Male Rape: The Emergence of a Social and Legal Issue

Male Rape: The Emergence of a Social and Legal Issue

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-265

  Abdullah Khan, Noreen ^a  

^a GULF UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Kuwait)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85014736066     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230227651     Document Type: Book

References (375)

1. Abel GG, Becker JV and Skinner LJ (1980) 'Aggressive Behaviour and Sex' Psychiatric Clinics of North America 3: 133-151.
2. Adler Z (1987) Rape on Trial London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
3. Adler Z (1993) 'Male victims of sexual assault: Legal issues' in Mezey GC and King MB (eds) Male Victims of Sexual Assault Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Aichhorn A (1963) Wayward Youth New York: Viking.
5. Allport GW (1963) Forward in Farberow NL (ed.) Taboo Topics New York: Prentice-Hall.
6. Almanac K (2000) 'Male rape is a feminist issue' http://katesfeminist.info/almanac/ greer.html. Accessed: March 2002.
7. Almanac K (2001) 'Male rape is a feminist issue' http://katesfeminist.info/almanac/ greer.html. Accessed: March 2001.
8. Amir M (1971) Patterns in Forcible Rape Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9. Anderson L (1999) 'Characterological and behavioural blame in conversations about female and male rape' Journal of Language and Social Psychology 18 (4): 377-394.
10. Archer J (ed.) (1994) Male Violence London: Routledge.
11. Bancroft J (1980) 'Psychophysiology of sexual dysfunction' in Van Praag HH, Lader MH, Rafaelsen OJ and Sachar EJ (eds) Handbook of Biological Psychiatry 3 (359-392) New York: Marcel Dekker.
12. Bandura A (1983) 'Psychological mechanisms of aggression' in Green RG and Donnerstein EI (eds) Aggression: Theoretical and Empirical Reviews 1(1): 1-40.
13. Barrett M (1980) Women's oppression today: Problems in Marxist feminist analysis' in Humm M (ed.) (1992) Feminisms: A Reader Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
14. Barrett M and McIntosh M (1982) The Anti-Social Family London: Verso.
15. Bart PB (1979) 'Rape as a paradigm of sexism in society-victimisation and its discontents' Women's Studies International Quarterly 2: 347-357.
16. Bartol CR (1995) Criminal Behaviour: A Psychosocial Approach New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
17. Benedict H (1992) Virgin or Vamp: How the Press Covers Sex Crimes New York: Oxford University Press.
18. Berrill KT (1990) 'Antigay violence and victimisation in the United States: An overview' Journal of Interpersonal Violence 5: 274-294.
19. Berrill KT (1992) 'Organising against hate on campus: Strategies for activists' in Berrill KT and Herek GM (eds) Hate Crimes: Confronting Violence against Lesbians and Gay Men London: Sage.
20. Berrill KT and Herek GM (eds) (1992) Hate Crimes: Confronting Violence against Lesbians and Gay Men London: Sage.
21. Beynon J (1989) 'A school for men: An ethnographic case study of routine violence in schooling' in Barton L and Walker S (eds) Politics and the Processes of Schooling Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
22. Blanchard WH (1959) 'The group process in gang rape' The Journal of Social Psychology 49: 259-266.
23. Bly R (1990) Iron John: A Book about Men Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
24. Bowker L (1983) 'Marital rape: A distinct syndrome?' Social Casework 64 (6): 347-352.
25. Box S (1987) Recession, Crime and Punishment London: Macmillan.
26. Brecht B (1965) Threepenny Novel trans. Desmond I. Vesey Harmondsworth: Penguin.
27. Brod H (1994) 'Some thoughts on some histories of some masculinities' in Brod H and Kaufman M (eds) Theorising Masculinities London: Sage.
28. Brown J (1998) 'Aspects of discriminatory treatment of women police officers serving in forces in England and Wales' British Journal of Criminology 38 (2): 265-282.
29. Brownmiller S (1975) Against Our Will - Men, Women and Rape London: Penguin Books Reprinted 1976 and 1986.
30. Bryant L, Dunkerley D and Kelland G (1985) 'One of the boys' Policing 1: 4.
31. Bryson V (1992) Feminist Political Theory: An Introduction London: Macmillan.
32. Buffum PC (1982) 'Racial factors in prison homosexuality' in Scacco AM (ed.) Male Rape: A Casebook of Sexual Aggression New York: Ams Press.
33. Burgess AW (1995) 'Rape trauma syndrome' in Searles P and Berger RJ (eds) Rape and society: Readings on the Problem of Sexual Assault Oxford: Westview Press.
34. Burgess AW and Holmstrom LL (1974) 'Rape trauma syndrome' American Journal of Psychiatry 131 (9): 981-986.
35. Burt MR (1980) Cultural myths and supports for rape' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38: 217-230.
36. Buzawa ES and Buzawa CG (1990) Domestic Violence: The Criminal Justice Response Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
37. Caine B (1982) 'Feminism, suffrage and the nineteenth century English women's movement' in Sarah E (ed.) (1982) Reassessments of 'First Wave' Feminism Oxford: Pergamon Press.
38. Canaan JE (1998) 'Is "doing nothing" just boys' play? Integrating feminist and cultural Studies perspectives on working class young men's masculinity' in Daly K and Maher L (eds) Criminology at the Crossroads: Feminist Readings in Crime and Justice Oxford: Oxford University Press.
39. Canter D and Hodge S (1998) 'Victims and perpetrators of males sexual assault' Journal of Interpersonal Violence April 13(2): 222-239.
40. Canter D and Strichland S (1975) TV Violence and the Child: The Evolution and Fate of the Surgeon General's Report New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
41. Card R and Ward R (1994) The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 London: Jordan Publishing.
42. Carlen P (1996) Jigsaw: The Politics of Youth Homelessness Buckingham: Open University Press.
43. Carpenter JA and Armenti NP (1972) 'Some effects of ethanol on human sexual and aggressive behaviour' in Hessin B and Begleiter H (eds) The Biology of Alcoholism (2) New York: Plenum.
