메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

Exploring Monte Carlo Methods

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85014200721     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/C2009-0-16850-2     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (165)

References (303)
  • 1
    • 0038377458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GEANT4-A Simulation Toolkit
    • Agostinelli S., et al. GEANT4-A Simulation Toolkit. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 2003, 506:250-303.
    • (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.506 , pp. 250-303
    • Agostinelli, S.1
  • 2
    • 0011904689 scopus 로고
    • The Monte Carlo Method
    • Bauer W.F. The Monte Carlo Method. J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 1958, 6(4):438-451.
    • (1958) J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 438-451
    • Bauer, W.F.1
  • 3
    • 0004175011 scopus 로고
    • Impensis Thurnisiorum, Fratrun, Basilea, This posthumous Latin work was subsequently published in German as Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung in two volumes by Englemann, Leipzig, 1899.
    • Bernoulli J. Ars Conjectandi 1713, Impensis Thurnisiorum, Fratrun, Basilea, This posthumous Latin work was subsequently published in German as Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung in two volumes by Englemann, Leipzig, 1899.
    • (1713) Ars Conjectandi
    • Bernoulli, J.1
  • 7
    • 67651111816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Methods for Design and Analysis of Radiation Detectors
    • Dunn W.L., Shultis J.K. Monte Carlo Methods for Design and Analysis of Radiation Detectors. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2009, 78:852-858.
    • (2009) Radiat. Phys. Chem. , vol.78 , pp. 852-858
    • Dunn, W.L.1    Shultis, J.K.2
  • 11
    • 0003860037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapman & Hall, New York, W.R. Gilks, S. Richardson, D.J. Spiegelhalter (Eds.)
    • Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice 1996, Chapman & Hall, New York. W.R. Gilks, S. Richardson, D.J. Spiegelhalter (Eds.).
    • (1996) Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice
  • 12
    • 0343599896 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Methods in Transport Problems
    • Pergamon Press, New York, D.J. Hughes, J.E. Sanders, J. Horowitz (Eds.) Progress in Nuclear Energy II
    • Goertzel G., Kalos M.H. Monte Carlo Methods in Transport Problems. Series 1, Physics and Mathematics 1958, 315-369. Pergamon Press, New York. D.J. Hughes, J.E. Sanders, J. Horowitz (Eds.).
    • (1958) Series 1, Physics and Mathematics , pp. 315-369
    • Goertzel, G.1    Kalos, M.H.2
  • 13
    • 0012331119 scopus 로고
    • On an Experimental Determination of π
    • Hall A. On an Experimental Determination of π. Messeng. Math. 1873, 2:113-114.
    • (1873) Messeng. Math. , vol.2 , pp. 113-114
    • Hall, A.1
  • 14
    • 0014705837 scopus 로고
    • A Retrospective and Prospective Survey of the Monte Carlo Method
    • Halton J.H. A Retrospective and Prospective Survey of the Monte Carlo Method. SIAM Rev. 1970, 12(1):1-63.
    • (1970) SIAM Rev. , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-63
    • Halton, J.H.1
  • 17
    • 0009591354 scopus 로고
    • United States Atomic Energy Commission, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, AECU-3259
    • Kahn H. Applications of Monte Carlo 1956, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, AECU-3259.
    • (1956) Applications of Monte Carlo
    • Kahn, H.1
  • 18
    • 0012229002 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Methods in Reactor Computations
    • Gordon and Breach, New York, H. Greenspan, C.N. Kelber, D. Okrent (Eds.)
    • Kalos M.H., Nakache F.R., Celnik J. Monte Carlo Methods in Reactor Computations. Computing Methods in Reactor Physics 1968, Gordon and Breach, New York. H. Greenspan, C.N. Kelber, D. Okrent (Eds.).
    • (1968) Computing Methods in Reactor Physics
    • Kalos, M.H.1    Nakache, F.R.2    Celnik, J.3
  • 20
    • 84867314966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport
    • National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
    • Kawrakow I., Mainegra-Hing E., Rogers D.W.O., Tessier F., Walters B.R.B. The EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport. NRCC Report PIRS-701 2010, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
    • (2010) NRCC Report PIRS-701
    • Kawrakow, I.1    Mainegra-Hing, E.2    Rogers, D.W.O.3    Tessier, F.4    Walters, B.R.B.5
  • 21
    • 0002229350 scopus 로고
    • Nineteenth Century Clouds over the Dynamical Theory of Heat and Light
    • Kelvin W. Nineteenth Century Clouds over the Dynamical Theory of Heat and Light. Phil. Mag. 1901, 2(6):1-40.
    • (1901) Phil. Mag. , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 1-40
    • Kelvin, W.1
  • 23
    • 84882170594 scopus 로고
    • Théorie Analytique des Probabilités
    • contained in Oeuvres Completes de Laplace, de L'Académie des Sciences, 7, part 2.
    • Laplace P.S. Théorie Analytique des Probabilités. Livre 1786, 2:356-366. contained in Oeuvres Completes de Laplace, de L'Académie des Sciences, 7, part 2.
    • (1786) Livre , vol.2 , pp. 356-366
    • Laplace, P.S.1
  • 26
    • 0004999243 scopus 로고
    • The Beginning of the Monte Carlo Method
    • Special issue
    • Metropolis N. The Beginning of the Monte Carlo Method. Los Alamos Science 1987, 125-130. Special issue.
    • (1987) Los Alamos Science , pp. 125-130
    • Metropolis, N.1
  • 29
    • 0036608343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Analysis of Inverse Problems
    • Mosegaard K., Sambridge M. Monte Carlo Analysis of Inverse Problems. Inverse Probl. 2002, 18:R29-R54.
    • (2002) Inverse Probl. , vol.18
    • Mosegaard, K.1    Sambridge, M.2
  • 30
    • 0003620648 scopus 로고
    • Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, SLAC-265 UC-32
    • Nelson W.R., Hirayama H., Rogers D.W.O. The EGS4 Code System 1985, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, SLAC-265 UC-32.
    • (1985) The EGS4 Code System
    • Nelson, W.R.1    Hirayama, H.2    Rogers, D.W.O.3
  • 31
    • 0006223529 scopus 로고
    • Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
    • Rao C.R. Statistics and Truth 1989, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.
    • (1989) Statistics and Truth
    • Rao, C.R.1
  • 32
    • 0004561495 scopus 로고
    • On James Bernoulli's Theorem in Probabilities
    • Rayleigh L. On James Bernoulli's Theorem in Probabilities. Philos. Mag. 1899, 47:246-251.
    • (1899) Philos. Mag. , vol.47 , pp. 246-251
    • Rayleigh, L.1
  • 34
    • 0003575317 scopus 로고
    • Pergamon Press, New York, Y.A. Shreider (Ed.)
    • The Monte Carlo Method 1966, Pergamon Press, New York. Y.A. Shreider (Ed.).
    • (1966) The Monte Carlo Method
  • 37
    • 0345399126 scopus 로고
    • The Probable Error of a Mean
    • Student, also "Probable Error of a Correlation Coefficient," Biometrika, 6, 302-310
    • The Probable Error of a Mean. Biometrika 1908, 6:1-25. Student, also "Probable Error of a Correlation Coefficient," Biometrika, 6, 302-310.
    • (1908) Biometrika , vol.6 , pp. 1-25
  • 43
    • 34247364003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat Tails
    • Hayes B. Fat Tails. Sci. Am. 2007, 95:200-204.
    • (2007) Sci. Am. , vol.95 , pp. 200-204
    • Hayes, B.1
  • 44
    • 0009591354 scopus 로고
    • United States Atomic Energy Commission, AECU-3259
    • Kahn H. Applications of Monte Carlo 1956, United States Atomic Energy Commission, AECU-3259.
    • (1956) Applications of Monte Carlo
    • Kahn, H.1
  • 49
    • 84882175233 scopus 로고
    • Bit-wise Behavior of Random Number Generators
    • Altman N.S. Bit-wise Behavior of Random Number Generators. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comp. 1989, 9:839-847.
