The health and demographic crisis in post-Soviet Russia: A two-phase development

Russia's Torn Safety Nets: Health and Social Welfare During the Transition

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 12-42

  Field, Mark G ^a,b,c  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85018049679     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-62712-7     Document Type: Chapter

References (84)

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6. UNICEF, Public Policy and Social Conditions: Central and Eastern Europe in Transition, Regional Monitoring Report, no. 1 (November 1993), 89 pp.
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11. Naselenie Rossii 1996, 87.
12. Mark G. Field, "The Health Crisis in the Former Soviet Union: A Report from the 'Post-War' Zone," Social Science and Medicine 41, no. 11 (1995): 1469-1478.
13. Naselenie Rossii 1996, 6.
14. Kommersant, 3 December 1998.
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18. Vladimir Yesipov, "St. Petersburg Will Die a Natural Death," Kommersant- Daily, 25 August 1998, 4, translated in Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press (CDPSP) 50, no. 34 (1998): 20.
19. See, for example, Mark G. Field, David M. Kotz, and Gene Bukhman, "Neoliberal Economic Policy, 'State Desertion,' and the Russian Health Crisis," in Jim Y. Kim, Joyce V. Millen, Alec Irwin, and John Gershman, eds., Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor (Cambridge, MA: Courage Press, 2000), 155-173.
20. Cited by Michael Specter, The New York Times, 8 June 1997.
21. Commenting on the seeming disinterest of the government in health matters, Anatolii Vishnevskii asks rhetorically, "Has not the time arrived to change priorities?" See "Russkii krest," Novie izvestiia, 24 February 1998.
22. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, "The Relentless Cult of Novelty and How It Wrecked the Century," The New York Times Book Review, 7 February 1993, 3.
23. See, for instance, Jose Luis Bobadilla, Christine A. Costello, and Faith Mitchell, eds., Premature Death in the New Independent States (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997).
24. Vishnevskii, "Russkii krest.".
25. Roland Pressat, "Une evolution anachronique: Ia hausse de Ia mortalite en Union sovietique," Le Concours Medical105, no. 21 (21 May 1983): 2431-2434.
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29. Noel E. Firth and James H. Noreen, Soviet Defense Spending: A History of CIA Estimates, 1950-1990 (College Station: Texas AandM University Press, 1998), Figure 5.2, p. 102.
30. Sergei Khrushchev, "The Cold War through the Looking Glass," American Heritage, October 1999, 35-50.
31. See, for example, Bill Keller, "Eclipsed: Thirty Years Ago, the Soviets Lost the Race to the Moon, They Might Have Won-If Only They Had Acted Like Good Communists," The New York Times Magazine, 27 June 1999, 30-37, 52, 55, 61, 63.
32. Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs (London: Bantam Books, 1995), 277.
33. Cited in Judyth L. Twigg, "Russia's Space Program: Continued Turmoil," Space Policy 15 (1999): 69-77.
34. Victor W. Side!, "Buying Death With Taxes: Impact of Arms Race on Health Care," in The Final Epidemic, eds. R. Adams and S. Cullen (Chicago: University of Chicago press, 1981), 40, 43-44.
35. Dwight D. Eisenhower, "The Chances for Peace" address delivered before the American Society of Newspaper Editors, April 16, 1953, in Public Papers of the Presidents, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Washington, D.C., 1953, 179-188.
36. Otto Latsis, "Conversations Overheard in Voronezh," Izvestiia, 14 May 1996, 5. Latsis refers to the introduction of ration cards in many areas of the Soviet Union at that time, another measure reminiscent of a wartime situation.
37. Laurie Garrett, "Crumbled Empire, Shattered Health," Newsday, 26 October 1997, A42.
38. Christopher Davis and Murray Feshbach, Rising Infant Mortality in the USSR in the 1970s (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, June 1980).
39. Mark G. Field, "Soviet Infant Mortality: A Mystery Story," in Advances in International Maternal and Child Health, eds. D. B. Jelliffe and E. F. P. Jelliffe (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), 25-65.
40. "Health in Russia Is Broke, But Who Is Going To Fix It?" The Lancet 353, no. 9150 (30 January 1999): 337.
41. Michael Wines, "Lean Times at the Russian Dinner Table," The New York Times, 6 December 1998, section 4.
42. Peter Walberg, Martin McKee, Vladimir Shkolnikov, Laurent Chenet, and David Leon, "Economic Change, Crime, and Mortality Crisis in Russia: Regional Analysis," British Medical Journal 317 (1 August 1998): 312-318.
43. Vishnevskii, "Russkii krest.".
