Global LNG trade: A comprehensive up to date analysis oa

Maritime Economics and Logistics

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 160-181

  Nikhalat Jahromi, Hamed ^a   Angeloudis, Panagiotis ^b   Bell, Michael G H ^c   Cochrane, Robert A ^b  

^a Linscan Oil and Gas Services   (United Arab Emirates)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

LNG; long term contracts; market liberalization; pricing; spot sales

Indexed keywords

EID: 85018172994     PISSN: 14792931     EISSN: 1479294X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1057/mel.2015.26     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Abdulkarim, R. (2008) What will allow gas production projects to be financed in the same way as oil projects? Centre for Energy, Petroleum & Mineral Law & Policy, University of Dundee, http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/gateway/?news=29854, accessed 30 August 2014.
2. ABS. (2014) Bunkering of liquefied natural gas-fuelled marine vessels in North America, http://www.eagle.org/eagleExternalPortalWEB/ShowProperty/BEA%20Repository/References/Capability%20Brochures/BunkeringReport, accessed 30 August 2014.
3. Almeida, I. (2014) BofA sees global LNG entering multiyear bear market on supplies, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-12-09/bofa-sees-global-lng-entering-multiyear-bear-market-on-supplies.html, accessed 20 January 2015.
4. Anderlini, J. (2014) China's growth in danger of slowing more sharply, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ccb72910-60f1-11e4-894b-00144feabdc0.html, accessed 20 January 2015.
5. BP. (2014) BP statistical review of world energy-June 2014, http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy-economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
6. Bradley, M.K. and Droney, C.K. (2012) Subsonic ultra green aircraft research phase II: N+4 advanced concept developments. NASA (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration), Nasa/CR-2012-217556, http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120009038.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
7. Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER). (2013) CEER status review and evaluation of access regimes at LNG terminals in the EU, http://www.energy-regulators.eu/portal/page/portal/EER-HOME/EER-PUBLICATIONS/CEER-PAPERS/Gas/Tab3/C12-%20LNG-15-03-Acces%20at%20LNG%20Terminals-13032013-final-published.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
8. Davey, H. (1997) 'Take or pay' and 'send or pay': A legal review and long-term prognosis. Oil and Gas Law Taxation Review 15(11): 419-422.
9. Dickel, R. et al (2007) Putting a price on energy: International pricing mechanisms for oil and gas. Brussels, Belgium, Energy Charter Secretariat, http://www.encharter.org/fileadmin/user-upload/document/Oil-and-Gas-Pricing-2007-ENG.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
10. Dickel, R. et al (2008) Fostering LNG trade: Role of the energy charter. Brussels, Belgium, Energy Charter Secretariat, http://www.encharter.org/fileadmin/user-upload/Publications/LNG-2008-ENG.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
11. Drewry. (2010) LNG Shipping Market 2010: Annual Review and Forecast. London: Drewry Shipping Consultants.
12. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2011) International energy outlook 2011. Washington DC, EIA, http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/pdf/0484(2011).pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
13. Encke, F. (2012) Bringing gas to the markets. Brussels, Belgium, Energy Charter Secretariat, http://www.encharter.org/index.php?id=584, accessed 30 August 2014.
14. Enobun, E. (2008) How much of a threat is open market liberalization to traditional LNG? And How Concerned should a project lender be? Centre for Energy, Petroleum & Mineral Law & Policy, University of Dundee, http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/gateway/index.php?news=28084, accessed 30 August 2014.
15. Frey, E., Eisentrout, B. and Snyder, J. (2009) Efficient operation in peak times. LNG Industry, http://www.cbi.com/images/uploads/technical-articles/Efficient-Operations-at-Peak-Times--LNG-Industry--Winter-2009.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
16. Gazprom Germania. (2014) The Gazprom group and rostock port sign memorandum of understanding, https://www.gazprom-germania.de/en/media/media-centre/press-release/the-gazprom-group-and-rostock-port-sign-memorandum-of-understanding.html, accessed 30 August 2014.
17. Groupe International des Importateurs de Gaz Natural (GIIGNL). (2013) The LNG industry in 2012, http://www.giignl.org/sites/default/files/PUBLIC-AREA/Publications/giignl-the-lng-industry-2012.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
18. Greenwald, G.B. (2006) Natural gas contracts under stress: Price, quantity and take or pay. Oil, Gas & Energy Law 4(1), n/a.
19. Hartley, P.R. (2013) The future of long-term LNG contracts. University of Western Australia Business School, discussion paper no. 13.22, http://www.business.uwa.edu.au/-data/assets/pdf-file/0009/2356524/13-22-The-Future-of-Long-term-LNG-Contracts.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
20. Homeriki, L. (2014) Russia to build second gas pipeline to China after Beijing agreement, http://rbth.co.uk/business/2014/11/13/russia-to-build-second-gas-pipeline-to-china-after-beijing-agreement-41393.html, accessed 20 January 2015.
