메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 467-479

Granuloma annulare: Pathogenesis, disease associations and triggers, and therapeutic options

Author keywords

annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma; granuloma annulare; granulomatous dermatitis

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; GENETICS; GRANULOMA ANNULARE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; COMPLICATION; PATHOLOGY;

EID: 85015676111     PISSN: 01909622     EISSN: 10976787     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.055     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (114)

References (221)
  • 1
    • 0017345985 scopus 로고
    • Vasculitis in granuloma annulare: histopathology and direct immunofluorescence
    • Dahl, M.V., Ullman, S., Goltz, R.W., Vasculitis in granuloma annulare: histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. Arch Dermatol 113 (1977), 463–467.
    • (1977) Arch Dermatol , vol.113 , pp. 463-467
    • Dahl, M.V.1    Ullman, S.2    Goltz, R.W.3
  • 2
    • 23844498723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manifestations of cutaneous diabetic microangiopathy
    • Ngo, B.T., Hayes, K.D., DiMiao, D.J., et al. Manifestations of cutaneous diabetic microangiopathy. Am J Clin Dermatol 6 (2005), 225–237.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Dermatol , vol.6 , pp. 225-237
    • Ngo, B.T.1    Hayes, K.D.2    DiMiao, D.J.3
  • 3
    • 0022762511 scopus 로고
    • Comparative ultrastructural study of generalized and localized granuloma annulare
    • Friedman-Birnbaum, R., Ludatscher, R.M., Comparative ultrastructural study of generalized and localized granuloma annulare. Am J Dermatopathol 8 (1986), 302–308.
    • (1986) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.8 , pp. 302-308
    • Friedman-Birnbaum, R.1    Ludatscher, R.M.2
  • 4
    • 0017106745 scopus 로고
    • Lymphokines (MIF) in the serum of patients with sarcoidosis and cutaneous granuloma annulare
    • Umbert, P., Belcher, R.W., Winkelmann, R.K., Lymphokines (MIF) in the serum of patients with sarcoidosis and cutaneous granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol 95 (1976), 481–485.
    • (1976) Br J Dermatol , vol.95 , pp. 481-485
    • Umbert, P.1    Belcher, R.W.2    Winkelmann, R.K.3
  • 5
    • 0017761072 scopus 로고
    • Histologic, ultrastructural and histochemical studies of granuloma annulare
    • Umbert, P., Winkelmann, R.K., Histologic, ultrastructural and histochemical studies of granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol 113 (1977), 1681–1686.
    • (1977) Arch Dermatol , vol.113 , pp. 1681-1686
    • Umbert, P.1    Winkelmann, R.K.2
  • 6
    • 0027724822 scopus 로고
    • Localized granuloma annulare. Histopathological and direct immunofluorescence study of early lesions, and the adjacent normal-looking skin of actively spreading lesions
    • Bergman, R., Pam, Z., Lichtig, C., Reiter, I., Friedman-Birnbaum, R., Localized granuloma annulare. Histopathological and direct immunofluorescence study of early lesions, and the adjacent normal-looking skin of actively spreading lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 15 (1993), 544–548.
    • (1993) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.15 , pp. 544-548
    • Bergman, R.1    Pam, Z.2    Lichtig, C.3    Reiter, I.4    Friedman-Birnbaum, R.5
  • 7
    • 0020697093 scopus 로고
    • Identification of T-cell subpopulations in granuloma annulare
    • Buechner, S.A., Winkelmann, R.K., Banks, P.M., Identification of T-cell subpopulations in granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol 119 (1983), 125–128.
    • (1983) Arch Dermatol , vol.119 , pp. 125-128
    • Buechner, S.A.1    Winkelmann, R.K.2    Banks, P.M.3
  • 8
    • 0033623408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of IFNgamma, coexpression of TNFalpha and matrix metalloproteinases and apoptosis of T lymphocytes and macrophages in granuloma annulare
    • Fayyazi, A., Schweyer, S., Eichmeyer, B., et al. Expression of IFNgamma, coexpression of TNFalpha and matrix metalloproteinases and apoptosis of T lymphocytes and macrophages in granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol Res 292 (2000), 384–390.
    • (2000) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.292 , pp. 384-390
    • Fayyazi, A.1    Schweyer, S.2    Eichmeyer, B.3
  • 10
    • 0036277713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell receptor repertoire and cytokine pattern in granuloma annulare: defining a particular type of cutaneous granulomatous inflammation
    • Mempel, M., Musette, P., Flageul, B., et al. T-cell receptor repertoire and cytokine pattern in granuloma annulare: defining a particular type of cutaneous granulomatous inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 118 (2002), 957–966.
    • (2002) J Invest Dermatol , vol.118 , pp. 957-966
    • Mempel, M.1    Musette, P.2    Flageul, B.3
  • 11
    • 0018645336 scopus 로고
    • Defective neutrophil migration in granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, and sarcoidosis
    • Gange, R.W., Black, M.M., Carrington, P., Defective neutrophil migration in granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, and sarcoidosis. Arch Dermatol 115 (1979), 32–35.
    • (1979) Arch Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 32-35
    • Gange, R.W.1    Black, M.M.2    Carrington, P.3
  • 12
    • 0031891184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eosinophils are not a clue to the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare
    • Romero, L.S., Kantor, G.R., Eosinophils are not a clue to the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare. Am J Dermatopathol 20 (1998), 29–34.
    • (1998) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.20 , pp. 29-34
    • Romero, L.S.1    Kantor, G.R.2
  • 13
    • 0036798274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundance of interstitial heparan sulfate in granuloma annulare but not in other mucinous skin diseases
    • Bandel, C., DePrisco, G., Cockerell, C.J., Ehrig, T., Abundance of interstitial heparan sulfate in granuloma annulare but not in other mucinous skin diseases. J Cutan Pathol 29 (2002), 524–528.
    • (2002) J Cutan Pathol , vol.29 , pp. 524-528
    • Bandel, C.1    DePrisco, G.2    Cockerell, C.J.3    Ehrig, T.4
  • 14
    • 0021799749 scopus 로고
    • Serum lysozyme in patients with localized and generalized granuloma annulare
    • Padilla, R.S., Holguin, T., Burgdorf, W.H., Dahl, M.V., Serum lysozyme in patients with localized and generalized granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol 121 (1985), 624–625.
    • (1985) Arch Dermatol , vol.121 , pp. 624-625
    • Padilla, R.S.1    Holguin, T.2    Burgdorf, W.H.3    Dahl, M.V.4
  • 15
    • 0027538098 scopus 로고
    • Expression of interstitial collagenase, 92-kDa gelatinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
    • Saarialho-Kere, U.K., Chang, E.S., Welgus, H.G., Parks, W.C., Expression of interstitial collagenase, 92-kDa gelatinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. J Invest Dermatol 100 (1993), 335–342.
    • (1993) J Invest Dermatol , vol.100 , pp. 335-342
    • Saarialho-Kere, U.K.1    Chang, E.S.2    Welgus, H.G.3    Parks, W.C.4
  • 16
    • 0032968523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: an elastic tissue disease? Case report and literature review
    • Hanna, W.M., Moreno-Merlo, F., Andrighetti, L., Granuloma annulare: an elastic tissue disease? Case report and literature review. Ultrastruct Pathol 23 (1999), 33–38.
    • (1999) Ultrastruct Pathol , vol.23 , pp. 33-38
    • Hanna, W.M.1    Moreno-Merlo, F.2    Andrighetti, L.3
  • 17
    • 0033399250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: an elastic tissue disease? Case report and literature review
    • Regan, W., Granuloma annulare: an elastic tissue disease? Case report and literature review. Ultrastructural Pathol, 23, 1999, 407.
    • (1999) Ultrastructural Pathol , vol.23 , pp. 407
    • Regan, W.1
  • 18
    • 0032952556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced expression of human metalloelastase (MMP-12) in cutaneous granulomas and macrophage migration
    • Vaalamo, M., Kariniemi, A.L., Shapiro, S.D., Saarialho-Kere, U., Enhanced expression of human metalloelastase (MMP-12) in cutaneous granulomas and macrophage migration. J Invest Dermatol 112 (1999), 499–505.
    • (1999) J Invest Dermatol , vol.112 , pp. 499-505
    • Vaalamo, M.1    Kariniemi, A.L.2    Shapiro, S.D.3    Saarialho-Kere, U.4
  • 19
    • 84899521600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of granuloma annulare to mid-dermal elastolysis: report of a case and review of the literature
    • Lai, J.H., Murray, S.J., Walsh, N.M., Evolution of granuloma annulare to mid-dermal elastolysis: report of a case and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 41 (2014), 462–468.
    • (2014) J Cutan Pathol , vol.41 , pp. 462-468
    • Lai, J.H.1    Murray, S.J.2    Walsh, N.M.3
  • 20
    • 84872284722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does infection play a role in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare?
    • Avitan-Hersh, E., Sprecher, H., Ramon, M., Bergman, R., Does infection play a role in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare?. J Am Acad Dermatol 68 (2013), 342–343.
    • (2013) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.68 , pp. 342-343
    • Avitan-Hersh, E.1    Sprecher, H.2    Ramon, M.3    Bergman, R.4
  • 21
    • 0036620696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The granuloma annulare phenotype and tuberculosis
    • Winkelmann, R.K., The granuloma annulare phenotype and tuberculosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 46 (2002), 948–952.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.46 , pp. 948-952
    • Winkelmann, R.K.1
  • 22
    • 0013963782 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare. Prednisone glycosuria tests in a non-diabetic group
    • Rhodes, E.L., Hill, D.M., Ames, A.C., Tourle, C.A., Taylor, C.G., Granuloma annulare. Prednisone glycosuria tests in a non-diabetic group. Br J Dermatol 78 (1966), 532–535.
