The baltic states on the road to EU accession: Opportunities and challenges

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 171-192

  Van Elsuwege, Peter ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

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EID: 85022364050     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/a:1016318709271     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. See J. Pelkmans and A. Murphy, 'Catapulted into Leadership: The Community's Trade and Aid Policies vis-à-vis Eastern Europe', Journal of European Integration, 14, 1990- 1991, 2- 3, pp. 125- 151.
2. C. Hillion, 'Partnership and Cooperation Agreements between the European Union and the New Independent States of the ex-Soviet Union', (1998) 3 EFA Rev, pp. 401- 405.
3. L. Weerts, 'L'indépendance des Etats baltes: Etude d'un processus de légitimitation dans le contexte international', Transitions, 1999, 1- 2, pp. 181- 184;
4. J. Quigley, 'Baltic Russians: Entitled Inhabitants or Unlawful Settlers?' in R. Clark, F. Feldbrugge, and S. Pomorski, International and National Law in Russia and Eastern Europe (The Hague, Nijhoff, 2001), p. 325.
5. R. Martikonis and D. Ziukas, 'Litouwen en de Europese Unie: historische en politieke perspectieven' in L. Carrafiello, L. Spaepen and N. Vertongen (eds), De Balten op de tweesprong tussen Oost en West (Leuven, Garant, 1999), p. 217.
6. M. Maresceau and E. Montaguti, 'The Relations between the European Union and Central and Eastern Europe: a Legal Appraisal', CML Rev, 32, 1995, 6, p. 1332.
7. P. Van Ham, 'The Baltic States and Zwischeneuropa: “Geography is Destiny?”', International Relations, 14, 1998, 2, pp. 47- 59.
8. Bulletin of the EU, 1994, 1- 2, 1.3.40.
9. For a detailed analysis see, for example, M. Maresceau, 'The EU Pre-Accession Strategies: a Political and Legal Analysis' in M. Maresceau and E. Lannon (eds), The EU's Enlargement and Mediterranean Strategies. A Comparative Analysis. (Houndmills, Palgrave Publishers, 2001), pp. 3- 28.
10. C. Preston, Enlargement and Integration in the European Union (London, Routledge, 1997), pp. 97- 98.
11. C. Bildt, 'Watch Russia's Baltic “Near Abroad”', International Herald Tribune, 27 July 1993;
12. C. Bildt, 'The Baltic Litmus Test', Foreign Affairs, 73, 1994, 5, pp. 72- 85.
13. P. Truscott, Russia First: Breaking with the West (London, Tauris Publishers, 1997), pp. 35- 39.
14. See, for example, J. Chin and R. Kaiser, Russians as the New Minority: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Soviet Successor States (Oxford, Westview Press, 1996), pp. 93- 128.
15. J. Dorodnova, 'EU Concerns in Estonia and Latvia: Implications of Enlargement for Russia's Behaviour Towards the Russian-speaking Minorities', EUI Working Papers, RSC, 2000, 40, p. 9.
16. H. Grabbe and K. Hughes, Enlarging the EU Eastwards (London, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1998), p. 114.
17. S. Nello and K. Smith, 'The Consequences of Eastern Enlargement of the European Union in Stages', EUI Working Papers, RSC, 1997, 51, p. 47.
18. G. Amato and J. Batt, 'Minority Rights and EU Enlargement to the East', RSC Policy Papers, 1998, 5, p. 10.
19. Open Society Institute, Monitoring the EU Accession Process, pp. 178- 179.
20. See, for example, M.A. Jubulis, 'The External Dimension of Democratization in Latvia: the Impact of European Institutions', International Relations, 13, 1996, 3, pp. 59- 73.
21. I. Kempe and W. Van Meurs, 'Strategic Challenges and Risks of EU Eastern Enlargement' in I. Kempe (ed.), Beyond EU Enlargement: The Agenda of Direct Neighbourhood for Eastern Europe (vol. 1), (Gütersloh, Bertelsmann Foundation, 2001), p. 26.
22. See also J. Baxendale, 'EU- Russia Relations: Is 2001 a Turning Point for Kalingrad?' (2001) 4 EFA Rev, pp. 437- 464.
23. J. Lebullenger, 'Un accord de partenariat confronté aux règles du GATT et de l'OMC', in J. Raux and V. Korovkine (eds), Le Partenariat entre l'Union Européenne et la Fédération de Russie (Rennes, Apogée, 1998), pp. 214- 215.
24. S. Medvedev, 'Geopolitics and Beyond: The New Russian Policy Towards the Baltic States', in Jopp and Arnswald (1998), p. 240.
25. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Of The Russian Federation, The Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation, available at .
26. I. Ivanov, 'Russia and the European Union: the Prospects of Strategic Partnership', Europa Magazine, 2001, 5, p. 115.
27. A. Sergounin, 'The Russian Dimension', in H. Mouritzen, Bordering Russia. Theory and Prospects for Europe's Baltic Rim (Aldershot, Ashgate, 1998), p. 19.
28. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, The Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation, p. 7, available at .
29. D. Trenin, Baltic Chance. The Baltic States, Russia and the West in the Emerging Greater Europe (Washington, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 11.
30. A. Lindh and C. Patten, 'The Northern Dimension of EU foreign policy: from words to action', Financial Times, 20 December 2000.
31. H. Ojanen, 'The EU and its “Northern Dimension”: An Actor in Search of a Policy or a Policy in Search of an Actor?', (2000) 3 EFA Rev, pp. 571- 573.
32. M. Vahl, A Northern Dimension Model for Relations between the European Union and its 'Near Abroad' (Brussels, Centre for European Policy Studies, 2001), pp. 5- 9.
33. Dmitri Trenin describes this opportunity as 'the Baltic chance'. See D. Trenin, Baltic Chance. The Baltic States, Russia, and the West in the Emerging Greater Europe (Washington, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 54.
34. 'X, Sea of Dreams', The Economist, 18 April, 1998, p. 50.