44. Carrigan T, Connell RW and Lee J (1985) 'Toward a new sociology of masculinity' Theory and Society 14 (5): 551-604.
45. Carroll L (1982) 'Humanitarian reform and biracial sexual assault in a maximum security prison' in Scacco AM (ed.) Male Rape: A Casebook of Sexual Aggression New York: Ams Press.
46. Chambers G and Millar A (1983) Investigating Sexual Assault A Scottish Office Research Study Edingburgh: HMSO.
47. Chambers G and Millar A (1987) 'Proving sexual assault: prosecuting the offender or persecuting the victim' in Carlen P and Worral S (eds) Gender Crime and Justice Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
48. Chatterton M (1987) 'Assessing police effectiveness: Future prospects' British Journal of Criminology 27(1): 80-86.
49. Christian H (1994) The Making of Anti-Sexist Men London: Routledge.
50. Clark L and Lewis D (1977) Rape: The price of coercive sexuality Toronto: Women's Press.
51. Clark L and Lewis D (1995) 'Women, property and rape' in Caffrey S and Mundy G (eds) The Sociology of Crime and Deviance: Selected Issues Dartford: Greenwich University Press.
52. Cleckley H (1976) The Mask of Sanity: An attempt to clarify some issues about the so-called psychopathic Personality 5th edn London: Kimpton.
53. Cloward RA and Ohlin LE (1960) Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs Glencoe III: Free Press.
54. Codd H (1996) 'The treatment of complainants' New Law Journal 29 March: 447.
55. Cohen S (1972) Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The creation of the mods and rockers London: MacGibbon and Kee.
56. Cohen M, Garofalo R, Boucher R and Seghorn T (1971) 'The psychology of rapists' Seminars in Psychiatry 3: 307-327.
57. Cohen S and Young J (1973) The Manufacture of News: Deviance, Social Problems and the Mass Media London: Constable.
58. Cole (1993) 14 Cr. App. R. (s) 764 at 765 in Rumney P and Taylor MM (1996).
59. Collier R (1995) Masculinity Law and the Family London: Routledge.
60. Coltrane S (1994) 'Theorising masculinities in contemporary Social Science' in Brod H and Kaufman M (eds) Theorising Masculinities London: Sage.
61. Comstock GD (1989) Victims of antigay/lesbian violence Journal of Interpersonal Violence 4: 101-106.
62. Connell RW (1987) Gender and Power Stanford: Stanford University Press.
63. Connell RW (1995) 'Masculinity, violence and war' in Kimmel MS and Messner MA (eds) Men's Lives New York: Allyn and Bacon.
64. Corbett C and Maguire M (1987) The Effects of Crime and the Work of Victim Support Schemes Aldershot: Gower.
65. Cott N (1990) 'On men's history and women's history' in Carnes MC and Griffen C (eds) Meanings for Manhood: Constructions of Masculinity in Victorian America Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
66. Coxell AW, King MB, Mezey GC and Kell P (2000) Sexual molestation of men: Interviews with 224 men attending a genitourinary medicine service. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 11: 574-578.
67. Craib I (1987) 'Masculinity and male dominance' The Sociological Review 35(4): 721-743.
68. Criminal Law Revision Committee (1984) 'Fifteenth Report on Sexual Offences' London: HMSO.
69. Croall H (1998) Crime and Society in Britain Essex: Addison Wesley Longman.
70. Cuklanz LM (1996) Rape on Trial: How the Mass Media Construct Legal Reform and Social Change Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
71. Daly M and Wilson M (1988) Homicide New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
72. Daly M and Wilson M (1994) 'Evolutionary psychology of male violence' in Archer J (ed.) Male Violence London: Sage.
73. Daly M and Wilson M (1998b) 'The evolutionary social psychology of family violence' in Crawford C and Krebs DL (eds) Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology: Ideas, Issues and Applications London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
74. Davies M (2002) 'Male sexual assault victims: A selective review of the literature and implications for support services'. Aggressive and Violent Behaviour, A Review Journal 7: 203-214.
75. Davies M and McCartney S (2003) 'Effects of gender and sexuality on judgements of victim blame and rape myth acceptance in a depicted male rape' Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 13: 391-398.
76. Davies M, Pollard P and Archer J (2001) 'The influence of victim gender and sexual orientation on judgements of the victim in a depicted stranger rape' Violence and Victims Vol. 16(6): 607-619.
77. Davies M and Rogers P. (2006) 'Perceptions of male victims in depicted sexual assaults: A review of the literature' Aggression and Violent Behaviour, A Review Journal 11: 357-367.
78. Davies S (1998) 'Just a passing attraction: The Tasty Club raid and the vanishing homosexual' in Howe A (ed.) Sexed Crime in the News Maryborough Vic: The Federation Press.
79. Davis A (1981) Women, Race and Class New York: Random House.
80. Davis AJ (1968) 'Sexual assaults in the Philadelphia prison system and sheriff's vans' in Scacco AM (ed.) (1982) Male Rape: A Casebook of Sexual Aggression New York: Ams Press.
81. Delgado R and Stefancic J (1995) 'Minority men misery and the marketplace of ideas' in Berger M, Wallis B and Watson S (eds) Constructing Masculinities London: Routledge.
82. Dispatches Male Rape (1995) in Gregory J and Lees S (1999) Policing Sexual Assault London: Routledge (These were the researchers who did the programme then printed the findings in their 1999 work.)
83. Doan L and Levy R (1983) 'Male sexual assault' Journal of Emergency Medicine 1: 45-49.
84. Dobash RE and Dobash RP (1979) Violence against Wives: A Case against Patriarchy New York: Free Press.
85. Dobash RE and Dobash RP (eds) (1998) Rethinking Violence against Women London: Sage.
86. Donat PLN and D'Emilio J (1997) 'A Feminist redefinition of rape and sexual assault: Historical foundations and change' in O'Toole L and Schiffman JR (eds) Gender Violence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives New York: New York University Press.
