Gaming disorder: Its delineation as an important condition for diagnosis, management, and prevention

Journal of Behavioral Addictions

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 271-279

  Saunders, John B ^a   Hao, Wei ^b   Long, Jiang ^b   King, Daniel L ^c   Mann, Karl ^d   Fauth Bühler, Mira ^d   Rumpf, Hans Jürgen ^e   Bowden Jones, Henrietta ^f   Rahimi Movaghar, Afarin ^g   Chung, Thomas ^h   Chan, Elda ⁱ   Bahar, Norharlina ^j   Achab, Sophia ^k   Lee, Hae Kook ^l   Potenza, Marc ^m   Petry, Nancy ⁿ   Spritzer, Daniel ^o   Ambekar, Atul ^p   Derevensky, Jeffrey ^q   Griffiths, Mark D ^r   Pontes, Halley M ^r   Kuss, Daria ^r   Higuchi, Susumu ^s   Mihara, Satoko ^s   Assangangkornchai, Sawitri ^t   Sharma, Manoj ^u   El Kashef, Ahmad ^v   Ip, Patrick ^w   Farrell, Michael ^x   Scafato, Emanuele ^y   Carragher, Natacha ^z   Poznyak, Vladimir ^z   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF LÜBECK   (Germany)

^f CENTRAL AND NORTH WEST LONDON NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^g TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^h Department of Health ^*  (Hong Kong)

ⁱ TUNG WAH COLLEGE   (Hong Kong)

^j Selayang Hospital   (Malaysia)

^k GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

^l The Catholic University of Korea   (South Korea)

^m Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities   (United States)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^o Study Group on Technological Addictions   (Brazil)

^p ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

^q MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^r NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^s KURIHAMA NATIONAL HOSPITAL   (Japan)

^t PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^u NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES   (India)

^v National Rehabilitation Center   (United Arab Emirates)

^w UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^x UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^y ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^z WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

more..

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Gaming addiction; Gaming disorder; Intervention

Indexed keywords

ASIAN; BRAIN REGION; DISEASE BURDEN; FAMILY; FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING; GAME ADDICTION; HUMAN; ICD-11; NEUROBIOLOGY; PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; WESTERN EUROPE; ADDICTION; CLASSIFICATION; INTERNET; RECREATIONAL GAME; VIDEO GAME;

BEHAVIOR, ADDICTIVE; GAMES, RECREATIONAL; HUMANS; INTERNET; VIDEO GAMES;

