Early glycemic control and magnitude of HbA1c reduction predict cardiovascular events and mortality: Population-based cohort study of 24,752 metformin initiators

Diabetes Care

Volumn 40, Issue 6, 2017, Pages 800-807

  Svensson, Elisabeth ^a   Baggesen, Lisbeth M ^a   Johnsen, Søren P ^a   Pedersen, Lars ^a   Nørrelund, Helene ^a   Buhl, Esben S ^b   Haase, Christiane L ^b   Thomsen, Reimar W ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b NOVO NORDISK A S   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEMOGLOBIN A1C; METFORMIN; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENMARK; DIABETIC COMPLICATION; DIABETIC MACROANGIOPATHY; DIABETIC MICROANGIOPATHY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SOCIAL STATUS; VASCULAR DISEASE; AGED; COMPLICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; BLOOD GLUCOSE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COHORT STUDIES; DENMARK; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN A; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; MALE; METFORMIN; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 85019740986     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: 19355548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/dc16-2271     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(Suppl. 1):S15-S35
2. International Diabetes Federation Guideline Development Group. Global guideline for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014;104:1-52
3. Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centred approach. Update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetologia 2015;58:429-442
4. American Diabetes Association. Summary of revisions. In Standards of Medical Care in Diabetesd2016. Diabetes Care 2016; 39(Suppl. 1):S4-S5
5. Hemmingsen B, Lund SS, Gluud C, et al. Targeting intensive glycaemic control versus targeting conventional glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;11:CD008143
6. Garber AJ, Newcomer JW, Hennekens CH. Lower A1c targets in type 2 diabetes and increased mortality: causal or casual? Am J Med 2013;126:1033-1034
7. Fox CS, Golden SH, Anderson C, et al.; American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research, American Diabetes Association. Update on prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in light of recent evidence: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1777-1803
8. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1577-1589
9. Hayward RA, Reaven PD, Wiitala WL, et al.; VADT Investigators. Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2197-2206
10. CefaluWT, Rosenstock J, LeRoith D, Blonde L, RiddleMC.Getting to the "heart" of thematter on diabetic cardiovascular disease: "thanks for the memory." Diabetes Care 2016;39:664-667
11. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000;321:405-412
12. Eeg-Olofsson K, Cederholm J, Nilsson PM, et al. New aspects of HbA1c as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes: an observational study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). J Intern Med 2010; 268:471-482
13. Skriver MV, Støvring H, Kristensen JK, Charles M, Sandbæk A. Short-term impact of HbA1c on morbidity and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a Danish population-based observational study. Diabetologia 2012;55:2361-2370
14. Nichols GA, Joshua-Gotlib S, Parasuraman S. Glycemic control and risk of cardiovascular disease hospitalization and all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:121-127
15. Östgren CJ, Sundström J, Svennblad B, Lohm L, Nilsson PM, Johansson G. Associations of HbA1c and educational level with risk of cardiovascular events in 32,871 drug-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study in primary care. Diabet Med 2013;30:e170-e177
16. Chiang HH, Tseng FY, Wang CY, et al. Allcause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes in association with achieved hemoglobin A(1c), systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PLoS One 2014;9: e109501
17. Kranenburg G, van der Graaf Y, van der Leeuw J, et al.; SMART Study Group. The relation between HbA1c and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without vascular disease. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1930-1936
18. Olsson M, Schnecke V, Cabrera C, Skrtic S, Lind M. Contemporary risk estimates of three HbA1c variables for myocardial infarction in 101,799 patients following diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1481-1486
19. Schmidt M, Pedersen L, Sørensen HT. The Danish Civil Registration System as a tool in epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol 2014;29:541-549
20. Thomsen RW, Friborg S, Nielsen JS, Schroll H, Johnsen SP. The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2): organization of diabetes care in Denmark and supplementary data sources for data collection among DD2 study participants. Clin Epidemiol 2012;4(Suppl. 1): 15-19
21. Ehrenstein V, Antonsen S, Pedersen L. Existing data sources for clinical epidemiology: Aarhus University Prescription Database. Clin Epidemiol 2010;2:273-279
22. Thomsen RW, Baggesen LM, Svensson E, et al. Early glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes and initial glucose-lowering treatment: a 13-year population-based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015;17:771-780
23. Thomsen RW, Baggesen LM, Søgaard M, et al. Early glycaemic control in metformin users receiving their first add-on therapy: a population-based study of 4,734 people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015;58:2247-2253
24. Grann AF, Erichsen R, Nielsen AG, Frøslev T, Thomsen RW. Existing data sources for clinical epidemiology: the clinical laboratory information system (LABKA) research database at Aarhus University, Denmark. Clin Epidemiol 2011;3: 133-138
25. Schmidt M, Schmidt SA, Sandegaard JL, Ehrenstein V, Pedersen L, Sørensen HT. The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential. Clin Epidemiol 2015;7:449-490
26. Madsen M, Davidsen M, Rasmussen S, Abildstrom SZ, Osler M. The validity of the diagnosis of acutemyocardial infarction in routine statistics: a comparison of mortality and hospital discharge data with the Danish MONICA registry. J Clin Epidemiol 2003;56:124-130
27. Wildenschild C, Mehnert F, Thomsen RW, et al. Registration of acute stroke: validity in the Danish Stroke Registry and the Danish National Registry of Patients. Clin Epidemiol 2013;6:27-36
28. Danish Society of Cardiology. Dyslipidemia. Available fromhttp://nbv.cardio.dk/dyslipidaemi. Accessed 4 October 2016.
29. Lash TL, Fox MP, Fink AK. Sensitivity analyses for unmeasured confounding. In Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiological Data. Lash TL, Fow MP, Fink AK, Eds. Oxford, Springer-Verlag, 2009
30. Rasmussen JN, Rasmussen S, Gislason GH, et al. Mortality after acute myocardial infarction according to income and education. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:351-356
31. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998;352:854-865
32. Mor A, Berencsi K, Svensson E, et al. Prescribing practices and clinical predictors of glucose-lowering therapy within the first year in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2015;32:1546-1554
33. Svensson E, Baggesen LM, Thomsen RW, et al. Patient-level predictors of achieving early glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Diabet Med 2016;33: 1516-1523
34. Carstensen B, Kristensen JK, Marcussen MM, Borch-Johnsen K. The National Diabetes Register. Scand J Public Health 2011;39(Suppl.): 58-61
35. Erqou S, Lee CT, Suffoletto M, et al. Association between glycated haemoglobin and the risk of congestive heart failure in diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail 2013;15:185-193