21. IEA. (2012) Gas pricing and regulation: China's challenges and IEA experience. Paris, France, IEA, http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/ChinaGasReport-Final-WEB.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
22. International Gas Union (IGU). (2012) World LNG report-2012 edition, http://www.igu.org/gas-knowhow/publications/igu-publications/LNG%20Report%202011-web-7.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
23. International Gas Union (IGU). (2013) World LNG report-2013 edition, http://hcbcdn.hidrocarburosbol.netdna-cdn.com/downloads/online-version-world-lng-report-2013-edition-original.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
24. Jensen, J.T. (2004) The development of a global LNG market: Is it likely? If so, when? Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, NG 5, http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/NG5-TheDevelopmentofAGlobalLNGMarketIsItLikelyIfSoWhen-JamesJensen-2004.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
25. Jensen, J. and Dickel, R. (2009) Fostering LNG trade developments in LNG trade and pricing. Brussels, Belgium, Energy Charter Secretariat, http://www.encharter.org/fileadmin/user-upload/document/LNG-2009-ENG.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
26. Kumar, S., Kwon, H.-T., Choi, K.-H., Hyun Cho, J., Lim, W. and Moon, I. (2011) Current status and future projections of LNG demand and supplies: A global prospective. Energy Policy 39(7): 4097-4104.
27. Market Watch. (2014) 4th China natural gas vehicle & gas fuelling station construction development summit to be held in June, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/4th-china-natural-gas-vehicle-gas-fueling-station-construction-development-summit-to-be-held-in-june-2014-05-06, accessed 30 August 2014.
28. Maxwell, R. (2007) Unbundled vs. Integrated LNG chain: What is the significance of project financing the unbundled chain instead of the integrated LNG chain? Centre for Energy, Petroleum & Mineral Law & Policy, University of Dundee, http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/gateway/index.php?news=29280, accessed 30 August 2014.
29. Michot Foss, M. (2007) Introduction to LNG-An Overview on liquefied natural gas (LNG), its properties, organization of the LNG industry and safety considerations. Centre for Energy Economics, University of Texas, http://www.beg.utexas.edu/energyecon/lng/documents/CEE-INTRODUCTION-TO-LNG-FINAL.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
30. Mukherjee, K. and Panandiker, R. (2014) LNG-Global challenges & opportunities and imperatives for India in Petrotech 2014-11th International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. 12-15 January, Delhi, India, http://www.bcgindia.com/documents/file152473.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
31. Oil Price. (2014) Will low oil prices shatter LNG hopes? http://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/Will-Low-Oil-Prices-Shatter-LNG-Hopes.html, accessed 20 January 2015.
32. Pirrong, C. (2014) Fifty years of global LNG: Racing to an inflection point. Trafigura Beheer BV, TD/0088.1e, http://www.trafigura.com/media/1350/fifty-years-global-lng-craig-pirrong-research-trafigura-2.pdf, accessed 20 January 2015.
33. Port of Antwerp. (2014) Port of Antwerp plans to setup LNG bunkering station for barges, http://www.portofantwerp.com/en/news/port-antwerp-plans-set-lng-bunkering-station-barges, accessed 30 August 2014.
34. Roberts, P. (2011) Gas Sales and Gas Transportation Agreements: Principles and Practice, 3rd edn. London: Sweet & Maxwell.
35. Rogers, H.V. and Stern, J. (2014) Challenges to JCC pricing in Asian LNG markets. Oxford Energy Institute, NG 81, http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/NG-81.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
36. Sato, N. (2000) Financing international LNG projects. in 16th World Petroleum Congress. 11-15 June, Calgary, Canada, http://www.onepetro.org/mslib/servlet/onepetropreview?id=WPC-30451, accessed 30 August 2014.
37. Smith, K. (2013) LNG: Fuel of the future? http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/locomotives/lng-fuel-of-the-future.html, accessed 30 August 2014.
38. Total. (2011) Liquefied natural gas: A booming industry. http://www.total.com/MEDiAS/MEDiAS-INFOS/5076/EN/TOTAL-liquefied-natural-gas.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
39. UBS. (2004) Introduction to the oil industry. http://ypenergy.net/attachments/files/ubs.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
40. Weems, P.R. and Hwang, M. (2013) Overview of issues common to structuring, negotiating and documenting LNG projects. Journal of World LNG Law and Business 6(4): 267-299.
41. Weems, P. and Sulivan, H. (2005) LNG overview. Short course on international energy law, contracts and negotiations 2005, http://www.kslaw.com/library/pdf/2005shortcourse.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.
42. Zhuravleva, P. (2009) The nature of LNG arbitrage: An analysis of the main barriers to the growth of the global LNG arbitrage market. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, NG 31, http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/NG31-TheNatureofLNGArbitrageAndAnAnalysisoftheMainBarriersfortheGrowthofGlobalLNGArbitrageMarket-PolinaZhuravleva-2009.pdf, accessed 30 August 2014.