    • (1989) SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comp. , vol.9 , pp. 839-847
    • Altman, N.S.1
  • 51
    • 84968501813 scopus 로고
    • The Lattice Structure of Multiplicative Congruential Pseudorandom Vectors
    • Beyer W.A., Roof R.B., Williamson D. The Lattice Structure of Multiplicative Congruential Pseudorandom Vectors. Math. Comput. 1971, 25:345-363.
    • (1971) Math. Comput. , vol.25 , pp. 345-363
    • Beyer, W.A.1    Roof, R.B.2    Williamson, D.3
  • 52
    • 0020980150 scopus 로고
    • Optimal Multipliers for Pseudorandom Number Generation by the Linear Congruential Method
    • Borosh I., Niederreiter H. Optimal Multipliers for Pseudorandom Number Generation by the Linear Congruential Method. BIT 1983, 23:65-74.
    • (1983) BIT , vol.23 , pp. 65-74
    • Borosh, I.1    Niederreiter, H.2
  • 55
    • 0345971152 scopus 로고
    • Compound Random Number Generators
    • Collins B.J. Compound Random Number Generators. J. Am. Stat. 1987, 82:525-527.
    • (1987) J. Am. Stat. , vol.82 , pp. 525-527
    • Collins, B.J.1
  • 56
    • 0344476954 scopus 로고
    • Long-Range Correlation Analysis of the Wichmann-Hill Random Number Generator
    • De Matteis A., Pagnutti S. Long-Range Correlation Analysis of the Wichmann-Hill Random Number Generator. Stat. Comput. 1993, 3:67-70.
    • (1993) Stat. Comput. , vol.3 , pp. 67-70
    • De Matteis, A.1    Pagnutti, S.2
  • 57
    • 0001349327 scopus 로고
    • Marsaglia's Lattice Test and Non-Linear Congruential Pseudo Random Number Generators
    • Eichenauer J., Grothe H., Lehn J. Marsaglia's Lattice Test and Non-Linear Congruential Pseudo Random Number Generators. Metrika 1988, 35:241-250.
    • (1988) Metrika , vol.35 , pp. 241-250
    • Eichenauer, J.1    Grothe, H.2    Lehn, J.3
  • 58
    • 0000433259 scopus 로고
    • A Nonlinear Congruential Pseudo Random Number Generator
    • Eichenauer J., Lehn J. A Nonlinear Congruential Pseudo Random Number Generator. Statistische Hefte 1986, 27:255-315.
    • (1986) Statistische Hefte , vol.27 , pp. 255-315
    • Eichenauer, J.1    Lehn, J.2
  • 59
    • 84966232835 scopus 로고
    • 2: an Exhaustive Analysis for 2 = 32 and a Partial Analysis for 2 = 48
    • 2: an Exhaustive Analysis for 2 = 32 and a Partial Analysis for 2 = 48. Math. Comput. 1990, 54:331-334.
    • (1990) Math. Comput. , vol.54 , pp. 331-334
    • Fishman, G.S.1
  • 62
    • 0016956057 scopus 로고
    • The Period of Pseudo-Random Numbers Generated by Lehmer's Congruential Method
    • Fuller A.T. The Period of Pseudo-Random Numbers Generated by Lehmer's Congruential Method. Comput. J. 1976, 19:173-177.
    • (1976) Comput. J. , vol.19 , pp. 173-177
    • Fuller, A.T.1
  • 64
    • 0025503132 scopus 로고
    • A Review of Pseudorandom Number Generators
    • James F. A Review of Pseudorandom Number Generators. Comput. Phys. Comm. 1990, 60:329-344.
    • (1990) Comput. Phys. Comm. , vol.60 , pp. 329-344
    • James, F.1
  • 65
    • 0008489840 scopus 로고
    • Semi-Numerical Algorithms
    • Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
    • Knuth D.E. Semi-Numerical Algorithms. The Art of Computer Programming 1981, Vol. 2. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 2nd ed.
    • (1981) The Art of Computer Programming , vol.2
    • Knuth, D.E.1
  • 66
    • 0024029607 scopus 로고
    • Efficient and Portable Combined Random Number Generators
    • L'Ecuyer P. Efficient and Portable Combined Random Number Generators. Commun. ACM 1988, 31:742-749.
    • (1988) Commun. ACM , vol.31 , pp. 742-749
    • L'Ecuyer, P.1
  • 67
    • 0027575056 scopus 로고
    • A Search for Good Multiplicative Recursive Random Number Generators
    • L'Ecuyer P., Blouin F., Couture R. A Search for Good Multiplicative Recursive Random Number Generators. ACM T. Model. Comput. S. 1993, 3:87-98.
    • (1993) ACM T. Model. Comput. S. , vol.3 , pp. 87-98
    • L'Ecuyer, P.1    Blouin, F.2    Couture, R.3
  • 68
    • 0008894603 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical Methods in Large-Scale Computing Units
    • Lehmer D.H. Mathematical Methods in Large-Scale Computing Units. Annu. Comput. Lab. Harvard Univ. 1951, 26:141-146.
    • (1951) Annu. Comput. Lab. Harvard Univ. , vol.26 , pp. 141-146
    • Lehmer, D.H.1
  • 69
    • 0002986905 scopus 로고
    • A Pseudo-Random Number Generator for the System/360
    • Lewis P.A.W., Goodman A.S., Miller J.M. A Pseudo-Random Number Generator for the System/360. IBM Syst. J. 1969, 8:136-146.
    • (1969) IBM Syst. J. , vol.8 , pp. 136-146
    • Lewis, P.A.W.1    Goodman, A.S.2    Miller, J.M.3
  • 70
    • 0002773602 scopus 로고
    • Random Numbers Fall Mainly in the Plane
    • Marsaglia G. Random Numbers Fall Mainly in the Plane. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1968, 61:25-28.
    • (1968) P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.61 , pp. 25-28
    • Marsaglia, G.1
  • 71
    • 0001240132 scopus 로고
    • The Structure of Linear Congruential Sequences
    • Academic Press, New York, S.K. Zaremba (Ed.)
    • Marsaglia G. The Structure of Linear Congruential Sequences. Applications of Number Theory to Numerical Analysis 1972, Academic Press, New York. S.K. Zaremba (Ed.).
    • (1972) Applications of Number Theory to Numerical Analysis
    • Marsaglia, G.1
  • 72
    • 0001760878 scopus 로고
    • A Current View of Random Number Generators
    • Elsevier, Amsterdam, L. Billard (Ed.)
    • Marsaglia G. A Current View of Random Number Generators. Computer Science and Statistics: The Interface 1985, Elsevier, Amsterdam. L. Billard (Ed.).
    • (1985) Computer Science and Statistics: The Interface
    • Marsaglia, G.1
  • 75
    • 0002692460 scopus 로고
    • A New Class of Random Number Generators
    • Marsaglia G., Zaman A. A New Class of Random Number Generators. Ann. Appl. Probab. 1991, 1:462-480.
    • (1991) Ann. Appl. Probab. , vol.1 , pp. 462-480
    • Marsaglia, G.1    Zaman, A.2
  • 76
    • 84882168617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5
    • MCNP, Los Alamos National Lab., Los Alamos, NM, LA-UR-03-1987
    • A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5. Overview and Theory 2003, Vol. I. MCNP, Los Alamos National Lab., Los Alamos, NM, LA-UR-03-1987.
    • (2003) Overview and Theory , vol.I
  • 77
    • 0024090481 scopus 로고
    • Random Number Generators: Good Ones Are Hard to Find
    • Park S.K., Miller K.W. Random Number Generators: Good Ones Are Hard to Find. Commun. ACM 1988, 31:1192-1201.
    • (1988) Commun. ACM , vol.31 , pp. 1192-1201
    • Park, S.K.1    Miller, K.W.2
  • 78
    • 0004633822 scopus 로고
    • Coding the Lehmer Pseudorandom Number Generator
    • Payne W.H., Rabung J.R., Bogyo T.P. Coding the Lehmer Pseudorandom Number Generator. Commun. ACM 1969, 12:85-86.
