The Moral Basis of Humanitarian Intervention

Ethics and International Affairs

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 57-70

  Nardin, Terry ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85014778472     PISSN: 08926794     EISSN: 17477093     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00375.x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Mishneh Torah XI, 5, 1, 14, glossing Leviticus 19:16, as translated by Hyman Klein in The Code of $, Book Eleven: The Book $, Yale Judaica Series, vol. 9 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954), p. 198.
2. The Secretary-General's Annual Report to the General Assembly, September 20, 1999 (UN Press Release SG/SM 7136 and GA 9596).
3. Also published as “Two Concepts of Sovereignty,” Economist, September 18, 1999.
4. Alan Donagan, The Theory $ Morality(Chicago: University of Chica go Press, 1977; reprinted with cor rections, 1979).
5. Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summary of Theology II-II, Q. 40, a. 1, in On Law, Morality, and Politics,ed.William P. Baumgarth and Richard J. Regan,S. J. (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1988), p. 221.
6. Augustine, Questions on the $ 6.10, quoted by Aquinas, On Law, Morality, and Politics, p. 221.
7. Thomas More, Utopia (1516), ed. George M. Logan and Robert M.Adams (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 87–88.
8. James Muldoon, Popes, Lawyers, and Infidels: The Church and the Non-Christian World 1250–1550 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979), pp. 10–11, 12.
9. Francisco de Vitoria, “On Dietary Laws, or Self-Restraint” (1537),in Political Writings, ed. Anthony Pag-den and Jeremy Lawrance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 230.
10. Political Writings., pp. 225–226
11. Vitoria, “On the American Indians” (1539), in Political Writings, ed. Pagden and Lawrance, p. 288.
12. Bartolomé de las Casas, In Defense of the Indians (1552), trans.Stafford Poole (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1992), p. 207.
13. Hugo Grotius, De jure praedae (1604), published in English as Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty, trans. Gwladys L. Williams (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1950), p. 10.
14. published in English as Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty., p. 315.
15. Richard Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 93–94.
16. Hugo Grotius, De jure $ ac pacis(1625),On the Law of War and Peace, 1646 edition trans. Francis W. Kelsey (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925), pp. 504–506.
17. On the Law of War and Peace., p. 508.
18. Samuel von Pufen dorf, Of the Law of Na tu re and Nations (1672), trans.C.H. Oldfather and W. A. Oldfather (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934), p. 847. I have modernized the spelling and punctuation.
19. Samuel von Pufendorf, On the Duty of Man and Citizen, ed. James Tully (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 170.
20. Christian von Wolff, The Law of Nations Treated According to a Scientific Method (1748), trans. Joseph D. Drake (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934),section 637; sections 258 and 1011.
21. Emmerich de Vattel, The Law of Nations,or Principles of Natural Law Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns(1758),trans.Charles G.Fenwick (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution, 1916), p. 131; see also p. 340.
22. The Law of Nations,or Principles of Natural Law Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns., p. 116.
23. J. S. Mill, Dissertations and Discussions 2nd ed.(London: Longmans, 1867), vol. 3, pp. 153–78. The essay was first published in 1859.
24. William Edward Hall, A Treatise on International Law, 6th ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1909), pp. 284, 287–88, 285 n.
25. Immanuel Kant, Foundations of the $ of Morals (1785), trans. Lewis White Beck (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1959), pp. 66–67.
26. Donagan, The Theory of Morality, p. 1.
27. My sketch of common morality draws freely on Donagan and on Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
28. On the connection between the arguments of these works,see Joseph Boyle,“Casuistry and the Boundaries of the Moral World,” Ethics & International Affairs 11 (1997), pp. 83–98.
29. Two recent and especially cogent explorations of the relationship between universal and communal moral views are Amartya Sen,“Human Rights and Asian Values,”
30. Michael Walzer, “Universalism and Jewish Values,” the Sixteenth and Twentieth Morgenthau Memorial Lectures on Ethics and Foreign Policy (New York: Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, 1997 and 2001).
31. Grotius offers a statement of this distinction in Christian tradition when he writes that in the “holy law” of the New Testament,“a greater degree of moral perfection is enjoined upon us than the law of nature … would require.” Law of War and Peace, p. 27.
32. Donagan, The Theory of Morality pp. 85–87.
33. The Theory of Morality., p. 86.
34. Jerome Slater and Terry Nardin,“Nonintervention and Human Rights,”Journal of Politics 48 (1986), pp. 86–96.
35. Vitoria, “On the American Indians,” p. 288.
36. For criticism of the traditional definition,see Oliver Ramsbotham and Tom Woodhouse, Humanitarian Intervention in Contemporary Conflict (Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press, 1996), pp. 113–114.
37. Stephen A.Garrett, Doing Good and Doing Well: An Examination of Humanitarian Intervention (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1999), chap. 7.
38. Fernando R.Tesón, A Philosophy of International Law (Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1998), p. 59.
39. Nicholas J. Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Inter vention in International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 110.
40. Walzer provides a clear explanation of the principle of discrimination, and related ideas like double effect and due care, in Just and Unjust Wars, pp. 151–159.
41. Walzer, in his preface to the third edition of Just and Unjust Wars (2000), agrees that intervention is an “imperfect duty,” but he is bitter about it: “The massacres go on,and every country that is able to stop them decides that it has more urgent tasks” (p. xiii).
42. Immanuel Kant, Political Writings, 2nd ed., ed. Hans Reiss (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).