Liability and Just Cause

Ethics and International Affairs

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 199-218

  Hurka, Thomas ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85019404963     PISSN: 08926794     EISSN: 17477093     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00070.x     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Jeff McMahan, “Just Cause for War”, Ethics & International Affairs 19, no. 3 (Fall 2005), pp. 1–21; available at www.cceia.org/resources/ournal/19_3/articles/5270.html.
2. Closely related to these is the reasonable hope of success condition, but as McMahan notes, it can be subsumed under the proportionality condition. On this, see also Thomas Hurka, “Proportionality in the Morality of War,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 33 (2005), p. 37.
3. Jeff McMahan and Robert McKim,“The just War and the Gulf War,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 23 (1993), pp. 502–506.
4. G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1903), pp. 27–36.
5. see also Shelly Kagan, “The Additive Fallacy,” Ethics 99 (October 1988), pp. 5–31
6. Given this condition, the lesser humanitarian wrongs that provide conditional just causes will be situated between two thresholds. They will be below the threshold for being an independent just cause but above the threshold that determines when a humanitarian wrong can be another state's legitimate business. See, e.g., A. C. Ewing, The Morality of Punishment (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.,1929).
7. Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, 2nd ed. (New York: Basic Books, 1992), pp. 34–37
8. see also Paul Christopher, The Ethics of War and Peace, 2nd ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1998), p. 25.
9. Jeff McMahan, “The Ethics of Killing in War,” Ethics 114 (2004), pp. 723–725.
10. See, e.g., Thomas Nagel, “War and Massacre,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 1 (Winter 1972), pp. 139–140
11. Anthony Kenny, The Logic of Deterrence (London: Firethorn Press, 1985), p. 10
12. Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, pp. 43, 145, n. 145.
13. Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, p. 145.
14. Christopher, The Ethics of War and Peace, p. 126, n. 23.
15. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974), p. 331
16. Joel Feinberg, “Voluntary Euthanasia and the Inalienable Right to Life,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 7 (Winter 1978), pp. 122–123.
17. Feinberg, “Voluntary Euthanasia and the Inalienable Right to Life,” pp. 114–18; Feinberg emphasizes this distinction before expressing his skepticism about whether any rights are inalienable.
18. Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, p. 145.
19. Asa Kasher and Amos Yadlin, “The Military Ethics of Fighting Terror: An Israeli Perspective,” Journal of Military Ethics 4 (2005), p. 17. This is not the only reason they give. They also argue that a state's soldiers deserve priority just as citizens of the state, and that the responsibility for any civilians' deaths during antiterrorist operations belongs primarily to the terrorists who brought the combat into the civilians' vicinity (pp. 17–18). But they do not explain how large a role these different reasons play in justifying their final ordering.
20. Jeff McMahan, “The Ethics of Killing in War: The Uehiro Lectures 2006,” Lecture 1, “Unjust Warfare,”p. 6 (forthcoming).
21. 1977 Geneva Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August, 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, Art. 51 (5) (b), in Adam Roberts and Richard Guelff, eds., Documents on the Laws of War, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 449.