Consequences of biodiversity loss diverge from expectation due to post-extinction compensatory responses

Scientific Reports

Volumn 7, Issue , 2017, Pages

  Thomsen, Matthias S ^a   Garcia, Clement ^b   Bolam, Stefan G ^b   Parker, Ruth ^b   Godbold, Jasmin A ^a   Solan, Martin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING; BIOTURBATION; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; COMPENSATION; ECOSYSTEM; EXPECTATION; INVERTEBRATE; MEDIATOR; MODEL; NONHUMAN; PREDICTION; SEDIMENT; SPECIES; ANIMAL; SPECIES EXTINCTION;

ANIMALS; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; EXTINCTION, BIOLOGICAL; INVERTEBRATES;

EID: 85014577553     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep43695     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Pereira, H. M. et al. Scenarios for global biodiversity in the 21st century. Science 330, 1496-1501 (2010)
2. Pimm, S. L. et al. The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science 344, 1246752 (2014)
3. Urban, M. C. Accelerating extinction risk from climate change. Science 348, 571-573 (2015)
4. Halpern B. S. et al. Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world's ocean. Nat. Commun 6, 7615; 10.1038/ ncomms8615 (2015)
5. Cardinale, B. J. et al. Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature 486, 59-67 (2012)
6. O'Connor, M. I. et al. A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level. Oikos, 10.1111/oik.03652 (2016)
7. Brown, J. H. Whitham, T. G., Ernest, S. K. M. & Gehring, C. A. Complex species interactions and the dynamics of ecological systems: Long-term experiments. Science 293, 643-650 (2001)
8. Strong, J. A. et al. Marine biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships: The potential for practical monitoring applications. Estuar. Coast. Shelf S. 161, 46-64 (2015)
9. Hull, P. M., Darroch, S. A. F. & Erwin, D. H. Rarity in mass extinctions and the future of ecosystems. Nature 528, 345-351 (2015)
10. Koh, L. P. et al. Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis. Science 305, 1632-1634 (2004)
11. Bracken, M. E. S., Friberg, S. E., Gonzalez-Dorantes, C. A. & Williams, S. L. Functional consequences of realistic biodiversity changes in a marine ecosystem. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 924-928 (2008)
12. Ives, A. R. & Cardinale, B. J. Food-web interactions govern the resistance of communities after non-random extinctions. Nature 429, 174-177 (2004)
13. Gross, K. & Cardinale, B. J. The functional consequences of random vs. ordered species extinctions. Ecol. Lett. 8, 409-418 (2005)
14. Gonzalez, A. & Loreau, M. The causes and consequences of compensatory dynamics in ecological communities. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 40, 393-414 (2009)
15. Wagner, P. J., Kosnik, M. A. & Lidgard, S. Abundance distributions imply elevated complexity of post-Paleozoic marine ecosystems. Science 314, 1289-1292 (2006)
16. Hull, P. Life in the aftermath of mass extinctions. Curr. Biol. 25, 941-952 (2015)
17. Lotze, H. K. et al. Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science 312, 1806-1809 (2006)
18. Harries, P. J., Kauffman, E. G. & Hansen, T. A. Models for biotic survival following mass extinction. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 102, 41-60 (1996)
19. Smith, M. D. & Knapp, A. K. Dominant species maintain ecosystem function with non-random species loss. Ecol. Lett. 6, 509-517 (2003)
20. Davies, T. W., Jenkins, S. R., Kingham, R., Hawkins, S. J. & Hiddink, J. G. Extirpation-resistant species do not always compensate for the decline in ecosystem processes associated with biodiversity loss. J. Ecol. 100, 1475-1481 (2012)
21. Bai, Y., Han, X., Wu, J., Chen, Z. & Li, L. Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Nature 431, 181-184 (2004)
22. Cross, M. S. & Harte, J. Compensatory responses to loss of warming sensitive plant species. Ecology 88, 740-748 (2007)
23. Peters, M. K., Fischer, G., Schaab, G. & Kraemer, M. Species compensation maintains abundance and raid rates of African Swarmraiding army ants in rainforest fragments. Biol. Conserv. 142, 668-675 (2009)
