Effect of the Vegetation Fire on Backscattering: An Investigation Based on Sentinel-1 Observations

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Volumn 10, Issue 10, 2017, Pages 4478-4492

  Imperatore, Pasquale ^a   Azar, Ramin ^a   Calo, Fabiana ^a   Stroppiana, Daniela ^a   Brivio, Pietro Alessandro ^a   Lanari, Riccardo ^a   Pepe, Antonio ^a  

^a INSTITUTE FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT   (Italy)

Author keywords

Burned vegetation; electromagnetic backscattering; Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI); multispectral; Sentinel 1 (S1); synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

Indexed keywords

BACKSCATTERING; FIRES; RADAR; SPACE-BASED RADAR; VEGETATION;

BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENTS; COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS; EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS; HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEM; MULTI-SPECTRAL; OPERATIONAL LAND IMAGER; SENTINEL-1;

SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR;

ALGORITHM; FIRE; LANDSAT; SENTINEL; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

ITALY; SARDINIA;

EID: 85023180866     PISSN: 19391404     EISSN: 21511535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2717039     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. L. L. Bourgeau-Chavez, E. S. Kasischke, S. Brunzell, J. P. Mudd, and M. Tukman, "Mapping fire scars in global boreal forests using imaging radar data, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 23, no. 20, pp. 4211-4234, 2002.
2. M. Shoshany, "Satellite remote sensing of natural mediterranean vegetation: A review within an ecological context, " Prog. Phys. Geography, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 153-178, Jun. 2000.
3. J. M. C. Pereira, A. C. L. Śa, A. M. O. Sousa, J. M. N. Silva, T. N. Santos, and J. M. B. Carreiras, "Spectral characterization and discrimination of burnt areas, " in Remote Sensing of Large Wildfires in the European Mediterranean Basin. E. Chuvieco, Ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1999, pp. 123-138.
4. D. Stroppiana et al., "Remote sensing of burned area: A fuzzy-based framework for joint processing of optical and microwave data, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp., Milan, Italy, Jul. 2015, pp. 1409-1412.
5. D. Stroppiana et al., "Integration of optical and SAR data for burned area mapping in mediterranean regions, " Remote Sens., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1320-1345, Jan. 2015.
6. N. H. F. French, L. L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Y. Wang, and E. S. Kasischke, "Initial observations of radarsat imagery at fire-disturbed sites in interior Alaska, " Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 89-94, 1999.
7. L. L. Bourgeau-Chavez, P. A. Harrell, E. S. Kasischke, andN.H. F. French, "The detection and mapping of Alaskan wildfires using a spaceborne imaging radar system, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 355-373, 1997.
8. D. C. Lutes et al., , "FIREMON: Fire effects monitoring and inventory system, " U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, RockyMountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-164-CD, pp. LA-1-55, 2006.
9. T. Katagis, I. Z. Gitas, P. Toukiloglou, S. Veraverbeke, and R. Goossens, "Trend analysis of medium-And coarse-resolution time series image data for burned area mapping in a mediterranean ecosystem, " Int. J. Wildland Fire, vol. 23, pp. 668-677, 2014.
10. T. V. Loboda, E. E. Hoy, L. Giglio, and E. S. Kasischke, "Mapping burned area in alaska using MODIS data: A data limitations-driven modification to the regional burned area algorithm, " Int. J. Wildland Fire, vol. 20, pp. 487-496, 2011.
11. M. S. Akther and Q. K. Hassan, "Remote sensing-based assessment of fire danger conditions over boreal forest, " IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 992-999, Dec. 2011.
12. F. Mouillot et al., "Ten years of global burned area products from spaceborne remote sensing-A review: Analysis of user needs and recommendations for future developments, " Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinf., vol. 26, pp. 64-79, Feb. 2014.
13. L. Boschetti, P. A. Brivio, and J.-M. Gŕegoire, "The use of meteosat and GMS imagery to detect burned areas in tropical environments, " Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 78-91, 2003.
14. P. Oliva, P. Martin, and E. Chuvieco, "Burned area mapping with MERIS post-fire images, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 32, no. 15, pp. 4175-4201, 2011.
15. E. Chuvieco, M. Pilar Martin, and A. Palacios. "Assessment of different spectral indices in the red-near-infrared spectral domain for burned land discrimination." Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 23, no. 23, pp. 5103-5110, 2002.
16. N. Koutsias, M. Pleniou, G. Mallinis, F. Nioti, and N. I. Sifakis, "A rulebased semi-Automatic method to map burned areas: exploring the USGS historical Landsat archives to reconstruct recent fire history, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 34, no. 20, pp. 7049-7068, 2013.
17. N. Koutsias and M. Karteris, "Burned area mapping using logistic regression modeling of a single post-fire landsat-5 thematic mapper image, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 21, pp. 673-687, 2000.