    • (1966) Br J Dermatol , vol.78 , pp. 532-535
    • Rhodes, E.L.1    Hill, D.M.2    Ames, A.C.3    Tourle, C.A.4    Taylor, C.G.5
  • 23
    • 0015865733 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate tolerance in patients with granuloma annulare. Study of fifty-two cases
    • Haim, S., Friedman-Birnbaum, R., Haim, N., Shafrir, A., Ravina, A., Carbohydrate tolerance in patients with granuloma annulare. Study of fifty-two cases. Br J Dermatol 88 (1973), 447–451.
    • (1973) Br J Dermatol , vol.88 , pp. 447-451
    • Haim, S.1    Friedman-Birnbaum, R.2    Haim, N.3    Shafrir, A.4    Ravina, A.5
  • 24
    • 0014833508 scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare: relationship to diabetes mellitus as revealed in 8 cases
    • Haim, S., Friedman-Birnbaum, R., Shafrir, A., Generalized granuloma annulare: relationship to diabetes mellitus as revealed in 8 cases. Br J Dermatol 83 (1970), 302–305.
    • (1970) Br J Dermatol , vol.83 , pp. 302-305
    • Haim, S.1    Friedman-Birnbaum, R.2    Shafrir, A.3
  • 25
    • 0015451459 scopus 로고
    • Insulin production and glucose tolerance in patients with granuloma annulare
    • Hammond, R., Dyess, K., Castro, A., Insulin production and glucose tolerance in patients with granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol 87 (1972), 540–547.
    • (1972) Br J Dermatol , vol.87 , pp. 540-547
    • Hammond, R.1    Dyess, K.2    Castro, A.3
  • 26
    • 0021140687 scopus 로고
    • Localized granuloma annulare is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Muhlemann, M.F., Williams, D.R., Localized granuloma annulare is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Br J Dermatol 111 (1984), 325–329.
    • (1984) Br J Dermatol , vol.111 , pp. 325-329
    • Muhlemann, M.F.1    Williams, D.R.2
  • 28
    • 0030930976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory abnormalities in granuloma annulare: a case-control study
    • Veraldi, S., Bencini, P.L., Drudi, E., Caputo, R., Laboratory abnormalities in granuloma annulare: a case-control study. Br J Dermatol 136 (1997), 652–653.
    • (1997) Br J Dermatol , vol.136 , pp. 652-653
    • Veraldi, S.1    Bencini, P.L.2    Drudi, E.3    Caputo, R.4
  • 29
    • 0030476031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitating factors and associated diseases in 84 patients with granuloma annulare: a retrospective study
    • Studer, E.M., Calza, A.M., Saurat, J.H., Precipitating factors and associated diseases in 84 patients with granuloma annulare: a retrospective study. Dermatology 193 (1996), 364–368.
    • (1996) Dermatology , vol.193 , pp. 364-368
    • Studer, E.M.1    Calza, A.M.2    Saurat, J.H.3
  • 30
    • 0028314301 scopus 로고
    • Absence of carbohydrate intolerance in granuloma annulare
    • Gannon, T.F., Lynch, P.J., Absence of carbohydrate intolerance in granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol 30 (1994), 662–663.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.30 , pp. 662-663
    • Gannon, T.F.1    Lynch, P.J.2
  • 31
    • 0036178128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of an association between granuloma annulare and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Nebesio, C.L., Lewis, C., Chuang, T.Y., Lack of an association between granuloma annulare and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Dermatol 146 (2002), 122–124.
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.146 , pp. 122-124
    • Nebesio, C.L.1    Lewis, C.2    Chuang, T.Y.3
  • 32
    • 0015348255 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate metabolism in granuloma annulare
    • Williamson, D.M., Dykes, J.R., Carbohydrate metabolism in granuloma annulare. J Invest Dermatol 58 (1972), 400–404.
    • (1972) J Invest Dermatol , vol.58 , pp. 400-404
    • Williamson, D.M.1    Dykes, J.R.2
  • 33
    • 85033230081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: review of cases in the Social Hygiene Service and a case-control study of its association with diabetes mellitus
    • [dissertation] Hong Kong College of Physicians Hong Kong
    • Tak, C.P., Granuloma annulare: review of cases in the Social Hygiene Service and a case-control study of its association with diabetes mellitus. [dissertation], 2003, Hong Kong College of Physicians, Hong Kong.
    • (2003)
    • Tak, C.P.1
  • 34
    • 0024602253 scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare: clinical and laboratory findings in 100 patients
    • Dabski, K., Winkelmann, R.K., Generalized granuloma annulare: clinical and laboratory findings in 100 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 20 (1989), 39–47.
    • (1989) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.20 , pp. 39-47
    • Dabski, K.1    Winkelmann, R.K.2
  • 35
    • 73449119933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and pathological features of generalized granuloma annulare with their correlation: a retrospective multicenter study in Korea
    • Yun, J.H., Lee, J.Y., Kim, M.K., et al. Clinical and pathological features of generalized granuloma annulare with their correlation: a retrospective multicenter study in Korea. Ann Dermatol 21 (2009), 113–119.
    • (2009) Ann Dermatol , vol.21 , pp. 113-119
    • Yun, J.H.1    Lee, J.Y.2    Kim, M.K.3
  • 36
    • 84885612295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on necrobiosis lipoidica: a review of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options
    • Reid, S.D., Ladizinski, B., Lee, K., Baibergenova, A., Alavi, A., Update on necrobiosis lipoidica: a review of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. J Am Acad Dermatol 69 (2013), 783–791.
    • (2013) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.69 , pp. 783-791
    • Reid, S.D.1    Ladizinski, B.2    Lee, K.3    Baibergenova, A.4    Alavi, A.5
  • 37
    • 84928331733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and incidence rates of cardiovascular, autoimmune, and other diseases in patients with psoriatic or psoriatic arthritis: a retrospective study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink
    • Edson-Heredia, E., Zhu, B., Lefevre, C., et al. Prevalence and incidence rates of cardiovascular, autoimmune, and other diseases in patients with psoriatic or psoriatic arthritis: a retrospective study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 29 (2015), 955–963.
    • (2015) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.29 , pp. 955-963
    • Edson-Heredia, E.1    Zhu, B.2    Lefevre, C.3
  • 38
    • 84906825527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of cutaneous manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus in 500 south Asian patients
    • Sawatkar, G.U., Kanwar, A.J., Dogra, S., Bhadada, S.K., Dayal, D., Spectrum of cutaneous manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus in 500 south Asian patients. Br J Dermatol 171 (2014), 1402–1406.
    • (2014) Br J Dermatol , vol.171 , pp. 1402-1406
    • Sawatkar, G.U.1    Kanwar, A.J.2    Dogra, S.3    Bhadada, S.K.4    Dayal, D.5
  • 41
    • 84942419609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remission of generalized erythematous granuloma annulare after improvement of hyperlipidemia and review of the Japanese literature
    • Watanabe, S., Tanaka, M., Kobayashi, K., et al. Remission of generalized erythematous granuloma annulare after improvement of hyperlipidemia and review of the Japanese literature. Dermatol Pract Concept 4 (2014), 97–100.
    • (2014) Dermatol Pract Concept , vol.4 , pp. 97-100
    • Watanabe, S.1    Tanaka, M.2    Kobayashi, K.3
  • 42
    • 0037381768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized granuloma annulare and autoimmune thyroiditis in adult women: a case-control study
    • Vazquez-Lopez, F., Pereiro, M. Jr., Manjon Haces, J.A., et al. Localized granuloma annulare and autoimmune thyroiditis in adult women: a case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol 48 (2003), 517–520.
    • (2003) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.48 , pp. 517-520
    • Vazquez-Lopez, F.1    Pereiro, M.2    Manjon Haces, J.A.3
  • 43
    • 0034918759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized granuloma annulare associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in a patient with a positive family history for autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II
    • Kappeler, D., Troendle, A., Mueller, B., Localized granuloma annulare associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in a patient with a positive family history for autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II. Eur J Endocrinol 145 (2001), 101–102.
    • (2001) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.145 , pp. 101-102
    • Kappeler, D.1    Troendle, A.2    Mueller, B.3
  • 45
    • 84876719557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rare case of granuloma annulare in a 5-year-old child with type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis
    • Maschio, M., Marigliano, M., Sabbion, A., et al. A rare case of granuloma annulare in a 5-year-old child with type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis. Am J Dermatopathol 35 (2013), 385–387.
    • (2013) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.35 , pp. 385-387
    • Maschio, M.1    Marigliano, M.2    Sabbion, A.3
  • 46
    • 84876352872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on clinical and laboratory features in necrobiosis lipoidica: a retrospective multicentre study of 52 patients
    • Erfurt-Berge, C., Seitz, A.T., Rehse, C., Wollina, U., Schwede, K., Renner, R., Update on clinical and laboratory features in necrobiosis lipoidica: a retrospective multicentre study of 52 patients. Eur J Dermatol 22 (2012), 770–775.
    • (2012) Eur J Dermatol , vol.22 , pp. 770-775
    • Erfurt-Berge, C.1    Seitz, A.T.2    Rehse, C.3    Wollina, U.4    Schwede, K.5    Renner, R.6
  • 48
    • 0035184445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: another manifestation of Bartonella infection?
    • Smoller, B.R., Madhusudhan, K.T., Scott, M.A., Horn, T.D., Granuloma annulare: another manifestation of Bartonella infection?. Am J Dermatopathol 23 (2001), 510–513.
    • (2001) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.23 , pp. 510-513
    • Smoller, B.R.1    Madhusudhan, K.T.2    Scott, M.A.3    Horn, T.D.4
  • 49
    • 0032980010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplification of DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi in urine samples of patients with granuloma annulare and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
    • Aberer, E., Schmidt, B.L., Breier, F., Kinaciyan, T., Luger, A., Amplification of DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi in urine samples of patients with granuloma annulare and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Arch Dermatol 135 (1999), 210–212.
