Cardiometabolic abnormalities among normal-weight persons from five racial/ethnic groups in the United States: A cross-sectional analysis of two cohort studies

Annals of Internal Medicine

Volumn 166, Issue 9, 2017, Pages 628-636

  Gujral, Unjali P ^a   Vittinghoff, Eric ^b   Mongraw Chaffin, Morgana ^c   Vaidya, Dhananjay ^d   Kandula, Namratha R ^e   Allison, Matthew ^f   Carr, Jeffrey ^g   Liu, Kiang ^h   Narayan, K M Venkat ^a   Kanaya, Alka M ⁱ  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e Center for Community Health   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h Emory University ^*  (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CALORIC INTAKE; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUCASIAN; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEPATIC FAT ATTENUATION; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBESITY; PERICARDIAL FAT; PHENOTYPE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOUTH ASIAN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; UNITED STATES; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNOLOGY; METABOLIC DISORDER; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VERY ELDERLY;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ASIAN AMERICANS; BODY MASS INDEX; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC DISEASES; MIDDLE AGED; PHENOTYPE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85020727990     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: 15393704     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7326/M16-1895     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Da Costa L.A., Arora P, Garcia-Bailo B, Karmali M., El-Sohemy A, Badawi A. The association between obesity, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, and innate immunity-related inflammation in Canadian adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2012; 5:347-55.
2. Lastra G, Manrique C, Sowers JR Obesity, cardiometabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease: the weight of the evidence. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2006; 13:365-73. [PMID: 17045222]
3. Holmes MV, Lange LA, Palmer T, Lanktree M.B., North KE, Almoguera B, et al. Causal effects of body mass index on cardiometabolic traits and events: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 2014; 94:198-208. [PMID: 24462370] doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.12.014
4. Wildman RP, Muntner P, Reynolds K., McGinn AP, Rajpathak S, Wylie-Rosett J, et al. The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering: prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among the US population (NHANES 1999-2004). Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168:1617-24. [PMID: 18695075] doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1617
5. St-Onge M.P., Janssen I, Heymsfield SB Metabolic syndrome in normal-weight Americans: new definition of the metabolically obese, normal-weight individual. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27:2222-8. [PMID: 15333488]
6. Ruderman N, Chisholm D, Pi-Sunyer X, Schneider S. The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited. Diabetes. 1998; 47: 699-713. [PMID: 9588440]
7. Conus F, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Péronnet F. Characteristics of metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) subjects. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007; 32:4-12. [PMID: 17332780]
8. Misra A, Khurana L. The metabolic syndrome in South Asians: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2009; 7:497-514. [PMID: 19900153] doi:10.1089/met.2009.0024
9. Misra A, Shrivastava U. Obesity and dyslipidemia in South Asians. Nutrients. 2013; 5:2708-33. [PMID: 23863826] doi:10.3390/nu5072708
10. Ravikiran M, Bhansali A, Ravikumar P., Bhansali S, Dutta P, Thakur J.S., et al. Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: a community survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010; 89: 181-8. [PMID: 20381187] doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2010.03.010
11. Gordon-Larsen P., Adair LS, Meigs J.B., Mayer-Davis E, Herring A, Yan S.K., et al. Discordant risk: overweight and cardiometabolic risk in Chinese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013; 21:E166-74. [PMID: 23505200] doi:10.1002/oby.20409
12. Razak F, Anand SS, Shannon H, Vuksan V., Davis B, Jacobs R, et al Defining obesity cut points in a multiethnic population. Circulation. 2007; 115:2111-8. [PMID: 17420343]
13. Chiu M, Austin PC, Manuel D.G., Shah BR, Tu JV. Deriving ethnic-specific BMI cutoff points for assessing diabetes risk. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34:1741-8. [PMID: 21680722] doi:10.2337/dc10-2300
14. Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke G.L., Detrano R., Diez Roux AV, Folsom AR, et al. Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 156:871-81. [PMID: 12397006]
15. Ainsworth BE, Irwin ML, Addy C.L., Whitt MC, Stolarczyk LM. Moderate physical activity patterns of minority women: the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 1999; 8:805-13. [PMID: 10495261]
16. Nettleton JA, Steffen LM, Mayer-Davis EJ, Jenny N.S., Jiang R., Herrington DM, et al. Dietary patterns are associated with biochemical markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in the MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 83: 1369-79. [PMID: 16762949]
17. Kanaya AM, Kandula N, Herrington D., Budoff MJ, Hulley S, Vittinghoff E, et al Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study: objectives, methods, and cohort description. Clin Cardiol. 2013; 36:713-20. [PMID: 24194499] doi:10.1002/clc.22219
18. Wang ET, de Koning L, Kanaya AM. Higher protein intake is associated with diabetes risk in South Asian Indians: the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2010; 29:130-5. [PMID: 20679148]
19. Shah AD, Vittinghoff E, Kandula N.R., Srivastava S., Kanaya AM. Correlates of prediabetes and type II diabetes in US South Asians: findings from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Ann Epidemiol. 2015; 25:77-83. [PMID: 25459085] doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.10.013
20. Tota-Maharaj R., Blaha MJ, Zeb I, Katz R., Blankstein R, Blumenthal RS, et al Ethnic and sex differences in fatty liver on cardiac computed tomography: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014; 89:493-503. [PMID: 24613289] doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.12.015
21. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels S.R., Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al; American Heart Association. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005; 112:2735-52. [PMID: 16157765]
22. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome - a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med. 2006; 23:469-80. [PMID: 16681555]
23. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33 Suppl 1:S62-9. [PMID: 20042775] doi:10.2337/dc10-S062
24. Hinnouho GM, Czernichow S, Dugravot A., Nabi H, Brunner EJ, Kivimaki M, et al Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2015; 36:551-9. [PMID: 24670711] doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu123
25. Aung K, Lorenzo C, Hinojosa M.A., Haffner SM. Risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease in metabolically unhealthy normal-weight and metabolically healthy obese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99:462-8. [PMID: 24257907] doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2832
26. Appleton SL, Seaborn CJ, Visvanathan R, Hill C.L., Gill TK, Taylor AW, et al; North West Adelaide Health Study Team. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease outcomes in the metabolically healthy obese phenotype: a cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36:2388-94. [PMID: 23491523] doi:10.2337/dc12-1971
27. WHO Consultation on Obesity. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, 3-5 June 1997. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998. Accessed at http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63854 on 18 March 2016.
28. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004; 363:157-63. [PMID: 14726171]
29. Zou G. A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 159:702-6. [PMID: 15033648]
30. Shah AD, Kandula NR, Lin F, Allison M.A., Carr J., Herrington D, et al. Less favorable body composition and adipokines in South Asians compared with other US ethnic groups: results from the MASALA and MESA studies. Int J Obes (Lond). 2016; 40:639-45. [PMID: 26499444] doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.219
31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years with mental illness - United States, 2009-2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013; 62:81-7. [PMID: 23388551]
32. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit B.K., Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA. 2012; 307:491-7. [PMID: 22253363] doi:10.1001/jama.2012.39
33. Cowie CC, Rust KF, Ford E.S., Eberhardt MS, Byrd-Holt DD, Li C, et al Full accounting of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the U.S. population in 1988-1994 and 2005-2006. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32:287-94. [PMID: 19017771] doi:10.2337/dc08-1296
34. 1c and fasting plasma glucose: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999-2010. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36:2286-93. [PMID: 23603918] doi:10.2337/dc12-2563
35. Siu AL; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2015; 163:861-8. [PMID: 26501513] doi:10.7326/M15-2345