24. Yvon-Durocher, G. et al. Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton. PLoS Biol. 13, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324 (2015)
25. Carnicer, J., Abrams, P. A. & Jordano, P. Switching behaviour, coexistence and diversification: comparing empirical community-wide evidence with theoretical predictions. Ecol. Lett. 11, 802-808 (2008)
26. Van Dievel, M., Jansens, L. & Stoks, R. Short-and long-term behavioural, physiological and stoichiometric responses to predation risk indicate chronic stress and compensatory mechanisms. Oecologia 181, 347-357 (2016)
27. Suding, K. N., Miller, A. E., Bechtold, H. & Bowman, W. D. The consequences of species loss on ecosystem nitrogen cycling depends on community compensation. Oecologia 149, 141-149 (2006)
28. Ensign, W. E. & Leftwich, K. N. Factors Influencing Stream Fish Recovery following a Large-Scale Disturbance. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 126, 895-907 (1997)
29. Holbrook, S. J. & Schmitt, R. J. Compensation in resource use by foragers released from interspecific competition. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 185, 219-233 (1995)
30. Lister, B. C. The nature of niche expansion in west Indian Anolis Lizards I: Ecological consequences of reduced competition. Evolution 30, 659-676 (1976)
31. Godbold, J. A. & Solan, M. Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified by seasonal variation in species responses and environmental conditions. Philos. Trans. R Soc. London [Biol.] 368, 1-11 (2013)
32. Touchton, J. M. & Smith, J. N. M. Species loss, delayed numerical responses, and functional compensation in an antbird guild. Ecology 92, 1126-1136 (2011)
33. Werner, E. E. Individual behaviour and higher-order species interactions. Am. Nat. 140, S5-S32 (1992)
34. Ruesink, J. L. & Srivastava, D. S. Numerical and per capita responses to species loss: mechanisms maintaining ecosystem function in a community of stream insect detritivores. Oikos 93, 221-234 (2001)
35. Gardmark, A., Jonzen, N. & Mangel, M. Density-dependent body growth reduces the potential of marine reserves to enhance yields. J. of Appl. Ecol. 43, 61-66 (2006)
36. Lorenzen, K. Fish population regulation beyond "Stock and recruitment": the role of density-dependent growth in the recruited stock. B. Mar. Sci. 83, 183-196 (2008)
37. Ghedini, G., Russell, B. D. & Connell S. D. Trophic compensation reinforces resistance: herbivory absorbs the increasing effects of multiple disturbances. Ecol. Lett. 18, 182-287 (2015)
38. Bernhardt, J. R. & Leslie H. M. Resilience to climate change in coastal marine ecosystems. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 5, 371-392 (2013)
39. Godbold, J. A., Bulling, M. T. & Solan, M. Habitat structure mediates biodiversity effects on ecosystem properties. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol.] 278, 2510-2518 (2011)
40. Sanz-Aguilar, A., Igual, J. M., Oro, D., Genovart, M. & Tavecchia, G. Estimating recruitment and survival in partially monitored populations. J. of Appl. Ecol. 53, 73-82 (2016)
41. Thompson, P. L. & Shurin, J. B. Regional zooplankton biodiversity provides limited buffering of pond ecosystems against climate change. J. Anim. Ecol. 81, 251-259 (2012)
42. Solan, M. et al. Extinction and ecosystem function in the marine benthos. Science 306, 1177-1180 (2004)
43. Bunker, D. E. et al. Species loss and aboveground carbon storage in a tropical forest. Science 310, 1029-1031 (2005)
44. McIntyre, P. B., Jones, L. E., Flecker, A. S. & Vanni, M. J. Fish extinctions alter nutrient recycling in tropical freshwaters. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 4461-4466 (2007)
45. Allgeier, J. E., Layman, C. A., Mumby, P. J. & Rosemond, A. D. Biogeochemical implication of biodiversity and community structure across multiple coastal ecosystems. Ecol. Mon. 85, 117-132 (2015)