    • (1999) Arch Dermatol , vol.135 , pp. 210-212
    • Aberer, E.1    Schmidt, B.L.2    Breier, F.3    Kinaciyan, T.4    Luger, A.5
  • 50
    • 53749102743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare–a manifestation of infection with Borrelia?
    • Ziemer, M., Grabner, T., Eisendle, K., Baltaci, M., Zelger, B., Granuloma annulare–a manifestation of infection with Borrelia?. J Cutan Pathol 35 (2008), 1050–1057.
    • (2008) J Cutan Pathol , vol.35 , pp. 1050-1057
    • Ziemer, M.1    Grabner, T.2    Eisendle, K.3    Baltaci, M.4    Zelger, B.5
  • 52
    • 0033758053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hepatitis C virus infection associated with a generalized granuloma annulare
    • Granel, B., Serratrice, J., Rey, J., et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection associated with a generalized granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol 43:5 pt 2 (2000), 918–919.
    • (2000) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 918-919
    • Granel, B.1    Serratrice, J.2    Rey, J.3
  • 53
    • 33646236570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
    • Ma, H.J., Zhu, W.Y., Yue, X.Z., Generalized granuloma annulare associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20 (2006), 186–189.
    • (2006) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.20 , pp. 186-189
    • Ma, H.J.1    Zhu, W.Y.2    Yue, X.Z.3
  • 54
    • 34447560080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: long-term follow-up
    • Dahl, M.V., Granuloma annulare: long-term follow-up. Arch Dermatol 143 (2007), 946–947.
    • (2007) Arch Dermatol , vol.143 , pp. 946-947
    • Dahl, M.V.1
  • 56
    • 45349097775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of inflammatory eye disease with granuloma annulare?
    • Brey, N.V., Purkiss, T.J., Sehgal, A., Kaplan, H.J., Callen, J.P., Association of inflammatory eye disease with granuloma annulare?. Arch Dermatol 144 (2008), 803–804.
    • (2008) Arch Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 803-804
    • Brey, N.V.1    Purkiss, T.J.2    Sehgal, A.3    Kaplan, H.J.4    Callen, J.P.5
  • 57
    • 0026729412 scopus 로고
    • Association of granuloma annulare with sarcoidosis
    • Ehrich, E.W., McGuire, J.L., Kim, Y.H., Association of granuloma annulare with sarcoidosis. Arch Dermatol 128 (1992), 855–856.
    • (1992) Arch Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 855-856
    • Ehrich, E.W.1    McGuire, J.L.2    Kim, Y.H.3
  • 58
    • 0017746551 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare and sarcoidosis
    • Umbert, P., Winkelmann, R.K., Granuloma annulare and sarcoidosis. Br J Dermatol 97 (1977), 481–486.
    • (1977) Br J Dermatol , vol.97 , pp. 481-486
    • Umbert, P.1    Winkelmann, R.K.2
  • 59
    • 0035177086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweet's syndrome in association with generalized granuloma annulare in a patient with previous breast carcinoma
    • Antony, F., Holden, C.A., Sweet's syndrome in association with generalized granuloma annulare in a patient with previous breast carcinoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 26 (2001), 668–670.
    • (2001) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.26 , pp. 668-670
    • Antony, F.1    Holden, C.A.2
  • 60
    • 77950632345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-infectious granulomatous diseases of the skin and their associated systemic diseases: an evidence-based update to important clinical questions
    • Hawryluk, E.B., Izikson, L., English, J.C. 3rd, Non-infectious granulomatous diseases of the skin and their associated systemic diseases: an evidence-based update to important clinical questions. Am J Clin Dermatol 11 (2010), 171–181.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Dermatol , vol.11 , pp. 171-181
    • Hawryluk, E.B.1    Izikson, L.2    English, J.C.3
  • 61
    • 45149126417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread granuloma annulare and Hodgkin's disease
    • Dadban, A., Slama, B., Azzedine, A., Lepeu, G., Widespread granuloma annulare and Hodgkin's disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 33 (2008), 465–468.
    • (2008) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.33 , pp. 465-468
    • Dadban, A.1    Slama, B.2    Azzedine, A.3    Lepeu, G.4
  • 62
    • 0019862107 scopus 로고
    • Hodgkin's disease and granuloma annulare
    • Schwartz, R.A., Hansen, R.C., Lynch, P.J., Hodgkin's disease and granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol 117 (1981), 185–186.
    • (1981) Arch Dermatol , vol.117 , pp. 185-186
    • Schwartz, R.A.1    Hansen, R.C.2    Lynch, P.J.3
  • 63
  • 65
    • 70449727891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare heralding angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in a patient with a history of epstein-barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoma
    • Martin, J.E., Wagner, A.J., Murphy, G.F., Pinkus, G.S., Wang, L.C., Granuloma annulare heralding angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in a patient with a history of epstein-barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 27 (2009), e168–e171.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. e168-e171
    • Martin, J.E.1    Wagner, A.J.2    Murphy, G.F.3    Pinkus, G.S.4    Wang, L.C.5
  • 66
    • 0028363509 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare in patients with malignant lymphoma: clinicopathologic study of thirteen new cases
    • Barksdale, S.K., Perniciaro, C., Halling, K.C., Strickler, J.G., Granuloma annulare in patients with malignant lymphoma: clinicopathologic study of thirteen new cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 31 (1994), 42–48.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.31 , pp. 42-48
    • Barksdale, S.K.1    Perniciaro, C.2    Halling, K.C.3    Strickler, J.G.4
  • 67
    • 84870057584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare associated with cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma: a case linking a hematologic malignancy with granulomatous dermatitis
    • Wanat, K.A., Elenitsas, R., Kim, E.J., Rosenbach, M., Granuloma annulare associated with cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma: a case linking a hematologic malignancy with granulomatous dermatitis. Am J Dermatopathol 34 (2012), 844–846.
    • (2012) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.34 , pp. 844-846
    • Wanat, K.A.1    Elenitsas, R.2    Kim, E.J.3    Rosenbach, M.4
  • 68
    • 67249096148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare in a patient with myelocytic leukemia and chronic hepatitis B virus infection
    • Askin, U., Durdu, M., Senel, E., Generalized granuloma annulare in a patient with myelocytic leukemia and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 75 (2009), 287–289.
    • (2009) Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol , vol.75 , pp. 287-289
    • Askin, U.1    Durdu, M.2    Senel, E.3
  • 69
    • 45849100155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare as an initial manifestation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a report of 2 cases
    • Hinckley, M.R., Walsh, S.N., Molnar, I., et al. Generalized granuloma annulare as an initial manifestation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a report of 2 cases. Am J Dermatopathol 30 (2008), 274–277.
    • (2008) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.30 , pp. 274-277
    • Hinckley, M.R.1    Walsh, S.N.2    Molnar, I.3
  • 70
    • 33646059154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical generalized granuloma annulare associated with two visceral cancers
    • Shimizu, S., Yasui, C., Tsuchiya, K., Atypical generalized granuloma annulare associated with two visceral cancers. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:5 suppl (2006), S236–S238.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. S236-S238
    • Shimizu, S.1    Yasui, C.2    Tsuchiya, K.3
  • 71
    • 33645965294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare, relapsing polychondritis, sarcoidosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus: conditions whose dermatologic manifestations may occur as hematologic malignancy-associated mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes
    • Cohen, P.R., Granuloma annulare, relapsing polychondritis, sarcoidosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus: conditions whose dermatologic manifestations may occur as hematologic malignancy-associated mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes. Int J Dermatol 45 (2006), 70–80.
    • (2006) Int J Dermatol , vol.45 , pp. 70-80
    • Cohen, P.R.1
  • 73
    • 0021972116 scopus 로고
    • AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma and the dermatologist
    • Smith, N.P., AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma and the dermatologist. J Royal Soc Med 78 (1985), 97–99.
    • (1985) J Royal Soc Med , vol.78 , pp. 97-99
    • Smith, N.P.1
  • 74
    • 0023404356 scopus 로고
    • Perforating granuloma annulare in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Immunohistologic evaluation of the cellular infiltrate
    • Huerter, C.J., Bass, J., Bergfeld, W.F., Tubbs, R.R., Perforating granuloma annulare in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Immunohistologic evaluation of the cellular infiltrate. Arch Dermatol 123 (1987), 1217–1220.
    • (1987) Arch Dermatol , vol.123 , pp. 1217-1220
    • Huerter, C.J.1    Bass, J.2    Bergfeld, W.F.3    Tubbs, R.R.4
  • 75
    • 0024618784 scopus 로고
    • Atypical granuloma annulare in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Jones, S.K., Harman, R.R., Atypical granuloma annulare in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:2 pt 1 (1989), 299–300.
    • (1989) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-300
    • Jones, S.K.1    Harman, R.R.2
  • 77
    • 0024562177 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections
    • Ghadially, R., Sibbald, R.G., Walter, J.B., Haberman, H.F., Granuloma annulare in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:2 pt 1 (1989), 232–235.
    • (1989) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 232-235
    • Ghadially, R.1    Sibbald, R.G.2    Walter, J.B.3    Haberman, H.F.4
  • 78
    • 0032724792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare and human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Toro, J.R., Chu, P., Yen, T.S., LeBoit, P.E., Granuloma annulare and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Dermatol 135 (1999), 1341–1346.
    • (1999) Arch Dermatol , vol.135 , pp. 1341-1346
    • Toro, J.R.1    Chu, P.2    Yen, T.S.3    LeBoit, P.E.4
  • 79
    • 0032707294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: a mucocutaneous condition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
    • Cohen, P.R., Granuloma annulare: a mucocutaneous condition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Arch Dermatol 135 (1999), 1404–1407.