    • (1969) Commun. ACM , vol.12 , pp. 85-86
    • Payne, W.H.1    Rabung, J.R.2    Bogyo, T.P.3
  • 80
    • 0018478675 scopus 로고
    • A More Portable FORTRAN Random Number Generator
    • Schrage L. A More Portable FORTRAN Random Number Generator. ACM T. Math. Software 1979, 5:132-138.
    • (1979) ACM T. Math. Software , vol.5 , pp. 132-138
    • Schrage, L.1
  • 82
    • 0001312511 scopus 로고
    • An Efficient and Portable Pseudorandom Number Generator
    • (corrections, 1984 ibid.33, 123).
    • Wichmann B.A., Hill I.D. An Efficient and Portable Pseudorandom Number Generator. Applied Statistics 1982, 31:188-190. (corrections, 1984 ibid.33, 123).
    • (1982) Applied Statistics , vol.31 , pp. 188-190
    • Wichmann, B.A.1    Hill, I.D.2
  • 83
    • 84939082241 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, Available through National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA
    • Carter L.L., Cashwell E.D. Particle-Transport Simulation with the Monte Carlo Method 1975, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, Available through National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
    • (1975) Particle-Transport Simulation with the Monte Carlo Method
    • Carter, L.L.1    Cashwell, E.D.2
  • 84
    • 0016069574 scopus 로고
    • On Generating Random Variates from an Empirical Distribution
    • Chen H.C., Asau Y. On Generating Random Variates from an Empirical Distribution. AIIE T. 1974, 6:163-166.
    • (1974) AIIE T. , vol.6 , pp. 163-166
    • Chen, H.C.1    Asau, Y.2
  • 88
    • 0009591354 scopus 로고
    • AECU-3259, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, available through Technical Information Service Extension, Oak Ridge, TN
    • Kahn H. Applications of Monte Carlo 1956, AECU-3259, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, available through Technical Information Service Extension, Oak Ridge, TN.
    • (1956) Applications of Monte Carlo
    • Kahn, H.1
  • 89
    • 0012229002 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Methods in Reactor Computations
    • New York, Gordon and Breach, H. Greenspan, C.N. Kelber, D. Okrent (Eds.)
    • Kalos M.H., Nakache F.R., Celnik J. Monte Carlo Methods in Reactor Computations. Computing Methods in Reactor Physics 1968, New York, Gordon and Breach. H. Greenspan, C.N. Kelber, D. Okrent (Eds.).
    • (1968) Computing Methods in Reactor Physics
    • Kalos, M.H.1    Nakache, F.R.2    Celnik, J.3
  • 90
    • 0000148038 scopus 로고
    • Computer Generation of Random Variables Using the Ratio of Uniform Deviates
    • Kinderman A.J., Monahan J.F. Computer Generation of Random Variables Using the Ratio of Uniform Deviates. ACM T Math. Software 1977, 3:257-260.
    • (1977) ACM T Math. Software , vol.3 , pp. 257-260
    • Kinderman, A.J.1    Monahan, J.F.2
  • 92
    • 4544320340 scopus 로고
    • A Fast Procedure for Generating Exponential Random Variables
    • MacLaren M.D., Marsaglia G., Bray T.A. A Fast Procedure for Generating Exponential Random Variables. Commun. ACM 1964, 7:298-300.
    • (1964) Commun. ACM , vol.7 , pp. 298-300
    • MacLaren, M.D.1    Marsaglia, G.2    Bray, T.A.3
  • 93
    • 40249096288 scopus 로고
    • Generating Discrete Random Variable in a Computer
    • Marsaglia G. Generating Discrete Random Variable in a Computer. Commun. ACM 1963, 6:37-38.
    • (1963) Commun. ACM , vol.6 , pp. 37-38
    • Marsaglia, G.1
  • 95
    • 84882168617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5
    • MCNP, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM, LA-UR-03-1987
    • A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5. Overview and Theory 2003, Vol. I. MCNP, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM, LA-UR-03-1987.
    • (2003) Overview and Theory , vol.I
  • 96
    • 0009888258 scopus 로고
    • A Computer Program for the Generation of Random Variables from any Discrete Distribution
    • Norman J.E., Cannon L.E. A Computer Program for the Generation of Random Variables from any Discrete Distribution. J. Stat. Comput. Sim. 1972, 1:331-348.
    • (1972) J. Stat. Comput. Sim. , vol.1 , pp. 331-348
    • Norman, J.E.1    Cannon, L.E.2
  • 98
    • 0003087344 scopus 로고
    • Various Techniques Used in Connection with Random Digits
    • von Neumann J. Various Techniques Used in Connection with Random Digits. Bur. Stand. Math. Ser. 1951, 12.
    • (1951) Bur. Stand. Math. Ser. , vol.12
    • von Neumann, J.1
  • 99
    • 0022042781 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Variance Comparison for Expected-Value Versus Sampled Splitting
    • Booth T.E. Monte Carlo Variance Comparison for Expected-Value Versus Sampled Splitting. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 1985, 89:305-309.
    • (1985) Nucl. Sci. Eng. , vol.89 , pp. 305-309
    • Booth, T.E.1
  • 100
    • 0026835682 scopus 로고
    • Unbiased Combinations of Nonalog Monte Carlo Techniques and Fair Games
    • Booth T.E., Pederson S.P. Unbiased Combinations of Nonalog Monte Carlo Techniques and Fair Games. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 1992, 110:254-261.
    • (1992) Nucl. Sci. Eng. , vol.110 , pp. 254-261
    • Booth, T.E.1    Pederson, S.P.2
  • 101
    • 0023979638 scopus 로고
    • Algorithm 659: Implementing Sobol's Quasirandom Sequence Generator
    • Bratley P., Fox B.L. Algorithm 659: Implementing Sobol's Quasirandom Sequence Generator. ACM T. Math. Software 1988, 14:88-100.
    • (1988) ACM T. Math. Software , vol.14 , pp. 88-100
    • Bratley, P.1    Fox, B.L.2
  • 102
    • 0002020770 scopus 로고
    • On the Efficiency of Certain Quasi-Random Sequences of Points in Evaluating Multi-Dimensional Integrals
    • Halton J.H. On the Efficiency of Certain Quasi-Random Sequences of Points in Evaluating Multi-Dimensional Integrals. Numer. Math. 1960, 2:84-90.
    • (1960) Numer. Math. , vol.2 , pp. 84-90
    • Halton, J.H.1
  • 103
    • 84960113332 scopus 로고
    • A New Monte Carlo Technique: Antethetic Variates
    • Hammersley J.M., Morton K.W. A New Monte Carlo Technique: Antethetic Variates. P. Camb. Philol. Soc. 1956, 52:449-474.
    • (1956) P. Camb. Philol. Soc. , vol.52 , pp. 449-474
    • Hammersley, J.M.1    Morton, K.W.2
  • 104
    • 0009591354 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, available through Technical Information Service Extension, Oak Ridge, TN, AECU-3259
    • Kahn H. Applications of Monte Carlo 1956, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, available through Technical Information Service Extension, Oak Ridge, TN, AECU-3259.
    • (1956) Applications of Monte Carlo
    • Kahn, H.1
  • 107
    • 0009423093 scopus 로고
    • Weighted Uniform Sampling-A Monte Carlo Technique for Reducing Variance
    • Powell M.I.D., Swann I. Weighted Uniform Sampling-A Monte Carlo Technique for Reducing Variance. J. I. Math. Appl. 1966, 2:228-238.
    • (1966) J. I. Math. Appl. , vol.2 , pp. 228-238
    • Powell, M.I.D.1    Swann, I.2
  • 112
    • 49949136136 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of Points in a Cube and Approximate Evaluation of Integrals
    • Sobol I.M. Distribution of Points in a Cube and Approximate Evaluation of Integrals. USSR Comp. Maths. Math. Phys. 1967, 7(4):86-112.