18. M. Kurum, "C-band SAR backscatter evaluation of 2008 gallipoli forest fire, " IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1091-1095, May 2015.
19. M. Gimeno, J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, and G. Schmuck, "Identification of burnt areas in mediterranean forest environments from ERS-2 SAR time series, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 25, no. 22, pp. 4873-4888, 2004.
20. M. A. Tanase, M. Santoro, C. Aponte, and J. de la Riva, "Polarimetric properties of burned forest areas at C-And L-band, " IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 267-276, Jan. 2014.
21. M.A. Tanase, M. Santoro, J. de la Riva, F. Ṕerez-Cabello, and T. Le Toan, "Sensitivity of X-, C-, and L-band SAR backscatter to burn severity in mediterranean pine forests, " IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 3663-3675, Oct. 2010.
22. E. S. Kasischke, L. L. Bourgeau-Chavez, and N. H. F. French, "Observations of variations in ERS-1 SAR image intensity associated with forest fires in Alaska, " IEEE Trans.Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 206-210, Jan. 1994.
23. D. G. Goodenough, H. Chen, A. Richardson, S. Cloude, W. Hong, and Y. Li, "Mapping fire scars using radarsat-2 polarimetric SAR data, " Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 37 no. 5 , pp. 500-509, 2011.
24. M. Gimeno and J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, "Evaluating of RADARSAT-1 data for identification of burnt areas in southern Europe, " Remote Sens. Environ, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 370-375, 2004.
25. M. Gimeno, J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, and G. Schmuck, "Identification of burnt areas in mediterranean forest environments from ERS-2 SAR time series, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 25, no. 22, pp. 4873-4888, 2004.
26. M. Salis et al., "Analyzing spatiotemporal changes in wildfire regime and exposure across a mediterranean fire-prone area, " Natural Hazards, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 1389-1418, 2014.
27. C. Elachi and J. J. Van Zyl, Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing, New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2006.
28. L. Tsang, J. A. Kong, and R. T. Shin, Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1985.
29. A. Ishimaru, Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media. New York, NY, USA: Academic, 1993.
30. L. Tsang and J. A. Kong, Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves, Advanced Topics. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2001.
31. P. Imperatore, A. Iodice, and D. Riccio, "Electromagnetic wave scattering from layered structures with an arbitrary number of rough interfaces, " IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1056-1072, Apr. 2009.
32. P. Imperatore, A. Iodice, and D. Riccio, "Volumetric-perturbative reciprocal formulation for scattering from rough multilayers, " IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 877-887, Mar. 2011.
33. H. H. Arsenault and G. April, "Properties of speckle integrated with a finite aperture and logarithmically transformed, " J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 66, pp. 1160-1163, 1976.
34. P. Imperatore, A. Iodice, and D. Riccio, "Volumetric and interfacial inhomogeneities of random semi-infinite media: A unified perturbative scattering model, " in Proc. Int. Geosc. Remote Sen. Symp., Munich, Germany, Jul. 2012, pp. 5794-5797.
35. P. Imperatore, A. Iodice, and D. Riccio, "Second-order volumetricperturbative reciprocal scattering theory, " IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1505-1520, Mar. 2012.
36. C. Quintano, A. Ferńandez-Manso, A. Stein, and W. Bijker, "Estimation of area burned by forest fires in Mediterranean countries: A remote sensing data mining perspective, " Forest Ecology Manage., vol. 262, no. 8, pp. 1597-1607, Oct. 2011.
37. C. C. Kontoes, H. Poilve, G. Florsch, I. Keramitsoglou, and S. Paralikidis, "A comparative analysis of a fixed thresholding vs. a classification tree approach for operational burn scar detection and mapping, " Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinf., vol. 11, pp. 299-316, 2009.
38. J. M. Robinson, "Fire from space: Global fire, " evaluation using infrared remote sensing, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 3-24, 1991.
39. J. M. C. Pereira, "Remote sensing of burned areas in tropical savannas, " Int. J. Wildland Fire, vol. 12, pp. 259-270, 2003.
40. S. Trigg and S. Flasse, "An evaluation of different bi-spectral spaces for discriminating burned shrub savanna, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 22, no. 13, pp. 2641-2647, 2001.
41. D. Stroppiana, M. Boschetti, P. Zaffaroni, and P. A. Brivio, "Analysis and interpretation of spectral indices for soft multi-criteria burned area mapping in Mediterranean regions, " IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 499-503, Jul. 2009.
42. A. Cardil, M. Salis, D. Spano, G. Delogu, and D. Molina Terŕen, "Large wildland fires and extreme temperatures in Sardinia (Italy), " iForest-Biogeosci. Forestry, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 162-169, 2014.
43. M. Salis et al., "Assessing exposure of human and ecological values to wildfire in Sardinia, Italy, " Int. J. Wildland Fire, vol. 22, pp. 549-565, 2013.