    • (1999) Arch Dermatol , vol.135 , pp. 1404-1407
    • Cohen, P.R.1
  • 81
    • 0041632298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare masquerading as molluscum contagiosum-like eruption in an HIV-positive African woman
    • Kapembwa, M.S., Goolamali, S.K., Price, A., Boyle, S., Granuloma annulare masquerading as molluscum contagiosum-like eruption in an HIV-positive African woman. J Am Acad Dermatol 49:2 suppl case reports (2003), S184–S186.
    • (2003) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.49 , Issue.2 suppl case reports , pp. S184-S186
    • Kapembwa, M.S.1    Goolamali, S.K.2    Price, A.3    Boyle, S.4
  • 82
    • 0036283616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual presentation of diffuse granuloma annulare in an HIV-positive patient - immunohistochemical evidence of predominant CD8 lymphocytes
    • Morris, S.D., Cerio, R., Paige, D.G., An unusual presentation of diffuse granuloma annulare in an HIV-positive patient - immunohistochemical evidence of predominant CD8 lymphocytes. Clin Exp Dermatol 27 (2002), 205–208.
    • (2002) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.27 , pp. 205-208
    • Morris, S.D.1    Cerio, R.2    Paige, D.G.3
  • 83
    • 0024268575 scopus 로고
    • Remission of human immunodeficiency virus-associated generalized granuloma annulare under zidovudine therapy
    • Leenutaphong, V., Holzle, E., Erckenbrecht, J., Zuleger, S., Plewig, G., Remission of human immunodeficiency virus-associated generalized granuloma annulare under zidovudine therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 19 (1988), 1126–1127.
    • (1988) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.19 , pp. 1126-1127
    • Leenutaphong, V.1    Holzle, E.2    Erckenbrecht, J.3    Zuleger, S.4    Plewig, G.5
  • 85
    • 34548155479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare and eruptive folliculitis in an HIV-positive man: resolution after antiretroviral therapy
    • Marzano, A.V., Ramoni, S., Alessi, E., Caputo, R., Generalized granuloma annulare and eruptive folliculitis in an HIV-positive man: resolution after antiretroviral therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21 (2007), 1114–1116.
    • (2007) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.21 , pp. 1114-1116
    • Marzano, A.V.1    Ramoni, S.2    Alessi, E.3    Caputo, R.4
  • 86
    • 0034958934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between zalcitabine therapy for human immunodeficiency virus and granuloma annulare?
    • Penas, P.F., Jones-Caballero, M., Garcia-Diez, A., Association between zalcitabine therapy for human immunodeficiency virus and granuloma annulare?. Arch Dermatol, 137, 2001, 964.
    • (2001) Arch Dermatol , vol.137 , pp. 964
    • Penas, P.F.1    Jones-Caballero, M.2    Garcia-Diez, A.3
  • 87
    • 70349499474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning-strike granuloma
    • Angit, C., Clayton, T.H., Lightning-strike granuloma. Clin Exp Dermatol 34 (2009), e485–e486.
    • (2009) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.34 , pp. e485-e486
    • Angit, C.1    Clayton, T.H.2
  • 88
    • 0031939986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perforating granuloma annulare complicating tattoos
    • Gradwell, E., Evans, S., Perforating granuloma annulare complicating tattoos. Br J Dermatol 138 (1998), 360–361.
    • (1998) Br J Dermatol , vol.138 , pp. 360-361
    • Gradwell, E.1    Evans, S.2
  • 89
    • 53349144475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Papular granuloma annulare with subcutaneous granulomatous reaction induced by a bee sting
    • Takayama, K., Satoh, T., Yokozeki, H., Papular granuloma annulare with subcutaneous granulomatous reaction induced by a bee sting. Acta Derm Venereol 88 (2008), 519–520.
    • (2008) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.88 , pp. 519-520
    • Takayama, K.1    Satoh, T.2    Yokozeki, H.3
  • 90
    • 0022812350 scopus 로고
    • Octopus bite resulting in granuloma annulare
    • Fulghum, D.D., Octopus bite resulting in granuloma annulare. South Med J 79 (1986), 1434–1436.
    • (1986) South Med J , vol.79 , pp. 1434-1436
    • Fulghum, D.D.1
  • 91
    • 18644384318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare presenting as contact dermatitis
    • Marty, C.L., Cheng, J.F., Granuloma annulare presenting as contact dermatitis. Dermatitis 16 (2005), 34–37.
    • (2005) Dermatitis , vol.16 , pp. 34-37
    • Marty, C.L.1    Cheng, J.F.2
  • 92
    • 0842325797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isomorphic response after saphenectomy in a patient with granuloma annulare
    • Borgia, F., Cannavo, S.P., Guarneri, F., Manfre, C., Vaccaro, M., Isomorphic response after saphenectomy in a patient with granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol 50:2 suppl (2004), S31–S33.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. S31-S33
    • Borgia, F.1    Cannavo, S.P.2    Guarneri, F.3    Manfre, C.4    Vaccaro, M.5
  • 93
    • 84892815107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare after bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination, clinically resembling papular tuberculid
    • Yoon, N.Y., Lee, N.R., Choi, E.H., Generalized granuloma annulare after bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination, clinically resembling papular tuberculid. J Dermatol 41 (2014), 109–111.
    • (2014) J Dermatol , vol.41 , pp. 109-111
    • Yoon, N.Y.1    Lee, N.R.2    Choi, E.H.3
  • 94
    • 84873410794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare-like reaction to the bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination
    • Nomiyama, T., Takenaka, H., Kishimoto, S., Katoh, N., Granuloma annulare-like reaction to the bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. Australas J Dermatol 54 (2013), e4–e7.
    • (2013) Australas J Dermatol , vol.54 , pp. e4-e7
    • Nomiyama, T.1    Takenaka, H.2    Kishimoto, S.3    Katoh, N.4
  • 95
    • 84863143028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare in infancy following bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination
    • Lee, S.W., Cheong, S.H., Byun, J.Y., Choi, Y.W., Choi, H.Y., Myung, K.B., Generalized granuloma annulare in infancy following bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination. Ann Dermatol 23:suppl 3 (2011), S319–S321.
    • (2011) Ann Dermatol , vol.23 , pp. S319-S321
    • Lee, S.W.1    Cheong, S.H.2    Byun, J.Y.3    Choi, Y.W.4    Choi, H.Y.5    Myung, K.B.6
  • 96
    • 0035186826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple lesions of granuloma annulare following BCG vaccination: case report and review of the literature
    • Kakurai, M., Kiyosawa, T., Ohtsuki, M., Nakagawa, H., Multiple lesions of granuloma annulare following BCG vaccination: case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 40 (2001), 579–581.
    • (2001) Int J Dermatol , vol.40 , pp. 579-581
    • Kakurai, M.1    Kiyosawa, T.2    Ohtsuki, M.3    Nakagawa, H.4
  • 98
    • 28544440163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of granuloma annulare in a child following tetanus and diphtheria toxoid vaccination
    • Baskan, E.B., Tunali, S., Kacar, S.D., Adim, S.B., Saricaoglu, H., A case of granuloma annulare in a child following tetanus and diphtheria toxoid vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19 (2005), 639–640.
    • (2005) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.19 , pp. 639-640
    • Baskan, E.B.1    Tunali, S.2    Kacar, S.D.3    Adim, S.B.4    Saricaoglu, H.5
  • 99
    • 0036749708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare possibly triggered by antitetanus vaccination
    • Baykal, C., Ozkaya-Bayazit, E., Kaymaz, R., Granuloma annulare possibly triggered by antitetanus vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 16 (2002), 516–518.
    • (2002) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.16 , pp. 516-518
    • Baykal, C.1    Ozkaya-Bayazit, E.2    Kaymaz, R.3
  • 100
    • 84874700510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf isotopic response manifesting as postherpetic granuloma annulare: a case series
    • Kapoor, R., Piris, A., Saavedra, A.P., Duncan, L.M., Nazarian, R.M., Wolf isotopic response manifesting as postherpetic granuloma annulare: a case series. Arch Pathol Lab Med 137 (2013), 255–258.
    • (2013) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.137 , pp. 255-258
    • Kapoor, R.1    Piris, A.2    Saavedra, A.P.3    Duncan, L.M.4    Nazarian, R.M.5
  • 101
    • 33645986460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare on herpes zoster scars in a Hodgkin's disease patient following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation
    • Sanli, H.E., Kocyigit, P., Arica, E., Kurtyuksel, M., Heper, A.O., Ozcan, M., Granuloma annulare on herpes zoster scars in a Hodgkin's disease patient following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20 (2006), 314–317.
    • (2006) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.20 , pp. 314-317
    • Sanli, H.E.1    Kocyigit, P.2    Arica, E.3    Kurtyuksel, M.4    Heper, A.O.5    Ozcan, M.6
  • 102
    • 2342443010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous granuloma annulare following herpes zoster
    • Chang, S.E., Bae, G.Y., Moon, K.C., Do, S.H., Lim, Y.J., Subcutaneous granuloma annulare following herpes zoster. Int J Dermatol 43 (2004), 298–299.
    • (2004) Int J Dermatol , vol.43 , pp. 298-299
    • Chang, S.E.1    Bae, G.Y.2    Moon, K.C.3    Do, S.H.4    Lim, Y.J.5
  • 103
    • 0242708708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare in a site of healed herpes zoster: Wolf's isotopic response
    • Ruocco, E., Baroni, A., Cutri, F.T., Filioli, F.G., Granuloma annulare in a site of healed herpes zoster: Wolf's isotopic response. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17 (2003), 686–688.
    • (2003) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.17 , pp. 686-688
    • Ruocco, E.1    Baroni, A.2    Cutri, F.T.3    Filioli, F.G.4
  • 104
    • 0027524832 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare perforans in herpes zoster scars
    • Krahl, D., Hartschuh, W., Tilgen, W., Granuloma annulare perforans in herpes zoster scars. J Am Acad Dermatol 29:5 pt 2 (1993), 859–862.