87. Donnelly DA and Kenyon S (1996) 'Honey we don't do men: Gender stereotypes and the provision of services to sexually assaulted males' Journal of Interpersonal Violence 11 (3): 441-448.
88. Downes D and Rock P (1988) Understanding Deviance 2nd edn Oxford: Clarendon Press.
89. Drapkin I (1976) 'The prison inmate as victim' Victimology: An International Journal 1(1): 98-106.
90. Du Cann CGL (1960) Miscarriage of Justice London: F. Muller.
91. Dumond RW (2000) 'Inmate sexual assault: The plague that persists' The Prison Journal 80 (4): 407-414.
92. Dworkin A (1981) Pornography: Men Possessing Women London: Women's Press.
93. Dyson G (2005) 'Approaches to examining bullying among young offenders within an institutional environment: Triangulation of questionnaires and focus groups' in Jane Ireland (ed.) (2005) Bullying among Prisoners Innovations in Research and Theory. Devon: Willan Publishing.
94. Edgar K and O'Donnell I (1998) 'Assault in prison: The victim's contribution' British Journal of Criminology 38 (4): 635-650.
95. Edley N and Wetherell M (1995) Men in Perspective: Practice Power and Identity London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
96. Edwards S (1981) Female Sexuality and the Law Oxford: Robertson.
97. Edwards S (1989) Policing 'Domestic' Violence London: Sage.
98. Ehrlich HJ (1992) 'The ecology of antigay violence' in Berrill KT and Herek GM (eds) Hate Crimes: Confronting Violence Against Lesbians and Gay Men London: Sage.
99. Elias R (1985) 'Transcending our social reality of victimisation: Towards a new victimology of human rights' Victimology 10: 6-25.
100. Ellis L (1989) Theories of Rape: Inquiries into the Causes of sexual aggression London: Hemisphere Publishing Company.
101. Estrich S (1987) Real Rape Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
102. Etherington K (1996) 'Therapeutic issues for sexually abused adult males' Counselling August: 224-228.
103. Evans J (1995) Feminist Theory Today: An Introduction to Second-Wave Feminism London: Sage.
104. Fairstein LA (1993) Sexual Violence: Our War against Rape New York: William Morrow.
105. Faizey M (1994) 'Let down by the law' Guardian 20 August.
106. Farley N (1996) 'A survey of factors contributing to gay and lesbian domestic violence' in Renzetti CM and Miley CH (eds) Violence in Gay and Lesbian Domestic Partnerships New York: Harrington Park Press.
107. Fattah EA (1994) 'Some recent theoretical trends in victimology' in Rock P (ed.) Victimology Aldershot: Dartmouth.
108. Feldman P (1993) The Psychology of Crime Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
109. Ferraro KF (1996) 'Women's fear of victimisation: Shadow of sexual assault'. Social Forces 75: 667-690.
110. Finkelhor D and Yllo K (1985) Licence to Rape: Sexual Abuse of Wives New York: Holt Rhinerhart.
111. Fontana A and Frey JH (2000) 'The interview' in Denzin NK and Lincoln YS (eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research 2nd edn London: Sage.
112. Forman BD (1982) 'Reported male rape' Victimology 7: 235-236.
113. Franklin K (1998) 'Unassuming motivations: Contextualising the narratives of antigay assailants' in Herek GM (ed.) Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding Prejudice against Lesbians, Gay Men and Bisexuals Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Issues (4) London: Sage.
114. Frazier PA (1990) 'Victim attributions and post-rape trauma' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59(2): 298-304.
115. Frazier PA (1993) 'A comparative study of male and female rape victims seen at a hospital-based Rape Crisis Program' Journal of Interpersonal Violence March 8(1): 19-38.
116. Frazier PA and Schauben L (1994) 'Casual attribution and recovery from rape and other stressful life events' Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 13: 1-14.
117. Freedman EB (1989) 'Uncontrolled desires: The response to the sexual psychopath 1920-1960' in Peiss K and Simmons C (eds) Passion and Power: Sexuality in History Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
118. Frieze I (1983) 'Investigating the causes and consequences of marital rape' Signs 8(3): 532-553.
119. Fulcher J and Scott J (1999) Sociology Oxford: Oxford University Press.
120. Garofalo J and Martin SE (1993) Bias-Motivated Crimes: Their Characteristics and the Law Enforcement Response Carbondale: Southern Illinois University.
121. Gelsthorpe L (1990) Feminist methodologies in criminology: A new approach or old wine in new bottles?' in Gelsthorpe L and Morris A (eds) (1990) Feminist Perspectives in Criminology Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
122. Gelsthorpe L and McWilliam W (eds) (1993) Minority Ethnic Groups and the Criminal Justice System Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
123. Genders E and Player E (1989) Race Relations in Prisons Oxford: Clarendon Press.
124. Gibbens TCN (1963) Psychiatric Studies of Borstal Lads London: Oxford University Press.
125. Gibson WJ (1991) 'Feminist ideas about masculinity' American Quarterly 43(1): 128-133.
126. Gilbert P (1994), 'Male violence: Towards an integration' in Archer J (ed.) Male Violence London: Routledge.
127. Gillespie T (1996) 'Rape crisis centres and "male rape": A face of the backlash' in Hester M, Kelly L and Radford J (eds) Women Violence and Male Power Buckingham: Open University Press.
128. Gilmore TC (1990) Manhood in the Making New Haven: Yale University Press.
129. Goffman E (1963) Stigma New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
130. Goodey J (1997) 'Boys don't cry: Masculinities, fear of crime and fearlessness' British Journal of Criminology 37(3): 401-418.
131. Gottschalk LA and Bechtel RJ (1993) Psychological and Neuropsychiatric Assessment Applying the Gottschalk-Bechtel Computer Scoring System Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden.
132. Goyer PF and Eddleman HC (1984) 'Same sex rape of non-incarcerated men' American Journal of Psychiatry 141(4): 576-579.
133. Gregory J (1986) 'Sex class and crime: towards a non-sexist criminology' in Matthews R and Young J (eds) Confronting Crime London: Sage.
134. Gregory J and Lees S (1996) 'Attrition in rape and sexual assault cases' The British Journal of Criminology 36(1): 1-17.