    • (1967) USSR Comp. Maths. Math. Phys. , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 86-112
    • Sobol, I.M.1
  • 114
    • 34250957557 scopus 로고
    • Sur l'Extension du Théoréme Limite du Calcul des Probabilités aux Sommes de quantités dépendentes
    • Bernstein S.N. Sur l'Extension du Théoréme Limite du Calcul des Probabilités aux Sommes de quantités dépendentes. Math. Ann. 1926, 97:1-59.
    • (1926) Math. Ann. , vol.97 , pp. 1-59
    • Bernstein, S.N.1
  • 116
    • 84950453304 scopus 로고
    • Sampling-based Approaches to Calculating Marginal Densities
    • Gelfand A.E., Smith A.F.M. Sampling-based Approaches to Calculating Marginal Densities. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1990, 85:398-409.
    • (1990) J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , vol.85 , pp. 398-409
    • Gelfand, A.E.1    Smith, A.F.M.2
  • 117
    • 0021518209 scopus 로고
    • Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions and the Bayesian Restoration of Images
    • Geman S., Geman D. Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions and the Bayesian Restoration of Images. IEEE T. Pattern. Anal. 1984, 6:721-741.
    • (1984) IEEE T. Pattern. Anal. , vol.6 , pp. 721-741
    • Geman, S.1    Geman, D.2
  • 118
    • 0003860037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapman & Hall, New York, W.R. Gilks, S. Richardson, D.J. Spiegelhalter (Eds.)
    • Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice 1996, Chapman & Hall, New York. W.R. Gilks, S. Richardson, D.J. Spiegelhalter (Eds.).
    • (1996) Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice
  • 119
    • 77956890234 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Sampling Methods Using Markov Chains and Their Applications
    • Hastings W.K. Monte Carlo Sampling Methods Using Markov Chains and Their Applications. Biometrika 1970, 57(1):97-109.
    • (1970) Biometrika , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-109
    • Hastings, W.K.1
  • 120
    • 84882189837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Perturbation Based Monte Carlo Method for Radiotherapy Treatment Planning
    • Hugtenburg R.P. A Perturbation Based Monte Carlo Method for Radiotherapy Treatment Planning. Radiother. Oncol. 1999, 51:S30.
    • (1999) Radiother. Oncol. , vol.51
    • Hugtenburg, R.P.1
  • 122
    • 0009822011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Archaeological Example: Radiocarbon Dating
    • Chapman & Hall, New York, W.R. Gilks, S. Richardson, D.J. Spiegelhalter (Eds.)
    • Litton C., Buck C. An Archaeological Example: Radiocarbon Dating. Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice 1996, Chapman & Hall, New York. W.R. Gilks, S. Richardson, D.J. Spiegelhalter (Eds.).
    • (1996) Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice
    • Litton, C.1    Buck, C.2
  • 124
    • 0012526528 scopus 로고
    • Rasprostranenie zakona bol'shih chisel na velichiny, zavisyaschie drug ot druga [Extension of the Law of Large Numbers to Dependent Quantitites]
    • (2nd Ser.)
    • Markov A.A. Rasprostranenie zakona bol'shih chisel na velichiny, zavisyaschie drug ot druga [Extension of the Law of Large Numbers to Dependent Quantitites]. Izv. Fiz.-Matem. Obsch. Kazan Univ. 1906, 15(94):135-156. (2nd Ser.).
    • (1906) Izv. Fiz.-Matem. Obsch. Kazan Univ. , vol.15 , Issue.94 , pp. 135-156
    • Markov, A.A.1
  • 125
  • 127
    • 0036608343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Analysis of Inverse Problems
    • Mosegaard K., Sambridge M. Monte Carlo Analysis of Inverse Problems. Inverse Probl. 2002, 18:R29-R54.
    • (2002) Inverse Probl. , vol.18
    • Mosegaard, K.1    Sambridge, M.2
  • 129
    • 0005193926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exact Sampling with Coupled Markov Chains and Applications to Statistical Mechanics
    • Popp J.G., Wilson D.B. Exact Sampling with Coupled Markov Chains and Applications to Statistical Mechanics. Random Stuct. Algor. 1996, 9(1-2):223-252.
    • (1996) Random Stuct. Algor. , vol.9 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 223-252
    • Popp, J.G.1    Wilson, D.B.2
  • 130
    • 0000576595 scopus 로고
    • Markov Chains for Exploring Posterior Distributions (with Discussion)
    • Tierney L. Markov Chains for Exploring Posterior Distributions (with Discussion). Ann. Statist. 1994, 22(4):1701-1762.
    • (1994) Ann. Statist. , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 1701-1762
    • Tierney, L.1
  • 131
    • 84882230210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Signal Processing for Digital Communications: Principles and Applications, Ch. 26
    • CRC Press, New York, M. Ibnkahia (Ed.)
    • Wang X. Monte Carlo Signal Processing for Digital Communications: Principles and Applications, Ch. 26. Signal Processing for Mobile Communications Handbook 2005, CRC Press, New York. M. Ibnkahia (Ed.).
    • (2005) Signal Processing for Mobile Communications Handbook
    • Wang, X.1
  • 133
    • 0037922234 scopus 로고
    • Inverse Monte Carlo Analysis
    • Dunn W.L. Inverse Monte Carlo Analysis. J. Comput. Phys. 1981, 41(1):154-166.
    • (1981) J. Comput. Phys. , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-166
    • Dunn, W.L.1
  • 134
    • 0005556613 scopus 로고
    • Inverse Monte Carlo Solutions for Radiative Transfer in Inhomogeneous Media
    • Dunn W.L. Inverse Monte Carlo Solutions for Radiative Transfer in Inhomogeneous Media. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra. 1983, 29(1):19-26.
    • (1983) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-26
    • Dunn, W.L.1
  • 135
    • 33845516339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Inverse Monte Carlo Formalism for Solving Inverse Radiation Problems
    • Dunn W.L. The Inverse Monte Carlo Formalism for Solving Inverse Radiation Problems. T. Am. Nucl. Soc. 2006, 45:532-533.
    • (2006) T. Am. Nucl. Soc. , vol.45 , pp. 532-533
    • Dunn, W.L.1
  • 136
    • 67651111816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Methods for Design and Analysis of Radiation Detectors
    • Dunn W.L., Shultis J.K. Monte Carlo Methods for Design and Analysis of Radiation Detectors. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2009, 78:852-858.
    • (2009) Radiat. Phys. Chem. , vol.78 , pp. 852-858
    • Dunn, W.L.1    Shultis, J.K.2
  • 138
    • 0022030149 scopus 로고
    • Applications of the Inverse Monte Carlo Method in Photon Beam Physics
    • Dunn W.L., Boffi V.C., O'foghludha F. Applications of the Inverse Monte Carlo Method in Photon Beam Physics. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1987, 255:147-151.
    • (1987) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A , vol.255 , pp. 147-151
    • Dunn, W.L.1    Boffi, V.C.2    O'foghludha, F.3
  • 139
    • 0021373178 scopus 로고
    • Inverse Monte Carlo: A Unified Reconstruction Algorithm for SPECT
    • Floyd C.E., Jaszczak R.J., Coleman R.E. Inverse Monte Carlo: A Unified Reconstruction Algorithm for SPECT. IEEE T. Nucl. Sci. 1985, NS-32:779-785.
    • (1985) IEEE T. Nucl. Sci. , vol.NS-32 , pp. 779-785
    • Floyd, C.E.1    Jaszczak, R.J.2    Coleman, R.E.3
  • 140
    • 0023029877 scopus 로고
    • Inverse Monte Carlo as a Unified Reconstruction Algorithm for ECT
    • Floyd C.E., Jaszczak R.J., Greer K.L., Coleman R.E. Inverse Monte Carlo as a Unified Reconstruction Algorithm for ECT. J. Nucl. Med. 1986, 27(10):1577-1585.