    • (1993) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 859-862
    • Krahl, D.1    Hartschuh, W.2    Tilgen, W.3
  • 105
    • 0018179046 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare at sites of healing herpes zoster
    • Guill, M.A., Goette, D.K., Granuloma annulare at sites of healing herpes zoster. Arch Dermatol, 114, 1978, 1383.
    • (1978) Arch Dermatol , vol.114 , pp. 1383
    • Guill, M.A.1    Goette, D.K.2
  • 106
  • 107
    • 84906269723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare after varicella infection: Wolf isotopic response?
    • Abbas, O., Kurban, M., Generalized granuloma annulare after varicella infection: Wolf isotopic response?. J Am Acad Dermatol 71 (2014), e80–e82.
    • (2014) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.71 , pp. e80-e82
    • Abbas, O.1    Kurban, M.2
  • 108
    • 67249088872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isomorphic and isotopic phenomenon occurring simultaneously in a case of granuloma annulare
    • Kaliyadan, F., Gopinath, S., Jayasree, M.G., Parmar, C., Isomorphic and isotopic phenomenon occurring simultaneously in a case of granuloma annulare. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 75 (2009), 307–309.
    • (2009) Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol , vol.75 , pp. 307-309
    • Kaliyadan, F.1    Gopinath, S.2    Jayasree, M.G.3    Parmar, C.4
  • 109
    • 84877145073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allopurinol induced granuloma annulare in a patient of lepromatous leprosy
    • Singh, S.K., Manchanda, K., Bhayana, A.A., Verma, A., Allopurinol induced granuloma annulare in a patient of lepromatous leprosy. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 4 (2013), 152–154.
    • (2013) J Pharmacol Pharmacother , vol.4 , pp. 152-154
    • Singh, S.K.1    Manchanda, K.2    Bhayana, A.A.3    Verma, A.4
  • 110
    • 84892814113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare as a possible new adverse effect of topiramate
    • Cassone, G., Tumiati, B., Granuloma annulare as a possible new adverse effect of topiramate. Int J Dermatol 53 (2014), 259–261.
    • (2014) Int J Dermatol , vol.53 , pp. 259-261
    • Cassone, G.1    Tumiati, B.2
  • 112
    • 84888297982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa therapy leading to generalized interstitial granuloma annulare and review of the literature
    • Ahmad, U., Li, X., Sodeman, T., Daboul, I., Hepatitis C virus treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa therapy leading to generalized interstitial granuloma annulare and review of the literature. Am J Ther 20 (2013), 585–587.
    • (2013) Am J Ther , vol.20 , pp. 585-587
    • Ahmad, U.1    Li, X.2    Sodeman, T.3    Daboul, I.4
  • 113
    • 0021220642 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare caused by injectable collagen
    • Rapaport, M.J., Granuloma annulare caused by injectable collagen. Arch Dermatol 120 (1984), 837–838.
    • (1984) Arch Dermatol , vol.120 , pp. 837-838
    • Rapaport, M.J.1
  • 114
    • 44849103812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare as a complication of mesotherapy: a case report
    • Strahan, J.E., Cohen, J.L., Chorny, J.A., Granuloma annulare as a complication of mesotherapy: a case report. Dermatol Surg 34 (2008), 836–838.
    • (2008) Dermatol Surg , vol.34 , pp. 836-838
    • Strahan, J.E.1    Cohen, J.L.2    Chorny, J.A.3
  • 115
    • 0020006961 scopus 로고
    • Scarification treatment of granuloma annulare
    • Wilkin, J.K., DuComb, D., Castrow, F.F., Scarification treatment of granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol 118 (1982), 68–69.
    • (1982) Arch Dermatol , vol.118 , pp. 68-69
    • Wilkin, J.K.1    DuComb, D.2    Castrow, F.F.3
  • 116
    • 71949083683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of granuloma annulare: shorter duration is associated with younger age and recent onset
    • Wallet-Faber, N., Farhi, D., Gorin, I., et al. Outcome of granuloma annulare: shorter duration is associated with younger age and recent onset. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 24 (2010), 103–104.
    • (2010) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.24 , pp. 103-104
    • Wallet-Faber, N.1    Farhi, D.2    Gorin, I.3
  • 117
    • 0016641975 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica treated by jet injector
    • Sparrow, G., Abell, E., Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica treated by jet injector. Br J Dermatol 93 (1975), 85–89.
    • (1975) Br J Dermatol , vol.93 , pp. 85-89
    • Sparrow, G.1    Abell, E.2
  • 118
    • 84880888905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of granuloma annulare: an update
    • Thornsberry, L.A., English, J.C. 3rd, Etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of granuloma annulare: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol 14 (2013), 279–290.
    • (2013) Am J Clin Dermatol , vol.14 , pp. 279-290
    • Thornsberry, L.A.1    English, J.C.2
  • 120
    • 0034332381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: a review of 41 cases at the National Skin Centre
    • Tan, H.H., Goh, C.L., Granuloma annulare: a review of 41 cases at the National Skin Centre. Ann Acad Med Singapore 29 (2000), 714–718.
    • (2000) Ann Acad Med Singapore , vol.29 , pp. 714-718
    • Tan, H.H.1    Goh, C.L.2
  • 121
    • 0021351605 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of granuloma annulare with potassium iodide
    • Caserio, R.J., Eaglstein, W.H., Allen, C.M., Treatment of granuloma annulare with potassium iodide. J Am Acad Dermatol 10:2 pt 1 (1984), 294–295.
    • (1984) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 294-295
    • Caserio, R.J.1    Eaglstein, W.H.2    Allen, C.M.3
  • 122
    • 0018366491 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with potassium iodide
    • Giessel, M., Graves, K., Kalivas, J., Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with potassium iodide. Arch Dermatol 115 (1979), 639–640.
    • (1979) Arch Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 639-640
    • Giessel, M.1    Graves, K.2    Kalivas, J.3
  • 123
    • 0028200926 scopus 로고
    • Potassium iodide in the treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare
    • Smith, J.B., Hansen, C.D., Zone, J.J., Potassium iodide in the treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol 30:5 pt 1 (1994), 791–792.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 791-792
    • Smith, J.B.1    Hansen, C.D.2    Zone, J.J.3
  • 125
    • 0036125573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolution of patch-type granuloma annulare lesions after biopsy
    • Levin, N.A., Patterson, J.W., Yao, L.L., Wilson, B.B., Resolution of patch-type granuloma annulare lesions after biopsy. J Am Acad Dermatol 46 (2002), 426–429.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.46 , pp. 426-429
    • Levin, N.A.1    Patterson, J.W.2    Yao, L.L.3    Wilson, B.B.4
  • 127
    • 0017476023 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of granuloma annulare by scarification [in Russian]
    • Shakhnes, I.E., Treatment of granuloma annulare by scarification [in Russian]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 4 (1977), 78–79.
    • (1977) Vestn Dermatol Venerol , vol.4 , pp. 78-79
    • Shakhnes, I.E.1
  • 128
    • 84883556212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case of granuloma annulare resolving after repetitive pricking
    • Hashizume, H., Umayahara, T., Case of granuloma annulare resolving after repetitive pricking. J Dermatol 40 (2013), 761–762.
    • (2013) J Dermatol , vol.40 , pp. 761-762
    • Hashizume, H.1    Umayahara, T.2
  • 130
    • 0025208273 scopus 로고
    • Photochemotherapy of generalized granuloma annulare
    • Kerker, B.J., Huang, C.P., Morison, W.L., Photochemotherapy of generalized granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol 126 (1990), 359–361.
    • (1990) Arch Dermatol , vol.126 , pp. 359-361
    • Kerker, B.J.1    Huang, C.P.2    Morison, W.L.3
  • 131
    • 0033060820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of generalized granuloma annulare with polyethylene sheet bath PUVA
    • Szegedi, A., Begany, A., Hunyadi, J., Successful treatment of generalized granuloma annulare with polyethylene sheet bath PUVA. Acta Derm Venereol 79 (1999), 84–85.
    • (1999) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.79 , pp. 84-85
    • Szegedi, A.1    Begany, A.2    Hunyadi, J.3
  • 132
    • 33645241796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearance of generalized papular umbilicated granuloma annulare in a child with bath PUVA therapy
    • Batchelor, R., Clark, S., Clearance of generalized papular umbilicated granuloma annulare in a child with bath PUVA therapy. Pediatr Dermatol 23 (2006), 72–74.
    • (2006) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.23 , pp. 72-74
    • Batchelor, R.1    Clark, S.2
  • 133
    • 0033405654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalised granuloma annulare successfully treated with PUVA
    • Setterfield, J., Huilgol, S.C., Black, M.M., Generalised granuloma annulare successfully treated with PUVA. Clin Exp Dermatol 24 (1999), 458–460.
    • (1999) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.24 , pp. 458-460
    • Setterfield, J.1    Huilgol, S.C.2    Black, M.M.3
  • 134
    • 0033778219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PUVA therapy of granuloma annulare
    • Schmutz, J.L., PUVA therapy of granuloma annulare. Clin Exp Dermatol, 25, 2000, 451.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.25 , pp. 451
    • Schmutz, J.L.1
  • 135
    • 79952528136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psoralen and ultraviolet A in the treatment of granuloma annulare
    • Browne, F., Turner, D., Goulden, V., Psoralen and ultraviolet A in the treatment of granuloma annulare. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 27 (2011), 81–84.
    • (2011) Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.27 , pp. 81-84
    • Browne, F.1    Turner, D.2    Goulden, V.3
  • 136
    • 0035725042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cream psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy for granuloma annulare
    • Grundmann-Kollmann, M., Ochsendorf, F.R., Zollner, T.M., et al. Cream psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy for granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol 144 (2001), 996–999.
