60, 69-70, 114-15, 281-3.
53. New York Times, 29 May 1989.
54. Richard Carlson and Lance Brisson, ‘Web that links San Francisco’s Mayor Alioto and the Mafia’, Look, 23 September 1969, 17-21.
55. Peter d’A. Jones, ‘Alioto, Joseph Lawrence’, in Melvin G. Holli and P. d’A. Jones (eds), Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980: Big City Mayors (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1981), 6.
56. Salvatore J. LaGumina, ‘The political profession: big city Italian American mayors’, in Remigio U. Pane (ed.), Italian Americans in the Professions (Staten Island, NY: American Italian Historical Association 1983), 93-5.
57. William J. Shannon, ‘Election of 1984’, in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and Fred L. Israel (eds), History of American Presidential Elections, 10 vols (New York: Chelsea 1986), vol. 10, 301-2;
58. Sharon Churcher, ‘Zaccaro family firm was landlord to alleged mob figure’, New York, 27 August 1984, 17.
59. New York Post, 24 October 1984.
60. Walter Shapiro et al., ‘Furor over Ferraro finances’, Newsweek, 27 August 1984, 30-2.
61. Kurt Andersen, ‘Show and tell’, Time, 3 September 1984, 8-12.
62. Melinda Beck et al., ‘The Ferraro finances’, Newsweek, 3 September 1984, 12-13.
63. Wayne Barrett and William Bastone, ‘Gerry and the mob’, Village Voice, 25 August 1992, 11-14, 36-40.
64. New York Times, 16, 17 September 1992.
65. International Herald Tribune, 17 September 1992.
66. New York Times, 28 October 1987.
67. Nicholas Pileggi, ‘Cuomo and those rumors: getting to the bottom of all the “Mob” talk’, New York, 2 November 1987, 44-51.
68. Robert S. McElvaine, Mario Cuomo: A Biography (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1988), 408-12.
69. Pino Buongiorno, in Stefano Scotti (ed.), America, America (Milan: Mondadori 1992), 43-4.
70. Jack W. Germond and Jules Witcover, Mad as Hell: Revolt at the Ballot Box, 1992 (New York: Warner Books 1993), 115, 189.
71. Gennifer Flowers, Sleeping with the President: My Intimate Years with Bill Clinton (New York: Anonymous Press 1996), 128.
72. Nelli, Italians in Chicago, 232-4.
73. Stefano Luconi, ‘Anti-Italian prejudice and discrimination and the persistence of ethnic voting among Philadelphia’s Italian Americans: 1928-1953’, Studi Emigrazione, vol. 29, no. 105, 1992, 124-9.
74. Carlson and Brisson, ‘Web that links San Francisco’s Mayor’.
75. Rose Doris Scherini, The Italian-American Community of San Francisco: A Descriptive Study [1976] (New York: Arno Press 1980), 64-5.
76. Geraldine Ferraro with Linda Bird Francke, Ferraro: My Story (Toronto: Bantam Books 1985), 230-5, 315.
77. Everett Carll Ladd, ‘On mandates, realignments, and the 1984 presidential election’, Political Science Quarterly, vol. 100, no. 1, 1985, 14.
78. Sandra Featherman, ‘Italian-American voting in local elections: the Philadelphia case’, in Richard N. Juliani and Philip V. Cannistraro (eds), Italian Americans: The Search for a Usable Past (Staten Island, NY: American Italian Historical Association 1989), 52-3.
79. Nelli, Italians in Chicago, 226.
80. Dominic Candeloro, ‘A personal essay on Italian Americans in Chicago and Illinois politics in the twentieth century’, Altreitalie, vol. 10, no. 17, 1998, 33.
81. Luconi, ‘Anti-Italian prejudice and discrimination’, 128.
82. Douglas Bukowski, Big Bill Thompson, Chicago, and the Politics of Image (Urbana: University of Illinois Press 1998), 186-7.
83. Phylis Martinelli and Leonard Gordon, ‘Italian Americans: images across half a century’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 11, no. 3, 1988, 217-31.
84. Anthony Sorrentino, Organizing the Ethnic Community: An Account of the Origin, History and Development of the Joint Civic Committee of Italian Americans (1952-1995) (Staten Island, NY: Center for Migration Studies 1995), 47.
85. Richard N. Juliani, ‘The image of the Italian in American film and television’, in Randall M. Miller (ed.), Ethnic Images in American Film and Television (Philadelphia: Balch Institute 1978), 100.
86. Francis A. J. Ianni, Black Mafia: Ethnic Succession in Organized Crime (New York: Simon and Schuster 1974).
87. Fenton S. Bresler, The Chinese Mafia (New York: Stein and Day 1981).
88. Gerald L. Posner, Warlord of Crime: Chinese Secret Societies—The New Mafia (New York: McGraw-Hill 1988).
89. Arkadiaei Vaksberg, The Soviet Mafia (New York: St. Martin’s Press 1991).
90. Nicholas Pileggi, ‘Risorgimento: the red, white, and greening of New York’ [1971].
91. David R. Colburn and George E. Pozzetta (eds), America and the New Ethnicity (Port Washington, NY: Kennikat 1979), 117-32.
92. Nicholas Gage, The Mafia Is Not an Equal Opportunity Employer (New York: McGraw-Hill 1971), 69-79.
93. Joseph V. Scelsa, ‘The 80th Street Mafia’, in A. Kenneth Ciongoli and Jay Parini (eds), Beyond the Godfather: Italian American Writers on the Real Italian American Experience (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England 1997), 289.
94. Richard Alba, Italian Americans: Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall 1985).
95. Scherini, The Italian-American Community of San Francisco, 117-18.
96. Rudolph J. Vecoli, ‘The search for an Italian American identity: continuity and change’, in Lydio F. Tomasi (ed.), Italian Americans: New Perspectives in Italian Immigration and Ethnicity (Staten Island, NY: Center for Migration Studies 1985), 105.
97. New York Post, 6 January 1998.
98. International Herald Tribune, 17 September, 5 November 1998.
99. Michael Barone, Grant Ujifusa and Richard E. Cohen, The Almanac of American Politics, 1998 (New York: Times Books 1997).
100. Richard F. Fenno, Jr., The Emergence of a Senate Leader: Pete Domenici and the Reagan Budget (Washington DC: CQ Press 1991), 18-19.
101. Mark Jacobson, ‘Rudy’s oval office dream’, New York, 10 November 1997, 46-53.
102. Benjamin Ginsberg and Martin Shefter, Politics by Other Means: The Declining Importance of Elections in America (New York: Basic Books 1990).
103. Ginsberg and Shefter ‘Ethics probes as political weapons’, Journal of Law and Politics, vol. 11, no. 3, 1995, 497-511.
104. Richard Gambino, ‘The crisis of Italian American identity’, in Cingoli and Parrini (eds), 287.