EID: 85020483017     PISSN: 20625871     EISSN: 20635303     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.039     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Aarseth, E., Bean, A. M., Boonen, H., Colder Carras, M., Coulson, M., Das, D., Deleuze, J., Dunkels, E., Edman, J., Ferguson, C. J., Haagsma, M. C., Helmersson Bergmark, K., Hussain, Z., Jansz, J., Kardefelt-Winther, D., Kutner, L., Markey, P., Nielsen, R. K., Prause, N., Przybylski, A., Quandt, T., Schimmenti, A., Starcevic, V., Stutman, G., Van Looy, J., & Van Rooij, A. J. (2016). Scholars' open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD 11 Gaming Disorder proposal. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.088
2. Achab, S. (2016). Switzerland Report: Background paper prepared for the WHO Hong-Kong Meeting on Policy and Program Responses to Mental and Behavioral Disorders Associated with Excessive Use of the Internet and Other Communication and Gaming Platforms. Available through Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
3. Achab, S., Meuli, V., Deluze, J., Thorens, G., Rothern, S., Khazaal, Y., Zullino, D., & Billieux, J. (2015). Challenges and trends of identification and treatment of disorders associated with problematic use of Internet. In Public health implications of excessive use of the Internet, computers, smartphones and similar electronic devices. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
4. Achab, S., Nicolier, M., Mauny, F., Monnin, J., Trojak, B., Vandel, P., Sechter, D., Gorwood, P., & Haffen, E. (2011). Massively multiplayer online role-playing games: Comparing characteristics of addict vs. non-addict online recruited gamers in a French adult population. BMC Psychiatry, 11, 144. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-11-144
5. Addiction Suisse. (2015). Monitoring of Internet use and problematic Internet use in Switzerland in 2015. Addiction Suisse 2015 for Federal Office of Public Health. Retrieved from http://www.bag.admin.ch/jugendprogramme/10047/13303
6. Alonso, J., Petukhova, M., Vilagut, G., Chatterji, S., Heeringa, S., Ustun, T. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2011). Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: Results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 1234-1246. doi:10.1038/mp.2010.101
7. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., pp. 795-798). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
8. Billieux, J., Thorens, G., Khazaal, Y., Zullino, D., Achab, S., & Van der Linden, M. (2015). Problematic involvement in online games: A cluster analytic approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 242-250. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.055
9. Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wölfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252-266. doi:10.1016/j. neubiorev.2016.08.033
10. Ceyhan, A. A., & Ceyhan, E. (2008). Loneliness, depression, and computer self-efficacy as predictors of problematic Internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11, 699-701. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0255
11. China Youth Network Association, People's Republic of China. (2009). Report on Internet addiction in teenage. Retrieved from http://mat1.gtimg.com/edu/pdf/wangyingaogao.pdf
12. Chuang, Y. C. (2006). Massively multiplayer online role-playing game-induced seizures: A neglected health problem in Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9, 451-456. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.451
13. Department of Health of Hong Kong. (2016). Healthy use of Internet and electronic screen products. Retrieved from http://www.studenthealth.gov.hk/english/internet/health-effects.html
14. Dieter, J., Hill, H., Sell, M., Reinhard, I., Vollstädt-Klein, S., Kiefer, F., Mann, K., & Leménager, T. (2015). Avatar's neurobiological traces in the self-concept of massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) addicts. Behavioral Neuroscience, 129, 8-17. doi:10.1037/bne0000025
15. Dong, G., Lin, X., & Potenza, M. N. (2015). Decreased functional connectivity in an executive control network is related to impaired executive function in Internet gaming disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 57, 76-85. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.012
16. Dong, G., & Potenza, M. N. (2014). A cognitive-behavioral model of Internet gaming disorder: Theoretical underpinnings and clinical implications. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 58, 7-11. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.005
17. Fauth-Bühler, M., & Mann, K. (2015). Neurobiological correlates of Internet gaming disorder: Similarities to pathological gambling. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 349-356. doi:10.1016/j. addbeh.2015.11.004
18. Gentile, D. (2009). Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: A national study. Psychological Science, 20: 594-602. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x
19. Griffiths, M. D. (2000). Does Internet and computer addiction exist? Some early case evidence. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3, 211-218. doi:10.1089/109493100316067
20. Haagsma, M. C., King, D. L., Pieterse, M. E., & Peters, O. (2013). Assessing problematic video gaming using the theory of planned behavior: A longitudinal study of Dutch young people. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 11, 172-185. doi:10.1007/s11469-012-9407-0
21. Haagsma, M. C., Pieterse, M. E., & Peters, O. (2012). The prevalence of problematic video gamers in the Netherlands. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15, 162-168. doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0248
22. Higuchi, S., Nakayama, H., Mihara, S., & Siste, K. (2016). Application of gaming disorder criteria for treatment seeking patients. Paper presented at the WHO-Hong Kong SAR, China Meeting on Policy and Programme Responses toMental and Behavioural Disorders Associated with Excessive Use of the Internet and Other Communication and Gaming Platforms, September 2016, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China.
23. Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Brunner, R., Koenig, J., Durkee, T., Carli, V., & Wasserman, D. (2016). Pathological Internet use is on the rise among European adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59, 236-239. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.009
