Measuring child poverty and deprivation

Global child poverty and well-being: Measurement, concepts, policy and action

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 57-101

  Gordon, David ^a,b   Nandy, Shailen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85014652526     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (108)

1. Alkire, S. and Foster, J. (2007) Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI) Working Paper No 7, Oxford: University of Oxford.
2. Alkire, S. and Foster, J. (2009) 'Counting and multidimensional poverty', in J. von Braun (ed) The poorest and hungry: Assessment, analysis and actions, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, pp 77-89.
3. Alkire, S. and Roche, J. (2009) Beyond headcount: The Alkire-Foster approach to multidimensional child poverty measurement, Child Poverty Insights, New York: United Nations Children's Fund.
4. Alkire, S. and Santos, M.E. (2010) Acute multidimensional poverty: A new index for developing countries, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI) Working Paper No 38, Oxford: University of Oxford.
5. Anand, S., Segal, P. and Stiglitz, J. (eds) (2010) Debates on the measurement of global poverty, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. Barnes, H. (2009a) Child poverty in South Africa: A socially perceived necessities approach, Measure of Child Poverty Project Key Report 2, Pretoria: Department of Social Development, Republic of South Africa.
7. Barnes, H. (2009b) Children's views of an acceptable standard of living for children in South Africa, Measures of Child Poverty Project Key Report 3, Pretoria: Department of Social Development, Republic of South Africa.
8. Beccaria, L. and Minujin, A. (1988) Métodos alternativos para medir la evolución del tamaño de la pobreza, Buenos Aires: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos de Argentina.
9. Black, R. E., Morris, S. S. and Bryce, J. (2003) Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet, Vol 361, pp 2226-34.
10. Boarini, R. and d'Ercole, M.M. (2006) Measures of material deprivation in OECD countries, Working Paper No 37, Paris: Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
11. Boelhouwer, J. (2010) Wellbeing in the Netherlands. The SCP life situation index since 1974, The Hague: The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP).
12. Boelhouwer, J. and Stoop, I. (1999) 'Measuring well-being in the Netherlands. The SCP-index from 1974 to 1997', Social Indicators Research, Vol 48, pp 51-75.
13. Boltvinik, J. (1992) América Latina: El reto de la pobreza, proyecto regional para la superación de la pobreza en América Latina y el Caribe, Indices de pobreza para los métodos NBI y MIP, Bogotá: United Nations Development Programme.
14. Boltvinik, J. (1997) Poverty measurement methods - An overview, New York: United Nations Development Programme.
15. Cabrera, A. and Miguel, C. (2002) Economía Informa, Número 311, Octubre, Mexico City: Facultad de Economía de la de Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
16. Callan, T., Nolan, B. and Whelan, C. (1993) 'Resources, deprivation and the measurement of poverty', Journal of Social Policy, Vol 22, no 2, pp 141-72.
17. CONEVAL (2009) Metodología para la medición multidimensional de la pobreza en México, Mexico City: CONEVAL.
18. Cortina, J. (1993) 'What is coefficient alpha?', Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 1, pp 98-104.
19. Cronbach, L.J. (1951) 'Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests', Psychometrika, Vol 16, no 3, pp 297-334.
20. Cronbach, L.J. and Shavelson, R.L. (2004) 'My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures', Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol 64, pp 391-418.
21. Davey Smith G. (2007) Boyd Orr Lecture. Life-course approaches to inequalities in adult chronic disease risk. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society, Vol 66, pp 216-236.
22. Delgado, J.O. (2006) 'The policy of combat to poverty in Mexico, 1982-2005', Papeles de POBLACIÓN, Vol 47, pp 74-101.
23. Delamonica, E.E. and Minujin, A. (2007) 'Incidence, depth and severity of children in poverty', Social Indicators Research, Vol 82, no 2, pp 361-74.
24. Desai, M. (1986) 'On defining the poverty threshold', in P. Golding (ed) Excluding the poor, London: Child Poverty Action Group.
25. Desai, M. and Shah, A. (1988) 'An econometric approach to the measurement of poverty', Oxford Economic Papers, No 40, pp 505-22.
26. ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean)/Dirección General de Estadística y Censos del Uruguay (DGEC) (1988) La heterogeneidad de la pobreza: Una aproximación bidimensional (LC/MVD/R.12/Rev 1), Montevideo.
27. Falkingham, J. and Namazie, C. (2002) Measuring health and poverty:A review of approaches to identifying the poor, London: Department for International Development Health Systems Resource Centre.
28. Fergusson, D., Hong, B., Horwood, J., Jensen, J. and Travers, P. (2001) Living standards of older New Zealanders, Wellington: Ministry of Social Policy.