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46. Nicholas Eberstadt, "The Demographic Disaster.".
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48. David Filipov, "Cure-All Gives Russian Mafia A Lease on Life," The Boston Globe, 28 June 1999, A2.
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52. Vishnevskii, "Russkii krest.".
53. Vladimir Shkolnikov, Andrea G. Cornia, David A. Leon, France Mesh:, "Causes of the Russian Mortality Crisis: Evidence and Interpretations," 1998, unpublished draft.
54. For a more detailed discussion, see Vladimir Shkolnikov, Mark G. Field, and Evgenii M. Andreev, "Gender Gap in Russian Mortality in Time and Socio-Demographic Dimensions," in Challenging Inequities in Health: From Global to Local, eds. Margaret Whitehead, Finn Diderichsen, Timothy Evans, and Abbas Bhuiya (Oxford University Press, in press).
55. Jane E. Brody, "Sex and the Survival of the Fittest: Calamities Are a Disaster for Men," The New York Times, 24 April1996, CS.
56. Harvard Men's Health Watch 3, no. 7 (February 1999): 4-5.
57. Mesle and Shkolnikov, "La Mortalite en Russie.".
58. "Russia May Become a Country of Widows," Segodnia, 19 July 1995, 12.
59. For a general examination of the relationship between demographics and the family, see Valerii V. Elizarov, "The Demographic Situation and Problems of Family Policy," Sociological Research 38, no. 1 (January-February 1999): 79-90.
60. Vera Sandomirski Dunham, "The Strong Woman Motif," in The Transformation of Russian Society: Aspects of Change Since 1861, ed. Cyril E. Black (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), 459-483.
61. Alexander Avdeev and Alain Monnier, Mouvement de Ia population de Ia Russie 1959-1994: Tableaux Demographiques (Paris: Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 1996), no. 1, graphique 17, 32.
62. Peter Makara, "Policy Implications of Differential Health Status in East and West Europe: The Case of Hungary" (paper prepared for the Xlllth International Conference on the Social Sciences and Medicine, 1994). A slightly different version of this paper has been published as "Dilemmas of Health Promotion and Political Changes in Eastern Europe," Health Promotion International6, no. 1 (1991): 41-47.
63. Peggy Watson, "Explaining Rising Mortality Among Men in Eastern Europe," Social Science and Medicine 47, no. 7 (1995): 923-934.
64. Aron Antonovsky, Health, Stress, and Coping: New Perspectives on Mental and Physical Well-Being (San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1979).
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66. France Meslt and Veronique Hertrich, "Sex Mortality Differences in the Baltic Countries" (paper presented at the International Conference of Vilnius, 8-9 October 1998, on Regularities and Inconsistencies of Demographic Development: Preconditions for the Replacement of Generations, Paris, INED, 1998).
67. See, for example, the contribution to this volume by Victoria A. Velkoff and Kevin Kinsella.
68. Specter, "Climb in Russia's Death Rate.".
69. Gennadi I. Gerasimov, "A Death Wish Is Haunting Russia," The New York Times, 17 December 1994, 23.
70. Garrett, "Crumbled Empire.".
71. Michael Specter, "Deep in the Russian Soul, A Lethal Darkness," The New York Times, 8 June 1997, 1.
72. Specter, "Deep in the Russian Soul.".
73. V. M. Shkolnikov and L. P. Malkov, Prodolzhitelnost' zhizni v Rossii (Moscow: Tsentr demografii i ekologii cheloveka), in progress.
74. Shkolnikov and Malkov, Prodolzhitelnost' zhizni.
75. N. Rimashevskaia, "The Individual Health Potential in Russia," The Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of the Population, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow and Amsterdam: September-October 1992), unpublished.
76. M. Franchetti, "Thousands of Russians Die in TB Gulag," Sunday Times, 28 September 1997.
77. Garrett, "Crumbled Empire.".
78. M. E. Kimmerling, "Inadequacy of the Current WHORe-Treatment Regimen in Russia: MDRTB [multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis] in a Central Siberian Prison," International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (1999), in press.
79. Laurie Garrett of Newsday, cited in Murray Feshbach, "Dead Souls," The Atlantic Monthly, January 1999, 26-28.
80. Hermann Feldmeier, "Die Riickkehr des Fleckfieber in Russland: Wiederaufleben alter Seuchen in Osteuropa," Neue Zurcher Zeitung, Internationale Ausgabe, 8 March 1999, 5.
81. Feshbach, "Dead Souls.".
82. "Russians Have the Weakest Hearts," Segodnia, 11 September 1997, 2, in CDPSP XLIX, no. 37 (1997): 17.
83. Bohlen, "Russian Women.".
84. A recent and very useful exception is William C. Cockerham, Health and Social Change in Russia and Eastern Europe (New York: Routledge, 1999).