46. Botto, F., Valiela, I., Iribarne, O., Martinetto, P. & Alberti, J. Impact of burrowing crabs on C and N sources, control, and transformations in sediments and food webs of SW Atlantic estuaries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 293, 155-164 (2005)
47. Solan, M., Batty, P., Bulling, M. T. & Godbold, J. A. How biodiversity affects ecosystem process: implications for ecological revolutions and benthic ecosystem function. Aquat. Biol. 2, 289-301 (2008)
48. Woodin, S. A. et al. Same pattern, different mechanism: Locking onto the role of key species in seafloor ecosystem process. Sci. Rep. 6, 26678, 10.1038/srep26678 (2016)
49. Schmitz, M. et al. Consistent effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning under varying density and evenness. Folia Geobot. 48, 335-353 (2013)
50. Wohlgemuth, D., Solan, M. & Godbold, J. A. Specific arrangements of species dominance are more influential than evenness in maintaining ecosystem properties. Sci. Rep. 6, 39325, 10.1038/srep39325 (2016)
51. Mason, N. W. H., Mouillot, D., Lee, W. G. & Wilson, B. Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: the primary components of functional diversity. Oikos 111, 112-118 (2005)
52. Pan, Q. et al. Effects of functional diversity loss on ecosystem functions are influenced by compensation. Ecology 97, 2293-2302 (2016)
53. Gaston, K. J. et al. Spatial turnover in the global avifauna. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol.] 274, 1618 (2007)
54. Winfree, R., Fox, J. W., Williams, N. M. & Reilly, J. R. Abundance of common species, not species richness, drives delivery of a realworld ecosystem service, Ecol. Lett. 18, 626-635 (2015)
55. Inger, R., Per, E., Cox, D. T. C. & Gaston, K. J. Key role in ecosystem functioning of scavengers reliant on a single common species. Sci. Rep. 6, 29641, 10.1038/srep29641 (2016)
56. Bracken, M. E. S., Friberg, S., Gonzalez-Dorantes, C. A. & Williams, S. L. Functional consequences of realistic biodiversity changes in a marine ecosystem. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 924-928 (2008)
57. Gallardo, B., Clavero, M., Sánchez, M. I. & Vila, M. Global ecological impacts of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems. Glob. Change Biol. 22, 151-163 (2016)
58. Elahi, R. et al. Recent trends in local-scale marine biodiversity reflect community structure and human impacts. Curr. Biol. 25, 1938-1943 (2015)
59. Brook, B. W., Sodhi, N. S. & Bradshaw, C. J. A. Synergies among extinction drivers under global change. Trends Ecol. Evol. 23, 453-460 (2008)
60. Darling, E. S. & C?té, I. M. Quantifying the evidence for ecological synergies. Ecol. Lett. 11, 1278-1286 (2008)
61. Pearson, R. G. et al. Life history and spatial traits predict extinction risk due to climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 4, 217-221 (2014)
62. Pinceel, T., Vanschoenwinkel, B., Brendonck, L. & Buschke, F. Modelling the sensitivity of life history traits to climate change in a temporary pool crustacean. Sci. Rep. 6, 29451, 10.1038/srep29451 (2016)
63. Séguin, A., Harvey, É., Archambault, P., Nozais, C. & Gravel, D. Body size as a predictor of species loss effect on ecosystem functioning. Sci. Rep. 4, 4616, 10.1038/srep04616 (2014)
64. Payne, J. L., Bush, A. M., Heim, N. A., Knope, M. L. & McCauley, D. J. Ecological selectivity of the emerging mass extinction in the oceans. Science 353, 1284-1286 (2016)
65. Lyons, K. G. & Schwartz, M. K. Rare species loss alters ecosystem function-invasion resistance. Ecol. Lett. 4, 358-365 (2001)
66. MacDougall A. S., McCann, K. S., Gellner, G. & Turkington, R. Diversity loss with persistent human disturbance increases vulnerability to ecosystem collapse. Nature 494, 86-89 (2013)
67. Jian, M. et al. The importance of rare species: a trait-based assessment of rare species contributions to functional diversity and possible ecosystem function in tall-grass praries. Ecol Evol. 4, 104-112 (2014)
68. Clapham, M. E. Organism activity levels predict marine invertebrate survival during ancient global change extinctions. Glob. Change Biol. 10.1111/gcb.13484 (in press).