    • (2001) Br J Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 996-999
    • Grundmann-Kollmann, M.1    Ochsendorf, F.R.2    Zollner, T.M.3
  • 137
    • 0030783366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phototherapy with UV-A-I for generalized granuloma annulare
    • Muchenberger, S., Schopf, E., Simon, J.C., Phototherapy with UV-A-I for generalized granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol, 133, 1997, 1605.
    • (1997) Arch Dermatol , vol.133 , pp. 1605
    • Muchenberger, S.1    Schopf, E.2    Simon, J.C.3
  • 141
    • 23944467309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disseminated granuloma annulare responsive to narrowband ultraviolet B therapy
    • Inui, S., Nishida, Y., Itami, S., Katayama, I., Disseminated granuloma annulare responsive to narrowband ultraviolet B therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 53 (2005), 533–534.
    • (2005) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.53 , pp. 533-534
    • Inui, S.1    Nishida, Y.2    Itami, S.3    Katayama, I.4
  • 143
    • 0032783075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonally recurrent granuloma annulare on sun-exposed areas
    • Uenotsuchi, T., Imayama, S., Furue, M., Seasonally recurrent granuloma annulare on sun-exposed areas. Br J Dermatol, 141, 1999, 367.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.141 , pp. 367
    • Uenotsuchi, T.1    Imayama, S.2    Furue, M.3
  • 145
    • 42549122619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of granuloma annulare with the 595 nm pulsed dye laser in a pediatric patient
    • Sliger, B.N., Burk, C.J., Alvarez-Connelly, E., Treatment of granuloma annulare with the 595 nm pulsed dye laser in a pediatric patient. Pediatr Dermatol 25 (2008), 196–197.
    • (2008) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.25 , pp. 196-197
    • Sliger, B.N.1    Burk, C.J.2    Alvarez-Connelly, E.3
  • 146
    • 27744512168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of granuloma annulare with the 585 nm pulsed dye laser
    • Sniezek, P.J., DeBloom, J.R. 2nd, Arpey, C.J., Treatment of granuloma annulare with the 585 nm pulsed dye laser. Dermatol Surg 31 (2005), 1370–1373.
    • (2005) Dermatol Surg , vol.31 , pp. 1370-1373
    • Sniezek, P.J.1    DeBloom, J.R.2    Arpey, C.J.3
  • 147
    • 84877593659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of granuloma annulare with the 595-nm pulsed dye laser, a multicentre retrospective study with long-term follow-up
    • Passeron, T., Fusade, T., Vabres, P., et al. Treatment of granuloma annulare with the 595-nm pulsed dye laser, a multicentre retrospective study with long-term follow-up. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27 (2013), 785–788.
    • (2013) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.27 , pp. 785-788
    • Passeron, T.1    Fusade, T.2    Vabres, P.3
  • 148
    • 79955458159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare successfully treated using fractional photothermolysis with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser
    • Liu, A., Hexsel, C.L., Moy, R.L., Ozog, D.M., Granuloma annulare successfully treated using fractional photothermolysis with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser. Dermatol Surg 37 (2011), 712–715.
    • (2011) Dermatol Surg , vol.37 , pp. 712-715
    • Liu, A.1    Hexsel, C.L.2    Moy, R.L.3    Ozog, D.M.4
  • 149
    • 39149090057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of granuloma annulare: a case report
    • Karsai, S., Hammes, S., Rutten, A., Raulin, C., Fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of granuloma annulare: a case report. Lasers Surg Med 40 (2008), 319–322.
    • (2008) Lasers Surg Med , vol.40 , pp. 319-322
    • Karsai, S.1    Hammes, S.2    Rutten, A.3    Raulin, C.4
  • 150
    • 62049083034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare treated with methylaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy
    • Piaserico, S., Zattra, E., Linder, D., Peserico, A., Generalized granuloma annulare treated with methylaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy. Dermatology 218 (2009), 282–284.
    • (2009) Dermatology , vol.218 , pp. 282-284
    • Piaserico, S.1    Zattra, E.2    Linder, D.3    Peserico, A.4
  • 152
    • 33748337119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of granuloma annulare with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy
    • Kim, Y.J., Kang, H.Y., Lee, E.S., Kim, Y.C., Successful treatment of granuloma annulare with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy. J Dermatol 33 (2006), 642–643.
    • (2006) J Dermatol , vol.33 , pp. 642-643
    • Kim, Y.J.1    Kang, H.Y.2    Lee, E.S.3    Kim, Y.C.4
  • 153
    • 0006189477 scopus 로고
    • Disseminated granuloma annulare; report of a case treated with chloroquine phosphate (aralen)
    • Mandel, E.H., Disseminated granuloma annulare; report of a case treated with chloroquine phosphate (aralen). AMA Arch Dermatol 79 (1959), 352–353.
    • (1959) AMA Arch Dermatol , vol.79 , pp. 352-353
    • Mandel, E.H.1
  • 154
    • 0023276987 scopus 로고
    • A case of generalized granuloma annulare responding to hydroxychloroquine
    • Carlin, M.C., Ratz, J.L., A case of generalized granuloma annulare responding to hydroxychloroquine. Cleve Clin J Med 54 (1987), 229–232.
    • (1987) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.54 , pp. 229-232
    • Carlin, M.C.1    Ratz, J.L.2
  • 155
    • 0028104567 scopus 로고
    • Antimalarials for control of disseminated granuloma annulare in children
    • Simon, M. Jr., von den Driesch, P., Antimalarials for control of disseminated granuloma annulare in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 31 (1994), 1064–1065.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.31 , pp. 1064-1065
    • Simon, M.1    von den Driesch, P.2
  • 156
    • 23844476200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of generalized granuloma annulare with hydroxychloroquine
    • Cannistraci, C., Lesnoni La Parola, I., Falchi, M., Picardo, M., Treatment of generalized granuloma annulare with hydroxychloroquine. Dermatology 211 (2005), 167–168.
    • (2005) Dermatology , vol.211 , pp. 167-168
    • Cannistraci, C.1    Lesnoni La Parola, I.2    Falchi, M.3    Picardo, M.4
  • 158
    • 84855878158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of widespread granuloma annulare with adalimumab: a case report
    • Kozic, H., Webster, G.F., Treatment of widespread granuloma annulare with adalimumab: a case report. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 4 (2011), 42–43.
    • (2011) J Clin Aesthet Dermatol , vol.4 , pp. 42-43
    • Kozic, H.1    Webster, G.F.2
  • 159
    • 84055184820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of recalcitrant generalized granuloma annulare with adalimumab
    • Torres, T., Pinto Almeida, T., Alves, R., Sanches, M., Selores, M., Treatment of recalcitrant generalized granuloma annulare with adalimumab. J Drugs Dermatol 10 (2011), 1466–1468.
    • (2011) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.10 , pp. 1466-1468
    • Torres, T.1    Pinto Almeida, T.2    Alves, R.3    Sanches, M.4    Selores, M.5
  • 160
    • 62449185189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with adalimumab
    • Rosmarin, D., LaRaia, A., Schlauder, S., Gottlieb, A.B., Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with adalimumab. J Drugs Dermatol 8 (2009), 169–171.
    • (2009) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.8 , pp. 169-171
    • Rosmarin, D.1    LaRaia, A.2    Schlauder, S.3    Gottlieb, A.B.4
  • 161
    • 77952107300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized interstitial granuloma annulare–response to adalimumab
    • Werchau, S., Enk, A., Hartmann, M., Generalized interstitial granuloma annulare–response to adalimumab. Int J Dermatol 49 (2010), 457–460.
    • (2010) Int J Dermatol , vol.49 , pp. 457-460
    • Werchau, S.1    Enk, A.2    Hartmann, M.3
  • 162
    • 33645100641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving granuloma annulare with etanercept
    • Shupack, J., Siu, K., Resolving granuloma annulare with etanercept. Arch Dermatol 142 (2006), 394–395.
    • (2006) Arch Dermatol , vol.142 , pp. 394-395
    • Shupack, J.1    Siu, K.2
  • 163
    • 79952116693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment with infliximab for disseminated granuloma annulare
    • Murdaca, G., Colombo, B.M., Barabino, G., Caiti, M., Cagnati, P., Puppo, F., Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment with infliximab for disseminated granuloma annulare. Am J Clin Dermatol 11 (2010), 437–439.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Dermatol , vol.11 , pp. 437-439
    • Murdaca, G.1    Colombo, B.M.2    Barabino, G.3    Caiti, M.4    Cagnati, P.5    Puppo, F.6
  • 164
    • 17444430358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid improvement of recalcitrant disseminated granuloma annulare upon treatment with the tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, infliximab
    • Hertl, M.S., Haendle, I., Schuler, G., Hertl, M., Rapid improvement of recalcitrant disseminated granuloma annulare upon treatment with the tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, infliximab. Br J Dermatol 152 (2005), 552–555.
    • (2005) Br J Dermatol , vol.152 , pp. 552-555
    • Hertl, M.S.1    Haendle, I.2    Schuler, G.3    Hertl, M.4
  • 165
    • 73449120738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: Improvement of granuloma annulare with anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy for Crohn's disease
    • Fanning, S.B., Chapman, G., Yau, Y., Leong, R.W., Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: Improvement of granuloma annulare with anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy for Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 25, 2010, 215.
    • (2010) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.25 , pp. 215
    • Fanning, S.B.1    Chapman, G.2    Yau, Y.3    Leong, R.W.4
  • 166
    • 84953639164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of recalcitrant granuloma annulare (GA) with adalimumab: A single-center, observational study
    • Min, M.S., Lebwohl, M., Treatment of recalcitrant granuloma annulare (GA) with adalimumab: A single-center, observational study. J Am Acad Dermatol 74 (2016), 127–133.