135. Gregory J and Lees S (1999) Policing Sexual Assault London: Routledge.
136. Griffin S (1971) 'Rape: The all-American crime' Ramparts 10: 26-35.
137. Groth AN and Burgess AW (1980) 'Male Rape: Offenders and victims' American Journal of Psychiatry July 137(7): 806-810.
138. Gunby P (1981) 'Sexual behaviour in an abnormal situation' Medical News 245: 215-220.
139. Guttmacher M and Weihofen H (1952) Psychiatry and the Law New York: Norton.
140. Hanmer J (1978) 'Violence and the social control of women' in Littlejohn G, Smart B, Wakeford J and Yuval-Davis N (eds) Power and the State London: Croom Helm.
141. Hanmer J and Maynard M (1987) Women Violence and Social Control London: Macmillan.
142. Hanmer J and Saunders S (1984) Well-Founded Fear London: Macmillan.
143. Hanmer J, Radford J and Stanko EA (eds) (1989) Women, Policing and Male Violence: International Perspectives London: Routledge.
144. Harry J (1992) 'Conceptualising anti-gay violence' in Herek GM and Berrill KT (eds) Hate Crimes: Confronting Violence against Lesbians and Gay Men London: Sage.
145. Hearn J (1987) The Gender of Oppression: Men Masculinity and the Critique of Marxism Brighton: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
146. Hearn J (1996) 'Men's violence to known women: historical everyday and theoretical constructions by men' in Fawcett B, Featherstone B, Hearn J and Toft C (eds) Violence and Gender Relations: Theories and Interventions London: Sage.
147. Heidensohn F (1985) Women and Crime Basingstoke: Macmillan.
148. Heidensohn F (1992) Women in Control? The Role of Women in Law Enforcement Oxford: Oxford University Press.
149. Herman DF (1984) 'The rape culture' in Freeman J (ed.) Women: A Feminist Perspective California: Mayfield.
150. Hickson FCI, Davies PM, Hunt AJ, Weatherburn P, McManus TJ and Coxon APM (1994) 'Gay men as victims of nonconsensual sex' Archives of Sexual Behavior 23(3): 281-284.
151. Hillman RJ (1990) 'Sexual assault of men: A series' Genitourinary Medicine 66: 247-250.
152. Hillman RJ, O'Mara N, Taylor-Robinson D, Harris JRW (1990) 'Medical and social aspects of sexual assault of males: a survey of 100 victims' British Journal of General Practice 40: 502-504.
153. Holmes RM (1991) Sex Crimes London: Sage.
154. hooks B (1987) 'Feminism: A movement to end sexist oppression' in Kemp S and Squires J (eds) (1997) Feminisms Oxford: Oxford University Press.
155. Hooten EA (1939) The American Criminal: An Anthropological Study Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
156. Horney K (1973) 'The problem of feminine machochism' in Miller J (ed.) Psychoanalysis and Women New York: Brunner/Mazel.
157. Hough M (1987) 'Thinking about effectiveness' British Journal of Criminology 27(1): 70-79.
158. Howitt D (1998) Crime, the Media and the Law Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
159. Huckle PL (1995) 'Male rape victims referred to a forensic psychiatric service' Medicine Science and the Law July 35(3): 187-192.
160. Humm M (ed.) (1992) Feminisms: A Reader Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
161. Ireland J (ed.) (2005) Bullying among Prisoners: Innovations in Theory and Research Cullompton: Willan.
162. Isely PJ and Gehrenbeck-Shim D (1997) 'Sexual assault of men in the community' Journal of Community Psychology 25(2): 159-166.
163. Island D and Letellier P (1991) Men Who Beat the Men Who Love Them New York: Harrington Park Press.
164. Jacobs JB and Potter K (1998) Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics Oxford: Oxford University Press.
165. Jefferson T (1987) 'Beyond paramilitarism' British Journal of Criminology 27(1): 47-53.
166. Jefferson T (1996) 'Introduction' The British Journal of Criminology 36(3): 337-347.
167. Johnson N (1985) 'Police social work and medical responses to battered women' Marital Violence London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
168. Johnson RL and Shrier D (1987) 'Post sexual victimisation by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population' American Journal of Psychiatry 144(5): 650-652.
169. Jones T, MacLean B and Young J (1986) The Islington Crime Survey Aldershot: Gower.
170. Jukes A (1993) Why Men Hate Women London: Free Association Books.
171. Kahn R and Cannell CF (1957) The Dynamics of Interviewing New York: John Wiley.
172. Kanin EJ (1967) 'Reference groups and sex conduct norm violations' The Sociological Quarterly 8: 495-504.
173. Kanin EJ (1984) 'Date rape: Unofficial criminals and victims' Victimology: An International Journal 9: 95-108.
174. Karmen A (1990) Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology Pacific Grove CS: Brooks Cole.
175. Karmen A (2001) Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology 5th edn Belmont CA: Wadsworth.
176. Karpman B (1951) 'The sexual psychopath' Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 42: 184-198.
177. Kassing IR and Prieto LR (2003) 'The rape myth and blame-based beliefs of counsellorsin- training toward male victims of rape' Journal of Counselling and Development 81: 455-461.
178. Kaszniak AW and Nussbaum PD (1988) 'Amnesia as a consequence of male rape: A case report' Journal of Abnormal Psychology 97 (1): 100-104.
179. Katz BL and Burt MR (1987) 'Dimensions of recovery from rape: Focus on growth outcomes' Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2: 57-81.
180. Katz J and Chambliss WJ (1991) 'Biology and crime' in Sheley JF (ed.) Criminology: A Contemporary Handbook Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
181. Kaufman A, Divasto P, Jackson R, Voorhees D and Christy J (1980) 'Male rape victims: Non-institutionalised assault' American Journal of Psychiatry February 137(2): 221-223.
182. Kaufman M (1994) 'Men, feminism and men's contradictory experiences of power' in Brod H and Kaufman M (eds) Theorising Masculinities London: Sage.