    • (1986) J. Nucl. Med. , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 1577-1585
    • Floyd, C.E.1    Jaszczak, R.J.2    Greer, K.L.3    Coleman, R.E.4
  • 141
    • 0029076401 scopus 로고
    • Optical Properties of Ocular Fundus Tissues-an in Vitro Study using the Double-Integrating-Sphere Technique and Inverse Monte Carlo Simulation
    • Hammer M., Roggan A., Muller G. Optical Properties of Ocular Fundus Tissues-an in Vitro Study using the Double-Integrating-Sphere Technique and Inverse Monte Carlo Simulation. Phys. Med. Biol. 1995, 40:963-978.
    • (1995) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.40 , pp. 963-978
    • Hammer, M.1    Roggan, A.2    Muller, G.3
  • 142
    • 44949276456 scopus 로고
    • A Complete Inverse Monte Carlo Model for Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis
    • Michael M. A Complete Inverse Monte Carlo Model for Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1991, 301(3):523-542.
    • (1991) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A , vol.301 , Issue.3 , pp. 523-542
    • Michael, M.1
  • 143
    • 0036608343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Analysis of Inverse Problems
    • Mosegaard K., Sambridge M. Monte Carlo Analysis of Inverse Problems. Inverse Probl. 2002, 18:R29-R54.
    • (2002) Inverse Probl. , vol.18
    • Mosegaard, K.1    Sambridge, M.2
  • 144
    • 0029481451 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Sampling of Solutions to Inverse Problems
    • 431-12,447
    • Mosegaard K., Tarantola A. Monte Carlo Sampling of Solutions to Inverse Problems. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100(B7):12,431-12,447.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.B7 , pp. 12
    • Mosegaard, K.1    Tarantola, A.2
  • 146
    • 0001552685 scopus 로고
    • Solution of the Inverse Radiation Problem for Inhomogeneous and Anisotropically Scattering Media Using a Monte Carlo Technique
    • Subramaniam S., Menguc M.P. Solution of the Inverse Radiation Problem for Inhomogeneous and Anisotropically Scattering Media Using a Monte Carlo Technique. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 1991, 34(1):253-266.
    • (1991) Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 253-266
    • Subramaniam, S.1    Menguc, M.P.2
  • 147
    • 33845516097 scopus 로고
    • Application of the Inverse Monte Carlo Method to Energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
    • Yacout A.M., Dunn W.L. Application of the Inverse Monte Carlo Method to Energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence. Adv. X-Ray Anal. 1987, 30:113-120.
    • (1987) Adv. X-Ray Anal. , vol.30 , pp. 113-120
    • Yacout, A.M.1    Dunn, W.L.2
  • 148
    • 0000148433 scopus 로고
    • Exact Monte Carlo Solution of Elliptic Partial Differential Equations
    • Booth T.E. Exact Monte Carlo Solution of Elliptic Partial Differential Equations. J. Comput. Phys. 1981, 39:396-404.
    • (1981) J. Comput. Phys. , vol.39 , pp. 396-404
    • Booth, T.E.1
  • 149
    • 23744516459 scopus 로고
    • Sampling Methods Applied to Differential and Difference Equations
    • IBM Corp., New York
    • Curtiss J.H. Sampling Methods Applied to Differential and Difference Equations. Proc. Seminar on Scientific Computing 1949, IBM Corp., New York.
    • (1949) Proc. Seminar on Scientific Computing
    • Curtiss, J.H.1
  • 151
    • 0000335967 scopus 로고
    • The Solution of Heat Conduction Problems by Probability Methods
    • Haji-Sheikh A., Sparrow E.M. The Solution of Heat Conduction Problems by Probability Methods. J. Heat Transf. 1967, 89:121-131.
    • (1967) J. Heat Transf. , vol.89 , pp. 121-131
    • Haji-Sheikh, A.1    Sparrow, E.M.2
  • 153
    • 0013405225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient Modified 'Walk on Spheres' Algorithm for the Linearized Poisson-Boltzmann Equation
    • Hwang C., Mascagni M. Efficient Modified 'Walk on Spheres' Algorithm for the Linearized Poisson-Boltzmann Equation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78(6):787-789.
    • (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.78 , Issue.6 , pp. 787-789
    • Hwang, C.1    Mascagni, M.2
  • 156
    • 0000535343 scopus 로고
    • Some Continuous Monte Carlo Methods for the Dirichlet Problem
    • Muller M.E. Some Continuous Monte Carlo Methods for the Dirichlet Problem. Ann. Math. Stat. 1956, 27(3):569-589.
    • (1956) Ann. Math. Stat. , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 569-589
    • Muller, M.E.1
  • 161
    • 0036146114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast Iterative Methods for Discrete-Ordinates Particle Transport Calculations
    • Adams M.L., Larsen E.L. Fast Iterative Methods for Discrete-Ordinates Particle Transport Calculations. Prog. Nucl. Energ. 2002, 40(1):3-159.
    • (2002) Prog. Nucl. Energ. , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-159
    • Adams, M.L.1    Larsen, E.L.2
  • 163
    • 0000523767 scopus 로고
    • Adjoint and Importance in Monte Carlo Applications
    • Coveyou R.R., Cain V.R., Yost K.J. Adjoint and Importance in Monte Carlo Applications. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 1967, 27:219-234.
    • (1967) Nucl. Sci. Eng. , vol.27 , pp. 219-234
    • Coveyou, R.R.1    Cain, V.R.2    Yost, K.J.3
  • 166
    • 0020116305 scopus 로고
    • A Review of Neutron Transport Approximations
    • Sanchez R., McCormick N.J. A Review of Neutron Transport Approximations. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 1982, 80:481-535.
    • (1982) Nucl. Sci. Eng. , vol.80 , pp. 481-535
    • Sanchez, R.1    McCormick, N.J.2
  • 169
    • 0020722141 scopus 로고
    • An Assessment of Existing Klein-Nishina Monte Carlo Sampling Methods
    • Blomquist R.N., Gelbard E.M. An Assessment of Existing Klein-Nishina Monte Carlo Sampling Methods. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 1983, 83:380-384.
    • (1983) Nucl. Sci. Eng. , vol.83 , pp. 380-384
    • Blomquist, R.N.1    Gelbard, E.M.2
  • 173
    • 0009591354 scopus 로고
    • The Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA, Report AECU-3259
    • Kahn H. Applications of Monte Carlo 1956, The Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA, Report AECU-3259.
    • (1956) Applications of Monte Carlo
    • Kahn, H.1
  • 174
    • 0012229002 scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Methods in Reactor Computations
    • Gordon and Breach, New York, H. Greenspan, C.N. Kelber, D. Okrent (Eds.)
    • Kalos M.H., Nakache F.R., Celnik J. Monte Carlo Methods in Reactor Computations. Computing Methods in Reactor Physics 1968, Gordon and Breach, New York. H. Greenspan, C.N. Kelber, D. Okrent (Eds.).
    • (1968) Computing Methods in Reactor Physics
    • Kalos, M.H.1    Nakache, F.R.2    Celnik, J.3
  • 176
    • 84882168617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5
    • MCNP, Los Alamos National Lab, NM, LA-UR-03-1987
    • A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5. Overview and Theory 2003, Vol. I. MCNP, Los Alamos National Lab, NM, LA-UR-03-1987.
    • (2003) Overview and Theory , vol.I
  • 181
    • 84882107432 scopus 로고
    • Computer Methods for Sampling from Gamma, Beta, Poison, and Binomial Distributions
    • Ahrens J.H., Dieter U. Computer Methods for Sampling from Gamma, Beta, Poison, and Binomial Distributions. Computing 1974, 25:193-208.
    • (1974) Computing , vol.25 , pp. 193-208
    • Ahrens, J.H.1    Dieter, U.2
  • 182
    • 0024104989 scopus 로고
    • Efficient Table-Free Sampling Methods for the Exponential, Cauchy and Normal Distributions
    • Ahrens J.H., Dieter U. Efficient Table-Free Sampling Methods for the Exponential, Cauchy and Normal Distributions. Commun. ACM 1988, 31:1330-1337.