    • (2016) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.74 , pp. 127-133
    • Min, M.S.1    Lebwohl, M.2
  • 167
    • 84856380105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disseminated granuloma annulare: a cutaneous adverse effect of anti-tnf agents
    • Ratnarathorn, M., Raychaudhuri, S.P., Naguwa, S., Disseminated granuloma annulare: a cutaneous adverse effect of anti-tnf agents. Indian J Dermatol 56 (2011), 752–754.
    • (2011) Indian J Dermatol , vol.56 , pp. 752-754
    • Ratnarathorn, M.1    Raychaudhuri, S.P.2    Naguwa, S.3
  • 169
    • 21644463999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy of noninfectious granulomatous skin diseases with fumaric acid esters
    • Breuer, K., Gutzmer, R., Volker, B., Kapp, A., Werfel, T., Therapy of noninfectious granulomatous skin diseases with fumaric acid esters. Br J Dermatol 152 (2005), 1290–1295.
    • (2005) Br J Dermatol , vol.152 , pp. 1290-1295
    • Breuer, K.1    Gutzmer, R.2    Volker, B.3    Kapp, A.4    Werfel, T.5
  • 171
    • 0142149315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with fumaric acid esters
    • Kreuter, A., Gambichler, T., Altmeyer, P., Brockmeyer, N.H., Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with fumaric acid esters. BMC Dermatol, 2, 2002, 5.
    • (2002) BMC Dermatol , vol.2 , pp. 5
    • Kreuter, A.1    Gambichler, T.2    Altmeyer, P.3    Brockmeyer, N.H.4
  • 172
    • 66749127919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with low-dose fumaric acid
    • Weber, H.O., Borelli, C., Rocken, M., Schaller, M., Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with low-dose fumaric acid. Acta Derm Venereol 89 (2009), 295–298.
    • (2009) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.89 , pp. 295-298
    • Weber, H.O.1    Borelli, C.2    Rocken, M.3    Schaller, M.4
  • 173
    • 84866257378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare recalcitrant to topical therapy: a retrospective 10-year analysis with comparison of photochemotherapy alone versus photochemotherapy plus oral fumaric acid esters
    • Wollina, U., Langner, D., Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare recalcitrant to topical therapy: a retrospective 10-year analysis with comparison of photochemotherapy alone versus photochemotherapy plus oral fumaric acid esters. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 26 (2012), 1319–1321.
    • (2012) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.26 , pp. 1319-1321
    • Wollina, U.1    Langner, D.2
  • 174
    • 84876447854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with oral fumaric acid esters
    • Acharya, U., Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with oral fumaric acid esters. Int J Dermatol 52 (2013), 633–634.
    • (2013) Int J Dermatol , vol.52 , pp. 633-634
    • Acharya, U.1
  • 175
    • 0033750792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory influences of tranilast on multinucleated giant cell formation from monocytes by supernatant of concanavalin A-stimulated mononuclear cells
    • Mizuno, K., Okamoto, H., Horio, T., Inhibitory influences of tranilast on multinucleated giant cell formation from monocytes by supernatant of concanavalin A-stimulated mononuclear cells. J Dermatol Sci 24 (2000), 166–170.
    • (2000) J Dermatol Sci , vol.24 , pp. 166-170
    • Mizuno, K.1    Okamoto, H.2    Horio, T.3
  • 176
    • 7844229489 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: response to massive dose therapy of vitamin E combined with pantothenic acid derivatives
    • Welsh, A.L., Granuloma annulare: response to massive dose therapy of vitamin E combined with pantothenic acid derivatives. AMA Arch Dermatol Syphilol 70 (1954), 468–476.
    • (1954) AMA Arch Dermatol Syphilol , vol.70 , pp. 468-476
    • Welsh, A.L.1
  • 177
    • 84885631932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with oral vitamin E: ‘primum nil nocere’
    • Poppe, H., Poppe, L.M., Goebeler, M., Trautmann, A., Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with oral vitamin E: ‘primum nil nocere’. Dermatology 227 (2013), 83–88.
    • (2013) Dermatology , vol.227 , pp. 83-88
    • Poppe, H.1    Poppe, L.M.2    Goebeler, M.3    Trautmann, A.4
  • 178
    • 0036233455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and vitamin E
    • Smith, K.J., Norwood, C., Skelton, H., Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and vitamin E. Br J Dermatol 146 (2002), 667–670.
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.146 , pp. 667-670
    • Smith, K.J.1    Norwood, C.2    Skelton, H.3
  • 180
    • 84877128015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare treated with monthly rifampicin, ofloxacin, and minocycline combination therapy
    • Garg, S., Baveja, S., Generalized granuloma annulare treated with monthly rifampicin, ofloxacin, and minocycline combination therapy. Indian J Dermatol 58 (2013), 197–199.
    • (2013) Indian J Dermatol , vol.58 , pp. 197-199
    • Garg, S.1    Baveja, S.2
  • 181
    • 67650835110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare treated with rifampin, ofloxacin, and minocycline combination therapy
    • Marcus, D.V., Mahmoud, B.H., Hamzavi, I.H., Granuloma annulare treated with rifampin, ofloxacin, and minocycline combination therapy. Arch Dermatol 145 (2009), 787–789.
    • (2009) Arch Dermatol , vol.145 , pp. 787-789
    • Marcus, D.V.1    Mahmoud, B.H.2    Hamzavi, I.H.3
  • 183
    • 0019156139 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of generalized granuloma annulare with dapsone
    • Saied, N., Schwartz, R.A., Estes, S.A., Treatment of generalized granuloma annulare with dapsone. Arch Dermatol 116 (1980), 1345–1346.
    • (1980) Arch Dermatol , vol.116 , pp. 1345-1346
    • Saied, N.1    Schwartz, R.A.2    Estes, S.A.3
  • 185
    • 74949126439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with allopurinol: case report
    • Mazzatenta, C., Ghilardi, A., Grazzini, M., Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with allopurinol: case report. Dermatol Ther 23:suppl 1 (2010), S24–S27.
    • (2010) Dermatol Ther , vol.23 , pp. S24-S27
    • Mazzatenta, C.1    Ghilardi, A.2    Grazzini, M.3
  • 186
    • 0036172376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to cyclosporine in a patient with disseminated granuloma annulare associated with CD4+/CD8+(dim)/CD56+ large granular lymphocytic leukemia
    • Granjo, E., Lima, M., Lopes, J.M., et al. Response to cyclosporine in a patient with disseminated granuloma annulare associated with CD4+/CD8+(dim)/CD56+ large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Arch Dermatol 138 (2002), 274–276.
    • (2002) Arch Dermatol , vol.138 , pp. 274-276
    • Granjo, E.1    Lima, M.2    Lopes, J.M.3
  • 187
    • 0028796375 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare
    • Ho, V.C., Cyclosporine in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol, 32(2 pt 1), 1995, 298.
    • (1995) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 298
    • Ho, V.C.1
  • 188
    • 0028274850 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare
    • Filotico, R., Vena, G.A., Coviello, C., Angelini, G., Cyclosporine in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol 30 (1994), 487–488.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.30 , pp. 487-488
    • Filotico, R.1    Vena, G.A.2    Coviello, C.3    Angelini, G.4
  • 189
    • 78249256081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with methotrexate
    • Plotner, A.N., Mutasim, D.F., Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with methotrexate. Br J Dermatol 163 (2010), 1123–1124.
    • (2010) Br J Dermatol , vol.163 , pp. 1123-1124
    • Plotner, A.N.1    Mutasim, D.F.2
  • 190
    • 38949216062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of recalcitrant disseminated granuloma annulare with hydroxyurea
    • Hall, C.S., Zone, J.J., Hull, C.M., Treatment of recalcitrant disseminated granuloma annulare with hydroxyurea. J Am Acad Dermatol, 58, 2008, 525.
    • (2008) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.58 , pp. 525
    • Hall, C.S.1    Zone, J.J.2    Hull, C.M.3
  • 191
    • 0018769379 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose chlorambucil in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare
    • Kossard, S., Winkelmann, R.K., Low-dose chlorambucil in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare. Dermatologica 158 (1979), 443–450.
    • (1979) Dermatologica , vol.158 , pp. 443-450
    • Kossard, S.1    Winkelmann, R.K.2
  • 192
    • 0017935265 scopus 로고
    • Response of generalized granuloma annulare to alkylating agents
    • Kossard, S., Winkelmann, R.K., Response of generalized granuloma annulare to alkylating agents. Arch Dermatol 114 (1978), 216–220.
    • (1978) Arch Dermatol , vol.114 , pp. 216-220
    • Kossard, S.1    Winkelmann, R.K.2
  • 193
    • 0018614598 scopus 로고
    • Disseminated granuloma annulare treated with low-dose chlorambucil
    • Rudolph, R.I., Disseminated granuloma annulare treated with low-dose chlorambucil. Arch Dermatol 115 (1979), 1212–1213.
    • (1979) Arch Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 1212-1213
    • Rudolph, R.I.1
  • 194
    • 0020532211 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare treated with chlorambucil: an 18-month follow-up
    • Mutasim, D., Karban, A.K., Granuloma annulare treated with chlorambucil: an 18-month follow-up. Arch Dermatol 119 (1983), 451–452.
    • (1983) Arch Dermatol , vol.119 , pp. 451-452
    • Mutasim, D.1    Karban, A.K.2
  • 195
    • 0020518357 scopus 로고
    • Response of generalized granuloma annulare to high-dose niacinamide
    • Ma, A., Medenica, M., Response of generalized granuloma annulare to high-dose niacinamide. Arch Dermatol 119 (1983), 836–839.
    • (1983) Arch Dermatol , vol.119 , pp. 836-839
    • Ma, A.1    Medenica, M.2
  • 196
    • 0023887576 scopus 로고
    • A case of generalized granuloma annulare responding to hydroxychloroquine
    • Frankel, D.H., Medenica, M.M., Lorincz, A.L., A case of generalized granuloma annulare responding to hydroxychloroquine. Cleve Clin J Med, 55, 1988, 117.