183. Kaufman M (1997) 'The construction of masculinity and the triad of men's violence' in O'Toole L and Schiffman JR (eds) Gender Violence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives New York: New York University Press.
184. Kelly J (1979) 'The double vision of feminist theory' Feminist Studies 5(1): 216-229.
185. Kelly L (1988) Surviving Sexual Violence Cambridge: Polity.
186. Kelly L and Radford J (1996) '"Nothing really happened": The invalidation of women's experiences of sexual violence' in Hester M, Kelly L and Radford J (eds) Women Violence and Male Power Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
187. Kennedy H (1992) Eve was Framed: Women and British Justice London: Chatto and Windus.
188. Kerr R and Holden B (1995) 'Belief in myths about male rape victims among university and community samples' Canadian Psychology 36(2): 213.
189. Kersten (1996) 'Culture, masculinities and violence against women' British Journal of Criminology 36(3): 381-395.
190. Kimmel MS (1994) 'Masculinity as homophobia' in Brod H and Kaufman M (eds) Theorising Masculinities London: Sage.
191. King M (1993) 'Male rape in institutional settings' in Mezey GC and King MB, Male Victims of Sexual Assault Oxford: Oxford University Press.
192. King MB (1990) 'Male rape' British Journal of Criminology December 301 (6765).
193. King MB and Woollett E (1997) 'Sexually assaulted males: 115 men consulting a counselling service' Archives of Sexual Behaviour 26: 579-588.
194. King M, Coxell A and Mezey G (2000) 'The prevalence and characteristics of male sexual assault' in King MB and Mezey GC (eds) Male Victims of Sexual Assault New York: Oxford University Press.
195. Kinsey R, Lea J and Young J (1986) Losing the Fight against Crime Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
196. Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB and Martin CE (1948) Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male Philadelphia: Saunders.
197. Knowles GJ (1999) 'Male prison rape: A search for causation and prevention' The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 38(3): 267-282.
198. Koss M and Dinero T (1989) 'A discriminant analysis of risk factors for rape among a national sample of college women' Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 57: 242-250.
199. Lanyon RI (1986) 'Theory and treatment in child molestation' Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54: 176-82.
200. Lea J (1986) 'Police racism: Some theories and their policy implications' in Matthews R and Young J (eds) Confronting Crime London: Sage.
201. Lees S (1993) 'Judicial rape' Women's Studies International Forum 16(1): 11-36.
202. Lees S (1995) 'Media reporting of rape: The 1993 British "date rape" controversy' in Kidd-Hewitt D and Osborne R (eds) Crime and the Media: The Post-Modern Spectacle London: Pluto Press.
203. Lees S (1996) Carnal Knowledge: Rape on Trial London: Hamish Hamilton.
204. Lees S (1997) Ruling Passions: Sexual Violence Reputation and the Law Buckingham: Open University Press.
205. Lehne (1976) 'Homophobia among men' in Brannon R and David DS (eds) The Forty- Nine Percent Majority: The Male Sex Role London: Addison-Wesley.
206. Leidholdt D and Raymond JG (eds) (1990) The Sexual Liberals and the Attack on Feminism Oxford: Pergamon Press.
207. Levin J and McDevitt J (1993) Hate Crimes: The Rising Tide of Bigotry and Bloodshed New York: Plenum Press.
208. Liddle MA (1996) 'State, masculinities and law: Some comments on gender and English state-formation' British Journal of Criminology 36 (3): 361-380.
209. Lindermann BS (1984) 'To ravish and carnally know': Rape in eighteenth-century Massachusetts' Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 10: 63-82.
210. Lipman-Blumen J (1984) Gender Roles and Power New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
211. Littner N (1973) 'Psychology of the sex offender: Causes, treatment, prognosis' Police Law Quarterly (3): 5-31.
212. Lockwood D (1980) Prison Sexual Violence New York: Elsevier.
213. Lombroso C (1875) Crime: Its causes and remedies Little Brown Publications reprinted (1911) and (1968) Montclair: Patterson Smith.
214. Lombroso C (1893) The Female Offender London: T. Fisher Unwin.
215. Lorenz K (1966) On Aggression London: Methuen and Co.
216. MacAndrew C and Edgerton RB (1969) Drunken Comportment: A Social Explanation Chicago: Aldine.
217. MacInnes J (1998) The End of Masculinity Buckingham: Open University Press.
218. MacKinnon CA (1982) 'Feminism, Marxism method and the state: An agenda for theory' Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7 (3): 515-44.
219. MacKinnon CA (1987) Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
220. MacKinnon CA (1990) 'Liberalism and the death of feminism' in Leidholdt D and Raymond JG (eds) Sexual Liberals and the Attack on Feminism New York: Pergamon Press.
221. Maguire M and Levi M (2002) 'Violent crime' in Maguire M, Morgan R and Reiner R (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology 3rd edn Oxford: Oxford University Press.
222. Maguire M and Pointing J (eds) (1988) Victims of Crime A New Deal? Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
223. Mariner J (2001) 'No escape: Male on male rape' Human Rights Watch www.hrw.org/ reports/2001/prison/report8.html#_1_1.
224. Marshall TH (1948) The Rights to Welfare and Other Essays London: Heinemann.
225. Martin PY and Hummer RA (1998) 'Fraternities and rape on campus' in Daly K and Maher L (eds) Criminology at the Crossroads: Feminist Readings in Crime and Justice Oxford: Oxford University Press.
226. Mason J (1996) Qualitative Researching London: Sage.
227. Matza D (1964) Delinquency and Drift New York: John Wiley.
228. Mawby RI and Walklate S (1994) Critical Victimology London: Sage.
229. McCandless BR, Persons WS and Roberts A (1972) 'Perceived opportunity delinquency race and body build among delinquent youth' Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 38: 281-290.
230. McCormick C (1995) Constructing Danger: The Mis/representation of Crime in the News Halifax Nova Scotia: Fernwood Publishing.