    • (1988) Commun. ACM , vol.31 , pp. 1330-1337
    • Ahrens, J.H.1    Dieter, U.2
  • 183
    • 0001953226 scopus 로고
    • A Convenient Sampling Method with Bounded Computing Times for Poisson Distributions
    • American Science Press, Columbus, OH, P.R. Nelson, E.J. Dudewicz, A. Öztürk, E.C. van der Meulen (Eds.)
    • Ahrens J.H., Dieter U. A Convenient Sampling Method with Bounded Computing Times for Poisson Distributions. The Frontiers of Statistical Computation, Simulation and Modeling 1991, 137-149. American Science Press, Columbus, OH. P.R. Nelson, E.J. Dudewicz, A. Öztürk, E.C. van der Meulen (Eds.).
    • (1991) The Frontiers of Statistical Computation, Simulation and Modeling , pp. 137-149
    • Ahrens, J.H.1    Dieter, U.2
  • 184
    • 0039972924 scopus 로고
    • The Computer Generation of Poisson Random Variables
    • Atkinson A.C. The Computer Generation of Poisson Random Variables. Appl. Stat. 1979, 28:29-35.
    • (1979) Appl. Stat. , vol.28 , pp. 29-35
    • Atkinson, A.C.1
  • 185
    • 84882135383 scopus 로고
    • A Switching Algorithm for the Computer Generation of Beta Random Variables with at Least One Parameter Less than One
    • Atkinson A.C., Whittaker J. A Switching Algorithm for the Computer Generation of Beta Random Variables with at Least One Parameter Less than One. J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. A-G 1976, 139:462-467.
    • (1976) J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. A-G , vol.139 , pp. 462-467
    • Atkinson, A.C.1    Whittaker, J.2
  • 186
    • 0001606954 scopus 로고
    • A Note on Gamma Variate Generators with Shape Parameter Less Than Unity
    • Best D.J. A Note on Gamma Variate Generators with Shape Parameter Less Than Unity. Computing 1983, 30:152-157.
    • (1983) Computing , vol.30 , pp. 152-157
    • Best, D.J.1
  • 187
    • 0001541731 scopus 로고
    • A Note on the Generation of Normal Deviates
    • Box G.E.P., Muller M.E. A Note on the Generation of Normal Deviates. Annm. Math. Stat. 1958, 29(2):610-611.
    • (1958) Annm. Math. Stat. , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 610-611
    • Box, G.E.P.1    Muller, M.E.2
  • 188
    • 84976841221 scopus 로고
    • Generating Beta Variates with Non Integral Shape Parameters
    • Cheng R.C.H. Generating Beta Variates with Non Integral Shape Parameters. Commun. ACM 1978, 21:290-295.
    • (1978) Commun. ACM , vol.21 , pp. 290-295
    • Cheng, R.C.H.1
  • 189
    • 0009887446 scopus 로고
    • Some Simple Gamma Variate Generators
    • Cheng R.C.H., Feast G.M. Some Simple Gamma Variate Generators. Appl. Stat. 1979, 28:290-295.
    • (1979) Appl. Stat. , vol.28 , pp. 290-295
    • Cheng, R.C.H.1    Feast, G.M.2
  • 190
    • 0019677280 scopus 로고
    • The Computer Generation of Poisson Random Variables
    • Devroye L. The Computer Generation of Poisson Random Variables. Computing 1981, 26:197-207.
    • (1981) Computing , vol.26 , pp. 197-207
    • Devroye, L.1
  • 192
    • 4544381404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flaw Detection by X-ray Backscattering Using the Rolling-window Template-matching Procedure
    • Dunn W.L. Flaw Detection by X-ray Backscattering Using the Rolling-window Template-matching Procedure. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2004, 61(6):217-1225.
    • (2004) Appl. Radiat. Isot. , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 217-1225
    • Dunn, W.L.1
  • 197
    • 84944837616 scopus 로고
    • Erzeugung von Betaverteilter und Gammaverteilter Zufallszahlen
    • Jöhnk M.D. Erzeugung von Betaverteilter und Gammaverteilter Zufallszahlen. Metrika 1964, 8:5-15.
    • (1964) Metrika , vol.8 , pp. 5-15
    • Jöhnk, M.D.1
  • 203
    • 0005136555 scopus 로고
    • A Modal Method for Generating Binomial Varriables
    • Kemp C.D. A Modal Method for Generating Binomial Varriables. Commun. Stat. 1986, 15:805-813.
    • (1986) Commun. Stat. , vol.15 , pp. 805-813
    • Kemp, C.D.1
  • 205
    • 0003303959 scopus 로고
    • New Methods for Generating Student's t and Gamma Variables
    • Kinderman A.J., Monahan J.F. New Methods for Generating Student's t and Gamma Variables. Computing 1980, 25:367-377.
    • (1980) Computing , vol.25 , pp. 367-377
    • Kinderman, A.J.1    Monahan, J.F.2
  • 206
    • 0011928309 scopus 로고
    • A Variant of the Acceptance/Rejection Method for Generating Random Variables
    • Kronmal J.C., Peterson A.V. A Variant of the Acceptance/Rejection Method for Generating Random Variables. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1981, 76:446-451.
    • (1981) J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , vol.76 , pp. 446-451
    • Kronmal, J.C.1    Peterson, A.V.2
  • 207
    • 0009915780 scopus 로고
    • The Exact-Approximation Method for Generating Random Variables in a Computer
    • Marsaglia G. The Exact-Approximation Method for Generating Random Variables in a Computer. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1984, 79:218-221.
    • (1984) J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , vol.79 , pp. 218-221
    • Marsaglia, G.1
  • 211
    • 0346535591 scopus 로고
    • Beta Variate Generation via Exponential Majorizing Functions
    • Corrected Oper. Res., 31, 802.
    • Schmeiser B.W., Babu A.J.G. Beta Variate Generation via Exponential Majorizing Functions. Oper. Res. 1980, 28:719-926. Corrected Oper. Res., 31, 802.
    • (1980) Oper. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 719-926
    • Schmeiser, B.W.1    Babu, A.J.G.2
  • 212
    • 6244300083 scopus 로고
    • Poisson Random Variate Generation
    • School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN
    • Schmeiser B.W., Kachitvichyanukul V. Poisson Random Variate Generation. Res. Memo. 1981, 81-84. School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
    • (1981) Res. Memo. , pp. 81-84
    • Schmeiser, B.W.1    Kachitvichyanukul, V.2
  • 214
    • 84882192057 scopus 로고
    • Generating Student's t Variates by a Modified Rejection Method
    • Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, W. Grossmann, G. Plug, W. Wertz (Eds.)
    • Stadlober E. Generating Student's t Variates by a Modified Rejection Method. Probability and Statistical Inference 1982, 349-360. Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. W. Grossmann, G. Plug, W. Wertz (Eds.).
    • (1982) Probability and Statistical Inference , pp. 349-360
    • Stadlober, E.1
  • 215
    • 84882096159 scopus 로고
    • Binomial Variate Generation: A Method Based on Ratios of Uniforms
    • American Science Press, Columbus, OH, P.R. Nelson, E.J. Dudewicz, A. Öztürk, E.C. van der Meulen (Eds.)
    • Stadlober E. Binomial Variate Generation: A Method Based on Ratios of Uniforms. The Frontiers of Statistical Computation, Simulation and Modeling 1991, 93-112. American Science Press, Columbus, OH. P.R. Nelson, E.J. Dudewicz, A. Öztürk, E.C. van der Meulen (Eds.).
    • (1991) The Frontiers of Statistical Computation, Simulation and Modeling , pp. 93-112
    • Stadlober, E.1
  • 216
    • 0344592389 scopus 로고
    • Generating Beta Variates via Patchwork Rejection
    • Zechner H., Stadlober E. Generating Beta Variates via Patchwork Rejection. Computing 1993, 50:1-18.
    • (1993) Computing , vol.50 , pp. 1-18
    • Zechner, H.1    Stadlober, E.2
  • 217
    • 0004175011 scopus 로고
    • Impensis Thurnisiorum, Fratrun, Basilea, This posthumus Latin work was subsequently published in German as Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung in two volumes by Englemann, Leipzig, 1899.