44. A. Cardil, M. Salis, D. Spano, G. Delogu, and D. Molina Terŕen, "Large wildland fires and extreme temperatures in Sardinia (Italy), " iForest-Biogeosci. Forestry, vol. 7, pp. 162-169, 2014.
45. [Online]. Available: http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/effis. Accessed on: Oct. 2015.
46. R. Torresa et al., "GMES sentinel-1 mission, " Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 120, no. 15, pp. 9-24, May 2012.
47. D. Small, "Flattening gamma: Radiometric terrain correction for SAR imagery, " IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 3081-3093, Aug. 2011.
48. D. P. Roy et al., "Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research, " Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 145, pp. 154-172, 2014.
49. [Online]. Available:http://landsat.usgs.gov/CDR-LSR.php. Accessed on: Oct. 2015.
50. [Online]. Available:https://espa.cr.usgs.gov/. Accessed on: Oct. 2015.
51. http://landsat.usgs.gov/documents/provisional-l8sr-product-guide.pdf. Accessed on: Oct. 2015.
52. [Online]. Available:http://www.sardegnageoportale.it/argomenti/cartedelsuolo.htm
53. L. A. Zadeh, "Fuzzy sets, " Inf. Control, vol. 8, pp. 338-353. 1965.
54. M. Boschetti, D. Stroppiana, and P. A. Brivio, "Mapping burned areas in a mediterranean environment using soft integration of spectral indices from high-resolution satellite images, " Earth Interact., vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 1-20, 2010.
55. D. Stroppiana, G. Bordogna, P. Carrara, M. Boschetti, L. Boschetti, and P. A. Brivio, "A method for extracting burned areas from Landsat TM/ETM+ images by soft aggregation of multiple Spectral Indices and a region growing algorithm, " ISPRS J. Photogrammetry. Remote Sens., vol. 69, pp. 88-102, 2012.
56. R. Adams and L. Bischof, "Seeded region growing, " IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 641-647, Jun. 1994.
57. P. Carrara, G. Bordogna, M. Boschetti, P. A. Brivio, A. Nelson, and D. Stroppiana, "A flexible multi-source spatial-data fusion system for environmental status assessment at continental scale, " Int. J. Geographical Inf. Sci., vol. 22, pp. 781-799, 2008.
58. C. J. Oliver and S. Quegan, Understanding Synthetic Aperture Radar Images. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, 1998.
59. H. Xie, L. E. Pierce, and F. T. Ulaby, "Statistical properties of logarithmically transformed speckle, " IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 721-727, Mar. 2002.
60. J. S. Lee, "Speckle analysis and smoothing of synthetic aperture radar images", Comput. Graph. Image Process., no. 17, pp. 24-32, 1981.
61. J. S. Lee, "A simple speckle smoothing algorithm for synthetic aperture radar images, " IEEE Trans. Syst. ManCybern., vol. SMC-13, no. 1, pp. 85-89, Jan. 1983.
62. J. M. Stiles and K. Sarabandi, "Electromagnetic scattering from grassland. I. A fully phase-coherent scattering model, " IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 339-348, Jan. 2000.
63. J. M. Stiles, K. Sarabandi, and F. T. Ulaby, "Electromagnetic scattering from grassland. II. Measurement and modeling results, " IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 349-356, Jan. 2000.
64. L. Bruzzone and F. Bovolo, "Unsupervised change detection in multitemporal SAR images, " in Signal and Image Processing for Remote Sensing. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, Oct. 2006.
65. S. Suri and P. Reinartz, "Mutual-information-based registration of TerraSAR-X and ikonos imagery in urban areas, " IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 939-949, Feb. 2010.
66. K. Ersahin, I. G. Cumming, and R. K. Ward, "Segmentation and classification of polarimetric SAR data using spectral graph partitioning, " IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 164-174, Jan. 2010.
67. N. Otsu, "Athreshold selectionmethod from gray-level histograms, " IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 62-66, 1979.
68. A.M. S. Smith, N. A. Drake, M. J. Wooster, A. T. Hudak, Z. A. Holden, and C. J. Gibbons, "Production of landsat ETM+ reference imagery of burned areas within Southern African savannahs: Comparison of methods and application toMODIS, " Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2753-2775, 2007.
69. S. Biswas, K. D. Lasko, and K. P. Vadrevu, "Fire disturbance in tropical forests of myanmar-Analysis using MODIS satellite datasets, " IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2273-2281, May 2015.
70. J. W. Rouse, R. H. Haas, J. A. Schell, and D. W. Deering, "Monitoring vegetation systems in the great plains with ERTS, " in Proc. 3rd Earth Resource Technol. Satellite-1 Symp., 1973, vol. 1, pp. 309-317.
71. A. R. Huete, "A soil-Adjusted vegetation index, " Remote Sens. Environ. vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 295-309, 1988.
72. A. R. Huete, K. Didan, T. Miura, E. P. Rodriguez, X. Gao, and L. G. Ferreira, "Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of theMODIS vegetation indices, " Remote Sens. Environ. vol. 83, no. 1/2, pp. 195-213, 2002.
73. D. Stroppiana, G. Bordogna, M. Boschetti, P. Carrara, L. Boschetti, and P. A. Brivio, "Positive and negative information for assessing and revising scores of burn evidence, " IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 363-367, May 2012.
74. R. R. Yager, "On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multicriteria decision making, " IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 183-190, Jan./Feb. 1988.