    • (1988) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.55 , pp. 117
    • Frankel, D.H.1    Medenica, M.M.2    Lorincz, A.L.3
  • 197
    • 84055192025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare responsive to oral calcitriol
    • Boyd, A.S., Granuloma annulare responsive to oral calcitriol. Int J Dermatol 51 (2012), 120–122.
    • (2012) Int J Dermatol , vol.51 , pp. 120-122
    • Boyd, A.S.1
  • 198
    • 39849086943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare: dramatically altered appearance after application of 5% imiquimod cream
    • Stephenson, S., Nedorost, S., Granuloma annulare: dramatically altered appearance after application of 5% imiquimod cream. Pediatr Dermatol 25 (2008), 138–139.
    • (2008) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.25 , pp. 138-139
    • Stephenson, S.1    Nedorost, S.2
  • 199
    • 30644478645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of granuloma annulare with imiquimod cream 5%: a report of four cases
    • Badavanis, G., Monastirli, A., Pasmatzi, E., Tsambaos, D., Successful treatment of granuloma annulare with imiquimod cream 5%: a report of four cases. Acta Derm Venereol 85 (2005), 547–548.
    • (2005) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.85 , pp. 547-548
    • Badavanis, G.1    Monastirli, A.2    Pasmatzi, E.3    Tsambaos, D.4
  • 200
    • 0041821998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of granuloma annulare with topical 5% imiquimod cream
    • Kuwahara, R.T., Naylor, M.F., Skinner, R.B., Treatment of granuloma annulare with topical 5% imiquimod cream. Pediatr Dermatol, 20, 2003, 90.
    • (2003) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.20 , pp. 90
    • Kuwahara, R.T.1    Naylor, M.F.2    Skinner, R.B.3
  • 201
    • 0036657043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare resolved with topical application of imiquimod
    • Kuwahara, R.T., Skinner, R.B. Jr., Granuloma annulare resolved with topical application of imiquimod. Pediatr Dermatol 19 (2002), 368–371.
    • (2002) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.19 , pp. 368-371
    • Kuwahara, R.T.1    Skinner, R.B.2
  • 203
    • 70349513794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare of childhood successfully treated with potent topical corticosteroids previously unresponsive to tacrolimus ointment 0.1%: report of three cases
    • Rallis, E., Stavropoulou, E., Korfitis, C., Granuloma annulare of childhood successfully treated with potent topical corticosteroids previously unresponsive to tacrolimus ointment 0.1%: report of three cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 34 (2009), e475–e476.
    • (2009) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.34 , pp. e475-e476
    • Rallis, E.1    Stavropoulou, E.2    Korfitis, C.3
  • 204
    • 70449467258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus 0.1% and granuloma annulare: description of three cases
    • Grieco, T., Cantisani, C., Faina, P., et al. Tacrolimus 0.1% and granuloma annulare: description of three cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 23 (2009), 1445–1446.
    • (2009) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.23 , pp. 1445-1446
    • Grieco, T.1    Cantisani, C.2    Faina, P.3
  • 205
    • 3042700159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with topical tacrolimus
    • Jain, S., Stephens, C.J., Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with topical tacrolimus. Br J Dermatol 150 (2004), 1042–1043.
    • (2004) Br J Dermatol , vol.150 , pp. 1042-1043
    • Jain, S.1    Stephens, C.J.2
  • 206
    • 2342453893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical tacrolimus in granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica
    • Harth, W., Linse, R., Topical tacrolimus in granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica. Br J Dermatol 150 (2004), 792–794.
    • (2004) Br J Dermatol , vol.150 , pp. 792-794
    • Harth, W.1    Linse, R.2
  • 207
    • 0023692904 scopus 로고
    • Resolution of cutaneous lesions of granuloma annulare by intralesional injection of human fibroblast interferon
    • Baba, T., Hoshino, M., Uyeno, K., Resolution of cutaneous lesions of granuloma annulare by intralesional injection of human fibroblast interferon. Arch Dermatol 124 (1988), 1015–1016.
    • (1988) Arch Dermatol , vol.124 , pp. 1015-1016
    • Baba, T.1    Hoshino, M.2    Uyeno, K.3
  • 208
    • 0031876919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of granuloma annulare by local injections with low-dose recombinant human interferon gamma
    • Weiss, J.M., Muchenberger, S., Schopf, E., Simon, J.C., Treatment of granuloma annulare by local injections with low-dose recombinant human interferon gamma. J Am Acad Dermatol 39 (1998), 117–119.
    • (1998) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.39 , pp. 117-119
    • Weiss, J.M.1    Muchenberger, S.2    Schopf, E.3    Simon, J.C.4
  • 209
    • 33645959209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare in a patient with type II diabetes mellitus: successful treatment with isotretinoin
    • Sahin, M.T., Turel-Ermertcan, A., Ozturkcan, S., Turkdogan, P., Generalized granuloma annulare in a patient with type II diabetes mellitus: successful treatment with isotretinoin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20 (2006), 111–114.
    • (2006) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.20 , pp. 111-114
    • Sahin, M.T.1    Turel-Ermertcan, A.2    Ozturkcan, S.3    Turkdogan, P.4
  • 210
    • 1242338970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotretinoin in the treatment of granuloma annulare
    • Looney, M., Smith, K.M., Isotretinoin in the treatment of granuloma annulare. Ann Pharmacother 38 (2004), 494–497.
    • (2004) Ann Pharmacother , vol.38 , pp. 494-497
    • Looney, M.1    Smith, K.M.2
  • 212
    • 0036845114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of chronic generalized granuloma annulare with isotretinoin
    • Adams, D.C., Hogan, D.J., Improvement of chronic generalized granuloma annulare with isotretinoin. Arch Dermatol 138 (2002), 1518–1519.
    • (2002) Arch Dermatol , vol.138 , pp. 1518-1519
    • Adams, D.C.1    Hogan, D.J.2
  • 213
    • 0033848996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granuloma annulare following waxing induced pseudofolliculitis-resolution with isotretinoin
    • Young, H.S., Coulson, I.H., Granuloma annulare following waxing induced pseudofolliculitis-resolution with isotretinoin. Clin Exp Dermatol 25 (2000), 274–276.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.25 , pp. 274-276
    • Young, H.S.1    Coulson, I.H.2
  • 214
    • 0028890782 scopus 로고
    • Perforating granuloma annulare: response to treatment with isotretinoin
    • Ratnavel, R.C., Norris, P.G., Perforating granuloma annulare: response to treatment with isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol 32 (1995), 126–127.
    • (1995) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.32 , pp. 126-127
    • Ratnavel, R.C.1    Norris, P.G.2
  • 215
    • 0026719952 scopus 로고
    • Disseminated granuloma annulare: resolution with etretinate therapy
    • Botella-Estrada, R., Guillen, C., Sanmartin, O., Aliaga, A., Disseminated granuloma annulare: resolution with etretinate therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 26:5 pt 1 (1992), 777–778.
    • (1992) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 777-778
    • Botella-Estrada, R.1    Guillen, C.2    Sanmartin, O.3    Aliaga, A.4
  • 216
    • 0029947007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolution of generalized granuloma annulare with isotretinoin therapy
    • Tang, W.Y., Chong, L.Y., Lo, K.K., Resolution of generalized granuloma annulare with isotretinoin therapy. Int J Dermatol 35 (1996), 455–456.
    • (1996) Int J Dermatol , vol.35 , pp. 455-456
    • Tang, W.Y.1    Chong, L.Y.2    Lo, K.K.3
  • 217
    • 34250375965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of generalized granuloma annulare with myelodysplastic syndrome: successful treatment with systemic isotretinoin and topical pimecrolimus 1% cream combination
    • Baskan, E.B., Turan, A., Tunali, S., A case of generalized granuloma annulare with myelodysplastic syndrome: successful treatment with systemic isotretinoin and topical pimecrolimus 1% cream combination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21 (2007), 693–695.
    • (2007) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.21 , pp. 693-695
    • Baskan, E.B.1    Turan, A.2    Tunali, S.3
  • 218
    • 33646481219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized granuloma annulare treated with short-term administration of etretinate
    • Asano, Y., Saito, A., Idezuki, T., Igarashi, A., Generalized granuloma annulare treated with short-term administration of etretinate. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:5 suppl (2006), S245–S247.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. S245-S247
    • Asano, Y.1    Saito, A.2    Idezuki, T.3    Igarashi, A.4
  • 219
    • 5444229956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disseminated granuloma annulare resolved with the T-cell modulator efalizumab
    • Goffe, B.S., Disseminated granuloma annulare resolved with the T-cell modulator efalizumab. Arch Dermatol 140 (2004), 1287–1288.
    • (2004) Arch Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 1287-1288
    • Goffe, B.S.1
  • 220
    • 0030922780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical pearl: surgical treatment of tumor-sized granuloma annulare of the fingers
    • Shelley, W.B., Shelley, E.D., Surgical pearl: surgical treatment of tumor-sized granuloma annulare of the fingers. J Am Acad Dermatol 37:3 pt 1 (1997), 473–474.
    • (1997) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 473-474
    • Shelley, W.B.1    Shelley, E.D.2
  • 221
    • 57649140494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical management and outcome of scalp subcutaneous granuloma annulare in children: case report
    • discussion E1002
    • Jankowski, P.P., Krishna, P.H., Rutledge, J.C., Waldhausen, J., Avellino, A.M., Surgical management and outcome of scalp subcutaneous granuloma annulare in children: case report. Neurosurgery, 63, 2008, E1002 discussion E1002.
    • (2008) Neurosurgery , vol.63 , pp. E1002
    • Jankowski, P.P.1    Krishna, P.H.2    Rutledge, J.C.3    Waldhausen, J.4    Avellino, A.M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.