29. Filmer, D. and Pritchett, L. (1998) Estimating wealth effects without income or expenditure data - or tears: educational enrolment in India. World Bank Policy Research working paper, No. 1994. Washington DC, World Bank.
30. Filmer, D. and Pritchett, L.H. (1999) 'The impact of public spending on health: does money matter?', Social Science & Medicine, Vol 49, pp 1309-23.
31. Filmer, D. and Pritchett, L.H. (2001) 'Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data - or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India', Demography, Vol 38, no 1, pp 115-32.
32. Foster, J., Greer, J. and Thorbecke, E. (1984) 'A class of decomposable poverty measures', Econometrica, Vol 52, pp 761-76.
33. Foster, J., Greer, J. and Thorbecke, E. (2010) 'The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty measures: 25 years later', Journal of Economic Inequality, Vol 8, no 4, pp 491-524.
34. Freeman, A. (2007) 'The poverty of statistics and the statistics of poverty', Third World Quarterly, Vol 30, no 8, pp 1427-48.
35. Galobardes, B., Lynch, J.W. and Davey Smith, G. (2004) 'Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality in adulthood: systematic review and interpretation', Epidemiological Review, Vol 26, pp 7-21.
36. Galobardes, B., Lynch, J.W. and Davey Smith, G. (2008) 'Is the association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality established? Update of a systematic review', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol 62, pp 387-90.
37. Gordon, D. (2000) 'The scientific measurement of poverty: recent theoretical advances', in J. Bradshaw and R. Sainsbury (eds) Researching poverty, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp 37-58.
38. Gordon, D. (2002) 'The international measurement of poverty and anti-poverty policy', in P. Townsend and D. Gordon (eds) World poverty:New policies to defeat an old enemy, Bristol: The Policy Press, pp 53-80.
39. Gordon, D. (2006) 'The concept and measurement of poverty', in C. Pantazis, D. Gordon and R. Levitas (eds) Poverty and social exclusion in Britain: The Millennium Survey, Bristol: The Policy Press, pp 29-70.
40. Gordon, D. (2010) Metodología de Medición Multidimensional de la Pobreza para México a partir del Concepto de Privación Relativa (Methodology for Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Mexico Using the Concept of Relative Deprivation - in Spanish). In Boltvinik, J., Chakravarty, S., Foster, J. Gordon, D. Hernández Cid, R., Soto de la Rosa, H. and Mora, M. (coord.), Medición Multidimensional de la Pobreza en México México, D.F: El Colegio de México and Consejo de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social. pp 401-97.
41. Gordon, D. and Pantazis, C. (eds) (1997) Breadline Britain in the 1990s, Aldershot: Ashgate.
42. Gordon, D. and Spicker, P. (eds) (1999) The international glossary on poverty, London: Zed Books.
43. Gordon, D., Adelman, A., Ashworth, K., Bradshaw, J., Levitas, R., Middleton, S., Pantazis, C., Patsios, D., Payne, S., Townsend, P. and Williams, J. (2000) Poverty and social exclusion in Britain, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
44. Gordon, D., Nandy, S., Pantazis, C., Pemberton, S. and Townsend, P. (2003) Child poverty in the developing world, Bristol: The Policy Press.
45. Green, S.B., Lissitz, R.W. and Mulaik, S.A. (1977) 'Limitations of coefficient alpha as an index of test unidimensionality', Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol 37, pp 827-38.
46. Halleröd, B. (1994) Poverty in Sweden: A new approach to direct measurement of consensual poverty, Umeå Studies in Sociology, No 106, Umeå, Sweden: University of Umeå.
47. Halleröd, B. (1995) 'The truly poor: indirect and direct measurement of consensual poverty in Sweden', Journal of European Social Policy, Vol 5, no 2, pp 111-29.
48. Himanshu (2008) 'What are these new poverty estimates and what do they imply?', Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 43, 25 October, pp 38-43.
49. Howe, L.D., Hargreaves, J. and Huttly, S. (2008) 'Issues in the construction of wealth indices for the measurement of socio-economic position in low-income countries', Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, Vol 5, pp 3-17.
50. Howe, L.D., Hargreaves, J., Gabrysch, S. and Huttly, S. (2009) 'Is the wealth index a proxy for consumption expenditure? A systematic review', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol 63, no 11, pp 871-80.
51. Jensen, J., Spittal, M., Crichton, S., Sathiyandra, S. and Krishnan, V. (2002) Direct measurement of living standards: The New Zealand ELSI scale, Wellington: Ministry of Social Development.
52. Kaijage, F. and Tibaijuka, A. (1996) Poverty and social exclusion in Tanzania, Research Series, No 109, Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies (IILS).