    • Bernoulli J. Ars Conjectandi 1713, Impensis Thurnisiorum, Fratrun, Basilea, This posthumus Latin work was subsequently published in German as Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung in two volumes by Englemann, Leipzig, 1899.
    • (1713) Ars Conjectandi
    • Bernoulli, J.1
  • 219
    • 0000214369 scopus 로고
    • An Elementary Proof of the Strong Law of Large Numbers
    • Etemadi N. An Elementary Proof of the Strong Law of Large Numbers. Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie verw. Gegiete 1981, 55:119-122.
    • (1981) Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie verw. Gegiete , vol.55 , pp. 119-122
    • Etemadi, N.1
  • 224
    • 84882232164 scopus 로고
    • Republished: Smith, D.E. 1959, "A Method of Approximating the Sum of Terms of the Binomial (a + b)n Expanded into a Series, from Whence Are Deduced Some Practical Rules to Estimate the Degree of Assent Which Is to be Given to Experiments," A Source Book in Mathematics, Dover, New York
    • Moivre, Abraham De 1733, Approximatio ad Summam Terminorum Binomii (a + b)n in Seriem Expansi. Republished: Smith, D.E. 1959, "A Method of Approximating the Sum of Terms of the Binomial (a + b)n Expanded into a Series, from Whence Are Deduced Some Practical Rules to Estimate the Degree of Assent Which Is to be Given to Experiments," A Source Book in Mathematics, Vol. 2, 566-575, Dover, New York.
    • (1733) Approximatio ad Summam Terminorum Binomii (a + b)n in Seriem Expansi , vol.2 , pp. 566-575
    • De Moivre, A.1
  • 226
    • 84882105161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COG-Publicly Available Now to Criticality Safety Practitioners, UCRL-CONF-224715, 05/28/2007, (ICNC-2007).
    • Buck, R.M., D.E. Cullen, D.P. Heinrichs, E.M. Lent, D.E. Nielson Jr., and K.E. Sale 2007, COG-Publicly Available Now to Criticality Safety Practitioners, UCRL-CONF-224715, 05/28/2007, (ICNC-2007).
    • (2007)
    • Buck, R.M.1    Cullen, D.E.2    Heinrichs, D.P.3    Lent, E.M.4    Nielson Jr, D.E.5    Sale, K.E.6
  • 227
    • 84882230405 scopus 로고
    • COG: A New, High-Resolution Code for Modeling Radiation Transport, UCRL-52000-93-6
    • Buck, R.M. and E.M. Lent 1993, COG: A New, High-Resolution Code for Modeling Radiation Transport, UCRL-52000-93-6.
    • (1993)
    • Buck, R.M.1    Lent, E.M.2
  • 231
    • 84882233191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COG Validation: SINBAD Benchmark Problems, UCRL-TR-202654, 03/02/2004
    • Descalle, M.-A., R.M. Buck, E.M. Lent, and K.E. Sale 2004, COG Validation: SINBAD Benchmark Problems, UCRL-TR-202654, 03/02/2004.
    • (2004)
    • Descalle, M.-A.1    Buck, R.M.2    Lent, E.M.3    Sale, K.E.4
  • 232
    • 84882159503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photonuclear Benchmarks with a Comparison of COG and MCNPX Results, UCRL-CONF-200552, 10/15/2003
    • Heinrichs, D.P. and E.M. Lent 2003, Photonuclear Benchmarks with a Comparison of COG and MCNPX Results, UCRL-CONF-200552, 10/15/2003.
    • (2003)
    • Heinrichs, D.P.1    Lent, E.M.2
  • 234
    • 0034104708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate Condensed History Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Transport. I. EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version
    • Kawrakow I. Accurate Condensed History Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Transport. I. EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version. Med. Phys. 2000, 27:485-498.
    • (2000) Med. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 485-498
    • Kawrakow, I.1
  • 235
    • 0034023628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate Condensed History Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Transport. II. Application to Ion Chamber Response Simulations
    • Kawrakow I. Accurate Condensed History Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Transport. II. Application to Ion Chamber Response Simulations. Med. Phys. 2000, 27:499-513.
    • (2000) Med. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 499-513
    • Kawrakow, I.1
  • 236
    • 33746660928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, Technical Report PIRS-898
    • Kawrakow I. EGSnrc C++ Class Library 2005, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, Technical Report PIRS-898.
    • (2005) EGSnrc C++ Class Library
    • Kawrakow, I.1
  • 237
    • 0032024859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the Representation of Electron Multiple Elastic-Scattering Distributions for Monte Carlo Calculations
    • Kawrakow I., Bielajew A.F. On the Representation of Electron Multiple Elastic-Scattering Distributions for Monte Carlo Calculations. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 1998, 134:325-336.
    • (1998) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.134 , pp. 325-336
    • Kawrakow, I.1    Bielajew, A.F.2
  • 238
    • 0032114821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the Condensed History Technique for Electron Transport
    • Kawrakow I., Bielajew A.F. On the Condensed History Technique for Electron Transport. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 1998, 142:253-280.
    • (1998) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B , vol.142 , pp. 253-280
    • Kawrakow, I.1    Bielajew, A.F.2
  • 242
    • 84882121297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BEAMnrc Users Manual, NRC Report PIRS 509(a) (revI)
    • Rogers, D.W.O., B. Walters, and I. Kawrakow 2005, BEAMnrc Users Manual, NRC Report PIRS 509(a) (revI).
    • (2005)
    • Rogers, D.W.O.1    Walters, B.2    Kawrakow, I.3
  • 243
    • 84882212369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DOSXYZnrc Users Manual, NRC Report PIRS 794 (rev B)
    • Walters, B.R.B., I. Kawrakow, and D.W.O Rogers 2005, DOSXYZnrc Users Manual, NRC Report PIRS 794 (rev B).
    • (2005)
    • Walters, B.R.B.1    Kawrakow, I.2    Rogers, D.W.O.3
  • 244
    • 0038377458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GEANT4-A Simulation Toolkit
    • Agostinelli S., et al. GEANT4-A Simulation Toolkit. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 2003, 506:250-303.
    • (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.506 , pp. 250-303
    • Agostinelli, S.1
  • 245
    • 33645696556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GEANT4 Developments and Applications
    • Allison J., et al. GEANT4 Developments and Applications. IEEE T. Nucl. Sci. 2006, 53:270-278.
    • (2006) IEEE T. Nucl. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 270-278
    • Allison, J.1
  • 249
    • 50849106083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validating Geant4 Versions 7.1 and 8.3 Against 6.1 for BaBar
    • Banerjee S. Validating Geant4 Versions 7.1 and 8.3 Against 6.1 for BaBar. J. Phys. Conf. Series 2008, 119:032007.
    • (2008) J. Phys. Conf. Series , vol.119 , pp. 032007
    • Banerjee, S.1
  • 250
    • 51049111153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Readiness of CMS Simulation Towards LHC Startup
    • Banerjee S. Readiness of CMS Simulation Towards LHC Startup. J. Phys. Conf. Series 2008, 119:032006.
    • (2008) J. Phys. Conf. Series , vol.119 , pp. 032006
    • Banerjee, S.1
  • 251
    • 33846882842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological Dose Calculation with Monte Carlo Physics Simulation for Heavy-ion Radiotherapy
    • Kase Y., Anematsu N.K., Kana T., Matsufuji N. Biological Dose Calculation with Monte Carlo Physics Simulation for Heavy-ion Radiotherapy. Phys. Med. Biol. 2006, 51:N467-N475.
    • (2006) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.51
    • Kase, Y.1    Anematsu, N.K.2    Kana, T.3    Matsufuji, N.4
  • 252
    • 77955361041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Status of the Simulation Project for the ATLAS Experiment in View of the LHC Startup
    • Ueda, et al. The Status of the Simulation Project for the ATLAS Experiment in View of the LHC Startup. J. Phys. Conf. Series 2010, 219:032060.
    • (2010) J. Phys. Conf. Series , vol.219 , pp. 032060
    • Ueda1
  • 255
    • 84882107764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-5 Monte Carlo Team 2008, "MCNP - A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5," Los Alamos Report LA-UR-03-1987, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM.