231. McMullen RJ (1990) Male Rape: Breaking the Silence of the Last Taboo London: The Gay Men's Press Publishers.
232. McRobbie A (2000) 'The politics of feminist research: Between talk, text and action' in McRobbie A, Feminism and Youth Culture 2nd edn London: Macmillan.
233. Mednick Sa, Gabrieli WF and Hutchings B (1987) 'Genetic influence in criminal convictions: evidence from an adoption cohort' Science 224: 891-894.
234. Mendelsohn B (1940) 'Rape in criminology' Giustizia Penale cited in Mendelsohn B (1963).
235. Mendelsohn B (1963) 'The origin of the doctrine of victimology' Excerpta Criminologica 3: 239-45 reprinted in Rock P (ed.) (1994) Victimology Aldershot: Dartmouth.
236. Mesnick SL (1997) 'Sexual alliances: Evidence and evolutionary implications' in Gowaty PA (ed.) Feminism and Evolutionary Biology New York: Chapman and Hall.
237. Messerschmidt J (1993) Masculinities and Crime: Critique and Reconceptualization of Theory Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.
238. Metzger D (1976) 'It is always the woman who is raped' American Journal of Psychiatry 133: 405-408.
239. Mezey GC (1993) 'Treatment for male victims of rape' in Mezey GC and King MB, Male Victims of Sexual Assault Oxford: Oxford University Press.
240. Mezey GC and King MB (1989) 'The effects of sexual assault on men: A survey of 22 victims' Psychological Medicine 19: 205-209.
241. Mezey GC and King MB (1993) Male Victims of Sexual Assault Oxford: Oxford University Press.
242. Miers D (1989) 'Positivist victimology: A critique' International Review of Victimology 1(1): 3-22.
243. Miller B and Humphreys L (1980) 'Lifestyles and violence: Homosexual victims of assault and murder' Qualitative Sociology 3(3): 169-185.
244. Millett K (1970) Sexual Politics New York: Doubleday.
245. Mitchell D, Hirschman R and Nagayama Hall C, 'Attributions of victim responsibility pleasure and trauma in male rape' (1999) The Journal of Sex Research 36(4): 369-373.
246. Mooney J (1993) The North London Domestic Violence Survey Middlesex University Centre for Criminology.
247. Mooney J (2000) Gender Violence and the Social Order Great Britain: Macmillan Press.
248. Morris A (1987) Women Crime and Criminal Justice Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
249. Murray C (1996) 'The underclass' in Muncie J, McLauglin E and Langan M (eds) Criminological perspectives: A Reader London: Sage.
250. Murray G and Tulloch G (1997) 'Introduction' Current Sociology April 45(2): 1-8 London: Sage.
251. Myers M (1989) 'Men sexually assaulted as adults and sexually abused as boys' Archives of Sexual Behavior 18: 203-215.
252. Naffine N (1992) 'Windows on the legal mind: The evocation of rape in legal writings' Melbourne University Law Review 18: 741-743.
253. Newburn T and Stanko EA (eds) (1994) Just Boys Doing Business?: Men, Masculinities and Crime London: Routledge.
254. Notman MT and Nadelson MD (1976) 'The rape victim: Psychodynamic considerations' American Journal of Psychiatry April 133(4): 408-410.
255. O'Brien M (1981) The Politics of Reproduction London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
256. Pahl J (1985) Refuges for Battered Women: Ideology and Action Feminist Review 19: 25-43.
257. Pateman C (1989) The Disorder of Women Cambridge: Polity Press.
258. Pitts VL and Schwartz MD (1993) 'Promoting self-blame among hidden rape survivors' Humanity and Society 17: 383-398.
259. Plotkin H (1997) Evolution in Mind London: Penguin.
260. Plummer K (1984) 'The social uses of sexuality: Symbolic interaction, power and rape' in Hopkins J (ed.) Perspectives on Rape and Sexual Assault London: Harper and Row.
261. Polk K (1998) 'Masculinity, honour and confrontational homicide' in Daly K and Maher L (eds) Criminology at the Crossroads: Feminist Readings in Crime and Justice Oxford: Oxford University Press.
262. Pollard P (1994) 'Sexual violence against women characteristics of typical perpetrators' in Archer J (ed.) Male Violence London: Routledge.
263. Polsky HW (1967) Cottage Six: The Social System of Delinquent Boys in Residential Treatment USA: Russell Sage Foundation.
264. Povey D and Truc Nguyen K (2001) Police Service Strength Home Office Statistical Bulletin 10/01.
265. Punch M and Naylor T (1973) 'The police: A social service' New Society 24: 358-361.
266. Punch M (1979) Policing the Inner City London: Macmillan.
267. Punch M (1985) Conduct Unbecoming London: Tavistock.
268. Pyke KD (1996) 'Class-based masculinities: The interdependence of gender class and interpersonal power' Gender and Society October 10 (5): 527-549.
269. Quinney R (1972) 'Who is the victim?' Criminology November: 309-329.
270. Rada R (1978) (ed.) Clinical Aspects of the Rapist New York: Grune and Stratton.
271. Rado S (1948) 'Pathodynamics and treatment of traumatic war neurosis (traumatophobia) Psychosom Medicine 4: 362-368.
272. Radford J (1987) 'Policing male violence - Policing women' in Hanmer J and Maynard M (eds) Women Violence and Social Control Basingstoke: Macmillan.
273. Redmond D, Kosten TR and Reiser M (1983) 'Spontaneous ejaculation associated with anxiety: psychophysiological considerations' American Journal of Psychiatry 140: 1163-1166.
274. Rees L (1973) 'Constitutional factors and abnormal behaviour' in Eysenck HJ (ed.) Handbook of Abnormal Psychology 2nd edn: 487-539.
275. Reeves H and Mulley K (2000) 'The new status of victims in the UK: Opportunities and threats' in Crawford A and Goodey J (eds) Integrating a Victim Perspective within Criminal Justice Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company.
276. Regan-smith MG (1991) 'How basic science teachers help medical students learn: The students' perspective' in Maxwell J (1996) Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach London: Sage.