53. Kakwani, N. and Son, H. (2006) New global poverty counts, International Poverty Centre Working Paper, No 29, Brasília: United Nations Development Programme, International Poverty Centre.
54. Kangas, O. and Ritakallio, V.M. (1998) 'Different methods - different results? Approaches to multidimensional poverty', in H. Andreß (ed) Empirical poverty research in a comparative perspective, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp 167-203.
55. Kaztman, R. (1996) Virtues and limitations of census maps for identifying critical deficiencies, CEPAL Review, No 58 (LC/G.1916-P/I), Santiago, Chile: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
56. Kaztman, R. (1999) Activos y estructuras de oportunidades: Estudios sobre las raíces de la vulnerabilidad social en Uruguay (LC/MVD/R.180), Montevideo, Uruguay: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
57. Kevles, D.J. (1985) In the name of eugenics: Genetics and the uses of human heredity, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
58. Kolenikov, S. and Angeles, G. (2009) 'Socioeconomic status measurement with discrete proxy variables: is Principal Component Analysis a reliable answer?', Review of Income and Wealth, Vol 55, no 1, pp 128-65.
59. Kravis, I. (1986) 'The three faces of the International Comparison Project', World Bank Research Observer, Vol 1, no 1, pp 3-26.
60. Mack, J. and Lansley, S. (1985) Poor Britain, London: George Allen & Unwin.
61. MacKenzie, D. (1981) Statistics in Britain, 1865-1930: The social construction of scientific knowledge, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
62. MacKenzie, D. (1999) 'Eugenics and the rise of mathematical statistics in Britain', in D. Dorling and S. Simpson (eds) Statistics in society: The arithmetic of politics, London, New York, Sydney, Auckland: Arnold, pp 55-61.
63. Mazumdar, P.M.H. (1992) Eugenics, human genetics and human failings: The Eugenics Society, its sources and its critics in Britain, London: Routledge.
64. Minujin, A., Delamonica, E.E., Davidziuk, A. and Gonzalez, E.D. (2006) 'The definition of child poverty: a discussion of concepts and measurements', Environment & Urbanization, Vol 18, no 2, pp 481-500.
65. Muffels, R., Berghman, J. and Dirven, H. (1992) 'A multi-method approach to monitor the evolution of poverty', Journal of European Social Policy, Vol 2, no 3, pp 193-213.
66. Muffels, R.J.A. and Fouarge, D.J.A.G. (2001) Social Exclusion and Poverty: Definition, Public Debate and Empirical Evidence in the Netherlands. In D.G. Mayes, J. Berghman and R. Salais (eds) Social Exclusion and European Policy, pp 93-123. Cheltenham (UK)/Northampton (MA/USA)): Edward Elgar.
67. Nandy, S. (2010) 'An analysis of changes in child poverty in the developing world at the end of the 20th century', Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Bristol.
68. Nandy, S. and Gordon, D. (2009) 'Children living in squalor: shelter, water and sanitation deprivations in developing countries', Children, Youth and Environments, Vol 19, pp 202-28.
69. Nandy, S. and Miranda, J. (2008) 'Overlooking undernutrition? Using a composite index of anthropometric failure to assess how underweight misses and misleads the assessment of undernutrition in young children', Social Science & Medicine, Vol 66, pp 1963-6.
70. Nandy, S., Irving, M., Gordon, D., Subramanian, S.V. and Davey-Smith, G. (2005) 'Poverty, child undernutrition and morbidity: new evidence from India', Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol 83, pp 210-16.
71. Nunnally, J.C. (1981) Psychometric theory, New Delhi: Tate McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
72. Orshansky, M. (1965) 'Counting the poor: another look at the poverty profile', Social Security Bulletin, Vol 28, no 1, pp 3-29.
73. Orshansky, M. (1969) 'How poverty is measured', Monthly Labor Review, Vol 92, no 2, pp 37-41.
74. Pantazis, C., Gordon, D. and Levitas, R. (eds) (2006) Poverty and social exclusion in Britain, Bristol: The Policy Press.
75. Pearson, K. (1901) 'Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. vii. On the correlation of characters not qualitatively measurable', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A 195, pp 1-47.
76. Pemberton, S.A., Gordon, D., Nandy, S., Pantazis, C. and Townsend, P. (2005) 'The relationship between child poverty and child rights: the role of indicators', in A. Minujin, E.E. Delamonica and M. Komarecki (eds) Human rights and social policies for children and women, New York:The New School, pp 47-62.
77. Pemberton, S.A., Gordon, D., Nandy, S., Pantazis, C. and Townsend, P. (2007) 'Child rights and child poverty: can the international framework of children's rights be used to improve child survival rates?', PLoS Medicine, Vol 4, pp 1567-70.