24. Kaptsis, D., King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., & Gradisar, M. (2016). Withdrawal symptoms in Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 43, 58-66. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.006
25. Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Lakoma, M. D., Petukhova, M., & Merikangas, K. R. (2012). Lifetime co-morbidity of DSM-IV disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). PsychologicalMedicine, 42, 1997-2010. doi:10.1017/s0033291712000025
26. Kim, N. R., Hwang, S. S., Choi, J. S., Kim, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Kiraly, O., Nagygyorgy, K., Griffiths, M. D., Hyun, S. Y., Youn, H. C., & Choi, S. W. (2016). Characteristics and psychiatric symptoms of Internet gaming disorder among adults using self-reported DSM-5 criteria. Psychiatry Investigation, 13, 58-66. doi:10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.58
27. King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2016). Defining tolerance in Internet gaming disorder: Isn't it time? Addiction, 111, 2064-2065. doi:10.1111/add.13448
28. King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Zwaans, T., & Kaptsis, D. (2013). Clinical features and axis comorbidity of Australian adolescent pathological Internet and video game users. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 1058-1067. doi:10.1177/0004867413491159
29. Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., & Chen, C. C. (2012). The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: A review of the literature. European Psychiatry, 27, 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011
30. Korea SBS News. (2004). Computer death: World's first case. Retrieved February 28, 2017, from http://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news-id=N0311617389
31. Lee, H. (2004). A new case of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism associated with prolonged sitting at computer in Korea. Yonsei Medical Journal, 45, 349-351. doi:10.3349/ymj.2004. 45.2.349
32. Lee, H. K., Kim, H. S., & Lee, T. J. (2011). Cost-effect analysis on the introduction of online game shut down regulation. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Ministry of Gender Equality & Family.
33. Leménager, T., Dieter, J., Hill, H., Koopmann, A., Reinhard, I., Sell, M., Kiefer, F., Vollstädt-Klein, S., & Mann, K. (2014). Neurobiological correlates of physical self-concept and selfidentification with avatars in addicted players of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). Addictive Behaviors, 39, 1789-1797. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.017
34. Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Gentile, D. A. (2015). The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale. Psychological Assessment, 27, 567-582. doi:10.1037/pas0000062
35. Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathological gaming. Computer and Human Behavior, 27, 144-152. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.015
36. Mak, K. K., Lai, C. W., Watanabe, H., Kim, D. I., Bahar, N., Milen Ramos, M., Young, K. S., Ho, R. C. M., Aum, N. R., & Cheng, C. (2014). Epidemiology of Internet behaviors and addiction among adolescents in six Asian countries. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17, 720-728. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0139
37. Mazhari, S. (2012). Association between problematic Internet use and impulse control disorders among Iranian university students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15, 270-273. doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0548
38. McBride, J., & Derevensky, J. (2016). Gambling and video game playing among youth. Journal of Gambling Issues, 34, 156-178. doi:10.4309/jgi.2016.34.9
39. Mihara, S., & Higuchi, S. (in press). Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. doi:10.1111/pcn.12532
40. Mihara, S., Nakayama, H., Osaki, Y., & Higuchi, S. (2016). Report from Japan. Background paper prepared for the WHO Hong-Kong Meeting on Policy and Program Responses to Mental and Behavioral Disorders Associated with Excessive Use of the Internet and Other Communication and Gaming Platforms. Available through Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
41. Ministries of Education and Others, People's Republic of China. (2013). The program of comprehensive prevention and intervention for online games addiction among juveniles. Retrieved from www.ccm.gov.cn/swordcms/publish/default/static/gfxwj/284303648.htm
42. Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and the National Information Society Agency. (2015). The survey on Internet overdependence. Seoul, South Korea: National Information Society Agency.
43. Müller, K. W., Janikian, M., Dreier, M., Wölfling, K., Beutel, M. E., Tzavara, C., & Tsitsika, A. (2015). Regular gaming behavior and Internet gaming disorder in European adolescents: Results from a cross-national representative survey of prevalence, predictors, and psychopathological correlates. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 565-574. doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0611-2
44. Ng, S. M., Khurana, R. M., Yeang, H. W., Hughes, U. M., & Manning, D. J. (2003). Is prolonged use of computer games a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis in children? Case study. Clinical Medicine (London), 3, 593-594. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine. 3-6-593
45. Petry, N. M., Rehbein, F., Gentile, D. A., Lemmens, J. S., Rumpf, H. J., Mößle, T., Bischof, G., Tao, R., Fung, D. S., Borges, G., Auriacombe, M., González Ibánez, A., Tam, P., & O'Brien, C. P. (2014). An international consensus for assessing Internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach. Addiction, 109, 1399-1406. doi:10.1111/add.12457
46. Pontes, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Measuring DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 137-143. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.006
47. Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., & Murayama, K. (2016). Internet gaming disorder: Investigating the clinical relevance of a new phenomenon. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 230-236. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020224
48. Rahimi-Movaghar, A., & Hamzehzadeh, M. (2016). Report from Iran. Background paper prepared for the WHO Hong-Kong Meeting on Policy and Program Responses to Mental and Behavioral Disorders Associated with Excessive Use of the Internet and Other Communication and Gaming Platforms. Available through Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