277. Reiner R (1978) The Blue-Coated Worker Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
278. Reiner R (1985) 'The police and race relations' in Baxter J and Koffman L (eds) Police: the Constitution and the Community London: Professional Books.
279. Reiner R (1992) The Politics of the Police 2nd edn London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
280. Reynolds J (1974) 'Rape as social control' Catalyst 8: 62-67.
281. Rich A (1977) Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution London: Virago.
282. Rideau M and Sinclair B (1982) 'Prison: The sexual jungle' in Scacco AM (ed.) Male Rape: A Casebook of Sexual Aggression New York: Ams Press.
283. Ridley M (1993) Evolution Oxford: Blackwell.
284. Rock P (1990) Helping victims of Crime: The Home Office and the Rise of Victim Support in England and Wales Oxford: Clarendon Press.
285. Rogers P (1997) 'Post traumatic stress disorder following male rape' Journal of Medical Health 6(1): 5-9.
286. Rogers P (1998) 'Call for research into male rape' Mental Health Practice, 1: 34.
287. Rose S, Lewontin RC and Kamin LJ (1990) Not in our Genes: Biology Ideology and Human Nature London: Penguin.
288. Rumney P (2001) 'Male rape: Issues in the courtroom' Criminal Law Review 205: 205-13.
289. Rumney P and Taylor MM (1994) 'A male perspective on rape' New Law Journal October 144(6669): 1490.
290. Rumney P and Taylor MM (1996) 'Sentencing for male rape' New Law Journal February 46(6732): 262.
291. Rumney P and Taylor MM (1997a) 'Recognising the male victim: Gender neutrality and the law of rape: Part one' Anglo-American Law Review 26: 198-234.
292. Rumney P and Taylor MM (1997b) 'Recognising the male victim: Gender neutrality and the law of rape: part two' Anglo-American Law Review 26: 330-336.
293. Rush F (1990) 'The many faces of the backlash' in Leidholdt D and Raymond JG (eds) The Sexual Liberals and the Attack on Feminism Oxford: Pergamon Press.
294. Russell D (1982) Rape in Marriage New York: Macmillan.
295. Russell D (1990) Rape in Marriage Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
296. Ryan GW and Bernard HR (2000) 'Data management and analysis methods' in Denzin NK and Lincoln YS (eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research 2nd edn London: Sage.
297. Sampson V (1991) 'Against their will' Guardian 23 July.
298. Saragin E (1976) 'Prison homosexuality and its effect on post-prison sexual behaviour' Psychiatry 39(3): 245-257.
299. Sarrell PM and Masters WH (1982) 'Sexual molestation of men by women' Archives of Sexual Behaviour 11(2): 117-131.
300. Sayers J (1982) Biological Politics: Feminist and Anti-Feminist Perspectives London: Tavistock.
301. Scacco AM (1982) Male Rape: A Casebook of Sexual Aggression New York: Ams Press.
302. Scarce M (1997a) 'Same sex rape of male college students' Journal of American College Health Vol. 45(4): 171-173.
303. Scarce M (1997b) Male on Male Rape: The hidden toll of stigma and shame New York: Plenum Press.
304. Schneider LJ and Aronson H (1994) 'Effects of victim gender and physical vs. psychological trauma injury on observers perceptions of sexual assault and its after effects' Sex Roles 30 (11-12): 793-808.
305. Scott JW (1990) 'Deconstructing Equality versus difference: Or the uses of poststructuralist theory for feminism' in Hirsch M and Fox-Heller E Conflicts in Feminism London: Routledge.
306. Scully D (1990) Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists Boston: Unwin Hyman.
307. Scully D and Marolla J (1985) 'Riding the bull at Gilley's': Convicted rapists describe the rewards of rape' Social Problems 32: 251-63.
308. Shapland J, Willmore J and Duff P (1985) Victims in the Criminal Justice System Aldershot: Gower Publishing Company.
309. Sheldon WH (1942) The Varieties of Temperament: A Psychology of Constitutional Differences New York: Harper and Brothers.
310. Sheridan PM and Hucker SJ (1994) 'Rape and sadomasochistic paraphillias' in Krivacska J and Money J (eds) The Handbook of Forensic Sexology (104-125) New York: Prometheus.
311. Shields N and Hanneke C (1983) 'Battered wives' reactions to marital rape' in Finkelhor D, Gelles R, Hotaling G and Straus M (eds) The Dark Side of Families Beverley Hills: Sage.
312. Skolnick J (1966) Justice without Trial New York: Wiley.
313. Smart C (1976) Women Crime and Criminology: A Feminist Critique London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
314. Smart C (1984) The Ties that Bind: Law, Marriage and the Reproduction of Patriarchal Relations London: Routledge and Paul Kegan.
315. Smart C (1989) Feminism and the Power of the Law London: Routledge.
316. Smart C (1995) Law Crime and Sexuality: Essays in Feminism London: Sage.
317. Smith D (1973) 'Women's perspectives as a radical critique of sociology' Sociological Inquiry 44(1): 7-13.
318. Smith DJ and Gray J (1985) Police and People in London The PSI Report Aldershot: Gower Publishing.
319. Smith DJ (1994) 'Race, crime and criminal justice' in Maguire M, Morgan R and Reiner R (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology Oxford: Clarendon.
320. Smith L (1989) Domestic Violence London: HMSO.
321. Snider L (1998) 'Towards safer societies: Punishment, masculinities and violence against women' The British Journal of Criminology 38(1): 1-39.
322. Soothill K and Soothill D (1993) 'Prosecuting the victim? A study of the reporting of barristers' comments in rape cases' Howard Journal 32 (1): 12-24.
323. Soothill K and Walby S (1991) Sex Crime in the News London: Routledge.
324. Sparks (1982) Research on Victims of Crime: Accomplishments, Issues and New Directions Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health.
325. Stacey J and Thorne B (1985) 'The missing feminist revolution in sociology' Social Problems 32(4): 301-316.
326. Stanford (1990) Crim. LR 526 in Rumney P and Taylor MM (1997a).
327. Stanko E (1985) Intimate Intrusions: Women's Experience of Male Violence London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
328. Stanko EA (1989) 'Missing the mark? Policing battering?' in Hanmer J, Radford J and Stanko EA (eds) Women, Policing and Male Violence London: Routledge.