78. Pogge, T. (2010) 'How many poor people should there be? A rejoinder to Ravallion', in S. Anand, P. Segal and J. Stiglitz (eds) Debates on the measurement of global poverty, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 102-14.
79. Ravallion, M. (2010) 'Reply to Reddy and Pogge', in S. Anand, P. Segal and J. Stiglitz (eds) Debates on the measurement of global poverty, Oxford:Oxford University Press, pp 87-101.
80. Ravallion, M., Chen, S. and Sangraula, P. (2008) Dollar a day revisited, Policy Research Working Paper 4620, Washington, DC: World Bank.
81. Ravallion, M., Datt, G. and van de Walle, D. (1991) 'Quantifying absolute poverty in the developing world', Review of Income and Wealth, Vol 37, pp 345-61.
82. Reddy, S. and Pogge, T. (2010) 'How not to count the poor', in S. Anand, P. Segal and J. Stiglitz (eds) Debates on the measurement of global poverty, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 42-86.
83. Roche, J.M. (2009) Child poverty measurement in Bangladesh: Improving upon existing measures, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI) Working Paper, Oxford: Oxford University.
84. Roelen, K. and Gassmann, F. (2008) Measuring child poverty and well-being:A literature review, Working Paper Series No 2008/WP001, Maastricht:Maastricht Graduate School of Governance.
85. Rogoff, K. (1996) 'The purchasing power parity puzzle', Journal of Economic Literature, Vol 34, pp 647-68.
86. Saunders, P. and Naidoo, Y. (2009) 'Poverty, deprivation and consistent poverty', The Economic Record, Vol 85, no 271, pp 417-32.
87. Shelvin, M., Miles, J.N.V., Davies, M.N.O. and Walker, S. (2000) 'Coefficient alpha a useful measure of reliability?', Personality and Individual Differences, Vol 28, pp 229-37.
88. Short, K.S. (2005) 'Material and financial hardship and income-based poverty measures in the USA', Journal of Social Policy, Vol 34, pp 21-38.
89. Spencer, N. (2008) Childhood poverty and adult health, London: End Child Poverty.
90. Thomas, B., Dorling, D. and Davey Smith, G. (2010) 'Inequalities in premature mortality in Britain: observational study from 1921 to 2007', British Medical Journal, Vol 341, c3639, doi:10.1136/bmj.c363
91. Townsend, P. (1962) 'The meaning of poverty', British Journal of Sociology, Vol 13, no 3, pp 210-27.
92. Townsend, P. (1979) Poverty in the United Kingdom, Harmondsworth:Penguin Books Ltd.
93. Townsend, P. (1987) 'Deprivation', Journal of Social Policy, Vol 16, no 2, pp 125-46.
94. Townsend, P. (1997) 'The poverty line: methodology and international comparisons', in D. Gordon and C. Pantazis (eds) Breadline Britain in the 1990s, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, pp 49-69.
95. Townsend, P. and Gordon, D. (1993) 'What is enough? The definition of a poverty line', in P. Townsend, The international analysis of poverty, New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo, Singapore: Harvester Wheatsheaf, pp 40-78.
96. Townsend, P. and Gordon, D. (2002) World poverty: New policies to defeat an old enemy, Bristol: The Policy Press.
97. UN (United Nations) (1995) The Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action, World Summit for Social Development, 6-12 March, New York: UN.
98. UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs) (2010) Rethinking poverty: Report on the world social situation 2010, New York: UN.
99. UN (United Nations) Expert Group on Poverty Statistics (Rio Group) (2006) Compendium of best practice in poverty measurement, Rio de Janeiro and Santiago: Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE), with the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
100. UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) (2006) Promotion and protection of the rights of children: Report of the Third Committee, New York: UN.
101. UNICEF (2007) U.N. General Assembly adopts powerful definition of child poverty. New York, UNICEF. Available at: www.unicef.org/ media/media_38003.html.
102. Vyas, S. and Kumaranayake, L. (2006) 'Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis', Health Policy and Planning, Vol 21, no 6, pp 459-68.
103. Whelan, C.T. and Maitre, B. (2007) 'Measuring material deprivation with EU-SILC: lessons from the Irish Survey', European Societies, Vol 9, pp 147-3.
104. World Bank (1990) World Development Report 1990: Poverty, Washington, DC: World Bank.
105. World Bank (1996) Poverty assessments: A progress review, Washington, DC: World Bank.
106. World Bank (2000) World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking poverty, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
107. WHO (World Health Organization) (1995) World Health Report 1995:Bridging the gaps, Geneva: WHO.
108. WHO (2008) Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Final report: Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health, Geneva: World Health Organization.