49. Rehbein, F., & Baier, D. (2013). Family-, media-, and schoolrelated risk factors of video game addiction. Journal of Media Psychology, 25, 118-128. doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000093
50. Rehbein, F., Kliem, S., Baier, D., Mößle, T., & Petry, N. M. (2015). Prevalence of Internet gaming disorder in German adolescents: Diagnostic contribution of the nine DSM-5 criteria in a state-wide representative sample. Addiction, 110, 842-851. doi:10.1111/add.12849
51. Reinherz, H. Z., Giaconia, R.M., Carmola Hauf, A. M.,Wasserman, M. S., & Paradis, A. G. (2000). General and specific childhood risk factors for depression and drug disorders by early adulthood. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 223-231. doi:10.1097/00004583-200002000-00023
52. Rumpf, H. J. (2015). Analyses of survey data on behavioral disorders associated with excessive use of the Internet. Paper presented at the WHO-Republic of Korea Meeting on Behavioural Disorders Associated with Excessive Use of Internet, Computers, Smartphones and Similar Electronic Devices, August 2015, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
53. Rumpf, H. J., Vermulst, A. A., Bischof, A., Kastirke, N., Gürtler, D., Bischof, G., & Meyer, C. (2014). Occurrence of Internet addiction in a general population sample: A latent class analysis. European Addiction Research, 20, 159-166. doi:10.1159/000354321
54. Saunders, J. B., Degenhardt, L., & Farrell, M. (2017). Excessive gambling and gaming: Addictive disorders? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 433-435. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30210-9
55. Sun, P., Johnson, C. A., Palmer, P., Arpawong, T. E., Unger, J. B., Xie, B., Rohrbach, L. A., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Sussman, S. (2012). Concurrent and predictive relationships between compulsive Internet use and substance use: Findings from vocational high school students in China and the USA. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9, 660-673. doi:10.3390/ijerph9030660
56. Swendsen, J., Conway, K. P., Degenhardt, L., Glantz, M., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). Mental disorders as risk factors for substance use, abuse and dependence: Results from the 10-year follow-up of the National Comorbidity Survey. Addiction, 105(6), 1117-1128. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02902.x
57. Thatcher, A., Wretschko, G., & Fisher, J. (2008). Problematic Internet use among information technology workers in South Africa. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11, 785-787. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0223
58. Thorens, G., Achab, S., Billieux, J., Khazaal, Y., Khan, R., Pivin, E., Gupta, V., & Zullino, D. (2014). Characteristics and treatment response of self-identified problematic Internet users in a behavioral outpatient clinic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3, 78-81. doi:10.1556/JBA.3.2014.008
59. Van Rooij, A. J., Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., Shorter, G. W., Schoenmakers, T. M., & Van de Mheen, D. (2014). The co-occurrence of problematic video gaming, substance use, and psychosocial problems in adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(3), 157-165. doi:10.1556/JBA.3.2014.013
60. Van Rooij, A. J., Schoenmakers, T. M., Vermulst, A. A., Van den Eijnden, R. J., & Van de Mheen, D. (2011). Online video game addiction: Identification of addicted adolescent gamers. Addiction, 106, 205-212. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03104.x
61. Wang, C. W., Chan, C. L. W., Mak, K. K., Ho, S. Y., Wong, P. W. C., & Ho, R. T. H. (2014). Prevalence and correlates of video and Internet gaming addiction among Hong Kong adolescents: A pilot study. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 874648, 9 pages. doi:10.1155/2014/874648
62. Wartberg, L., Kriston, L., Kammerl, R., Petersen, K. U., & Thomasius, R. (2015). Prevalence of pathological Internet use in a representative German sample of adolescents: Results of a latent profile analysis. Psychopathology, 48, 25-30. doi:10.1159/000365095
63. World Health Organization. 2015 Public health implications of excessive use of the Internet, computers, smartphones and similar electronic devices. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. ISBN: 978 92 4 150936 7.
64. World Health Organization. 2016 ICD-11 beta draft. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#
65. Wu, X. S., Zhang, Z. H., Zhao, F., Wang, W. J., Li, Y. F., Bi, L., & Gong, F. F. (2016). Prevalence of Internet addiction and its association with social support and other related factors among adolescents in China. Journal of Adolescence, 52, 103-111. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.07.012
66. Yen, J. Y., Ko, C. H., Yen, C. F., Wu, H. Y., & Yang, M. J. (2007). The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia and hostility. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 93-98. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.002
67. Young, K. S. (2010). Internet addiction: A handbook and guide to evaluation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
68. Zadra, S., Bischof, G., Besser, B., Bischof, A., Meyer, C., John, U., & Rumpf, H. J. (2016). The association between Internet addiction and personality disorders in a general populationbased sample. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5, 691-699. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.086
69. Zamani, E., Kheradmand, A., Cheshmi, M., Abedi, A., & Hedayati, N. (2010). Comparing the social skills of students addicted to computer games with normal students. Addiction and Health, 2, 59-65.
70. Zhang, J.-T., Yao, Y.-W., Potenza, M. N., Xia, C.-C., Lan, J., Liu, L., Wang, L.-J., Liu, B., Ma, S.-S., & Fang, X.-Y. (2016a). Altered resting-state neural activity and changes following a craving behavioral intervention for Internet gaming disorder. Scientific Reports, 6, 28109. doi:10.1038/srep28109(PMC4933876)
71. Zhang, J.-T., Yao, Y.-W., Potenza, M. N., Xia, C.-C., Lan, J., Liu, L., Wang, L.-J., Liu, B., Ma, S.-S., & Fang, X.-Y. (2016b). Effects of craving behavioral intervention on neural substrates of cue-induced craving in Internet gaming disorder. Neuro-Image: Clinical, 12, 591-599. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.004