329. Stanko EA and Hobdell K (1993) 'Assault on men: Masculinity and male victimisation' British Journal of Criminology 33(3): 400-415.
330. Steffensmeier D and Allan E (1991) 'Gender age and crime' in Sheley JF (ed.) Criminology: A Contemporary Handbook (67-93) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
331. Stephenson T (1998) 'Men suffer too' The Inside Job pp. 10-11.
332. Stermac L, Sheridan PM, Davidson A and Dunn S (1996) 'Sexual assault of adult males' Journal of Interpersonal Violence 11(1): 52-64.
333. Stoller R (1976) 'Sexual excitement' Archives of General Psychiatry 33: 899-909.
334. Storr A (1970) Human Aggression London: Penguin.
335. Struckman-Johnson C and Struckman-Johnson D (1992) 'Acceptance of male rape myths among college men and women' Sex Roles 27 (3/4): 85-100.
336. Struckman-Johnson C, Struckman-Johnson D, Rucker L, Bumby K and Donaldson S (1996) 'Sexual coercion reported by men and women in prison' The Journal of Sex Research 33(1): 67-76.
337. Sykes G and Matza D (1957) 'Techniques of neutralisation' American Sociological Review 22: 664-670.
338. Symons D (1979) The Evolution of Human Sexuality Oxford: Open University Press.
339. Tarde G (1912) Penal Philosophy London: Heinemann.
340. Temkin J (1987) Rape and the Legal Process London: Sweet and Maxwell.
341. Temkin J (1982) 'Towards a modern law of rape' 45 Modern Law Review 299: 400-401.
342. Temkin J (1995) (ed.) Rape and the Criminal Justice System Aldershot: Dartmouth.
343. Temkin J (1997) 'Plus a change: Reporting rape in the 1990's' British Journal of Criminology 37: 507-27.
344. Thornhill RA and Thornhill NW (1992) 'The evolutionary psychology of men's coercive sexuality' Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15: 363-421.
345. Tieger T (1980) 'On the biological basis of sex differences in aggression' Child Development 51: 943-963.
346. Tong RP (1998) Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction 2nd edn Colorado: Westview Press.
347. Vold GB and Bernard TJ (1998) Theoretical Criminology 4th edn Oxford University Press.
348. Von Hentig H (1940) Remarks on the interaction of perpetrator and victim' Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 31: 303-309.
349. Von Hentig H (1948) The Criminal and His Victim: Studies in the Sociology of Crime Hamden, CT: Archon Books.
350. Wakelin A and Long KM (2003) Effects of victim gender and sexuality on attributions of blame to rape victims Sex Roles 49: 477-487.
351. Walby S (1987) Patriarchy at Work Cambridge: Polity Press.
352. Walby S (1990) Theorising Patriarchy Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publishers.
353. Walker J, Archer J and Davies M (2005a) 'Effects of rape on male survivors: A descriptive analysis' Archives of Sexual Behavior 34: 69-80.
354. Walker J, Archer J and Davies M (2005b). 'Effects of male rape on psychological functioning' British Journal of Clinical Psychology 44: 445-451.
355. Walklate S (1989) Victimology: The Victim and the Criminal Justice Process London: Unwin Hyman.
356. Walklate S (1998) Understanding Criminology: Current Theoretical Debates Buckingham: Open University Press.
357. Walklate S (2001) 'The victims lobby' in Ryan M, Savage SP and Wall DS (eds) Policy Networks in Criminal Justice Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
358. Ward (1957) 'Homosexual behaviour of the institutionalised delinquent' Psychiatric Quarterly Supplement 32: 301-314.
359. Washington P (1999) 'Second assault of male survivors of sexual violence' Journal of Interpersonal Violence 14(7): 713-730.
360. Waterman CK, Dawson LJ and Bologna MJ (1989) 'Sexual coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships: Predictors and implications for support services' Journal of Sex Research 26: 118-124.
361. Weis K and Borges S (1973) 'Victimology and rape: The case of the legitimate victim' Issues in Criminology 8: 71-115.
362. West DJ (1977) Homosexuality Re-Examined London: Duckworth.
363. West DJ (1993) 'Homophobia: Covert and overt' in Mezey GC and King MB, Male Victims of Sexual Assault Oxford: Oxford University Press.
364. West DJ and Woodhouse TP (1990) 'Sexual encounters between boys and adults' in Li CK West DJ and Woodhouse TP (eds) Children's Sexual Encounters with Adults 3-137 London: Duckworth.
365. West DJ and DeVilliers B (1993) Male Prostitution London: Duckworth.
366. Whatley MA and Riggio RE (1993) 'Gender differences in attributions of blame for male rape victims' Journal of Interpersonal Violence December 8(4): 502-511.
367. Williams G (1976) 'The proof of guilt' in Law Reform Commissioner Report 5: 158-160. New South Wales.
368. Williams KS (1991) Criminology 3rd edn London: Blackstone.
369. Wilson GT and Lawson DM (1976) 'Expectancies, alcohol, and sexual arousal in male social drinkers' Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85(6): 587-594.
370. Wolfgang ME (1958) Patterns in Criminal Homicide Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
371. The Women's National Commission (1985) Violence Against Women London: Cabinet Office.
372. Young J (1986) 'The failure of criminology: The need for a radical realism' in Matthews R and Young J (eds) Confronting Crime London: Sage.
373. Young A (1996) Imagining Crime: Textual Outlaws and Criminal Conversations London: Sage.
374. Young J (1971) 'The role of the police as amplifiers of deviancy negotiators of reality and translators of fantasy: Some consequences of our present system of drug control as seen in Notting Hill' in Cohen S (ed.) Images of Deviance Harmondsworth: Penguin.
375. Zillman D (1983) Arousal and aggression. In Green RG and Donnerstein El (eds) Aggression: Theoretical and Empirical Reviews, 1(1): 75-101.