    • X-5 Monte Carlo Team 2008, "MCNP - A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5," Los Alamos Report LA-UR-03-1987, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM.
  • 256
    • 20444426644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM, Los Alamos Report LA-UR-05-2675
    • Hendricks J.S., et al. MCNPX Extensions Version 2.5.0 2005, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM, Los Alamos Report LA-UR-05-2675.
    • (2005) MCNPX Extensions Version 2.5.0
    • Hendricks, J.S.1
  • 257
    • 77956218204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM, Los Alamos Report LA-UR-08-2216
    • Hendricks J.S., et al. MCNPX Extensions Version 2.6.0 2008, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM, Los Alamos Report LA-UR-08-2216.
    • (2008) MCNPX Extensions Version 2.6.0
    • Hendricks, J.S.1
  • 258
    • 0002282383 scopus 로고
    • Diffusion of Polarized Photons in the Frame of the Transport Theory
    • Fernandez J.E., Molinari V.G. Diffusion of Polarized Photons in the Frame of the Transport Theory. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 1993, 73:341-351.
    • (1993) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.73 , pp. 341-351
    • Fernandez, J.E.1    Molinari, V.G.2
  • 259
    • 0242578492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion of Photons with Arbitrary State of Polarization: The Monte Carlo Code MCSHAPE
    • Fernandez J.E., Molinari V.G., Bastiano M., Scot V. Diffusion of Photons with Arbitrary State of Polarization: The Monte Carlo Code MCSHAPE. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 2004, 213:105-107.
    • (2004) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.213 , pp. 105-107
    • Fernandez, J.E.1    Molinari, V.G.2    Bastiano, M.3    Scot, V.4
  • 260
    • 34547557461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deterministic and Monte Carlo Codes for Multiple Scattering Photon Transport with Arbitrary Polarization States
    • Fernandez J.E., Scot V. Deterministic and Monte Carlo Codes for Multiple Scattering Photon Transport with Arbitrary Polarization States. Spectrochim. Acta B 2007, 62:517-528.
    • (2007) Spectrochim. Acta B , vol.62 , pp. 517-528
    • Fernandez, J.E.1    Scot, V.2
  • 261
    • 34548858697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unbiased Monte Carlo Simulation of the Compton Profile
    • Fernamdez J.E., Scot V. Unbiased Monte Carlo Simulation of the Compton Profile. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 2007, 263:209-213.
    • (2007) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.263 , pp. 209-213
    • Fernamdez, J.E.1    Scot, V.2
  • 262
    • 67651085315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the Detector Response Function with the Code MCSHAPE
    • Fernandez J.E., Scot V. Simulation of the Detector Response Function with the Code MCSHAPE. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2009, 78(10):882-887.
    • (2009) Radiat. Phys. Chem. , vol.78 , Issue.10 , pp. 882-887
    • Fernandez, J.E.1    Scot, V.2
  • 263
    • 34548828808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D Extension of the Monte Carlo Code MCSHAPE for Photon-Matter Interactions in Heterogeneous Media
    • Scot V., Fernandez J.E., Vincze L., Janssens K. 3D Extension of the Monte Carlo Code MCSHAPE for Photon-Matter Interactions in Heterogeneous Media. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 2007, 263:204-208.
    • (2007) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.263 , pp. 204-208
    • Scot, V.1    Fernandez, J.E.2    Vincze, L.3    Janssens, K.4
  • 264
    • 0000568204 scopus 로고
    • On the Composition and Resolution of Streams of Polarized Light from Different Sources
    • Stokes G.G. On the Composition and Resolution of Streams of Polarized Light from Different Sources. Trans. Cambridge. Phil. Soc. 1852, 9:399-416.
    • (1852) Trans. Cambridge. Phil. Soc. , vol.9 , pp. 399-416
    • Stokes, G.G.1
  • 265
    • 79956002389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Simulation of Bremsstrahlung Emission by Electrons
    • Acosta E., Llovet X., Salvat F. Monte Carlo Simulation of Bremsstrahlung Emission by Electrons. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80:3228-3230.
    • (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.80 , pp. 3228-3230
    • Acosta, E.1    Llovet, X.2    Salvat, F.3
  • 266
    • 58149210333 scopus 로고
    • PENELOPE: An Algorithm for Monte Carlo Simulation of the Penetration and Energy Loss of Electrons and Positrons in Matter
    • Baró J., Sempau J., Fernández-varea J.M., Salvat F. PENELOPE: An Algorithm for Monte Carlo Simulation of the Penetration and Energy Loss of Electrons and Positrons in Matter. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 1995, 100:31-46.
    • (1995) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.100 , pp. 31-46
    • Baró, J.1    Sempau, J.2    Fernández-varea, J.M.3    Salvat, F.4
  • 269
    • 0001644026 scopus 로고
    • Semiempirical Cross Sections for the Simulation of the Energy Loss of Electrons and Positrons in Matter
    • Salvat F., Fernández-varea J.M. Semiempirical Cross Sections for the Simulation of the Energy Loss of Electrons and Positrons in Matter. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 1993, 63:255-269.
    • (1993) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B , vol.63 , pp. 255-269
    • Salvat, F.1    Fernández-varea, J.M.2
  • 276
    • 0034670279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MORSE: Present Capabilities and Future Directions
    • Emmett M.B. MORSE: Present Capabilities and Future Directions. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 2000, 53(4-5):863-866.
    • (2000) Appl. Radiat. Isotopes , vol.53 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 863-866
    • Emmett, M.B.1
  • 279
    • 0037222748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo Variance Reduction with Deterministic Importance Functions
    • Haghighat A., Wagner J.C. Monte Carlo Variance Reduction with Deterministic Importance Functions. Prog. Nucl. Energ. 2003, 42(1):25-53.
    • (2003) Prog. Nucl. Energ. , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-53
    • Haghighat, A.1    Wagner, J.C.2
  • 280
    • 1842588312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perturbation Theory Eigenvalue Sensitivity Analysis With Monte Carlo Techniques
    • Rearden B.T. Perturbation Theory Eigenvalue Sensitivity Analysis With Monte Carlo Techniques. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 2004, 146(3):367-382.
    • (2004) Nucl. Sci. Eng. , vol.146 , Issue.3 , pp. 367-382
    • Rearden, B.T.1
  • 281
    • 0003894050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCALE, ORNL/TM-2005/39, Version 5.1, Vols. I-III, November 2006. Available from Radiation Safety Information Computational Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory as CCC-732.
    • SCALE 2006, SCALE: A Modular Code System for Performing Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluations, ORNL/TM-2005/39, Version 5.1, Vols. I-III, November 2006. Available from Radiation Safety Information Computational Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory as CCC-732.
    • (2006) SCALE: A Modular Code System for Performing Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluations
  • 282
    • 33344462448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent Enhancements to the SCALE 5 Resonance Self-Shielding Methodology
    • Williams M.L., Golouoglu S., Petrie L.M. Recent Enhancements to the SCALE 5 Resonance Self-Shielding Methodology. T. Am. Nucl. Soc. 2005, 92:751-753.
    • (2005) T. Am. Nucl. Soc. , vol.92 , pp. 751-753
    • Williams, M.L.1    Golouoglu, S.2    Petrie, L.M.3
  • 283
    • 0000235265 scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo Computer Program for the Transport of Energetic Ions in Amorphous Targets
    • Biersack J.P., Haggmark L. A Monte Carlo Computer Program for the Transport of Energetic Ions in Amorphous Targets. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1980, 174:257-269.
    • (1980) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A , vol.174 , pp. 257-269
    • Biersack, J.P.1    Haggmark, L.2
  • 286
    • 0004648786 scopus 로고
    • The Stopping of Energetic Ions in Solids
    • Ziegler J.F. The Stopping of Energetic Ions in Solids. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1980, 168:17-24.
    • (1980) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A , vol.168 , pp. 17-24
    • Ziegler, J.F.1
  • 293
    • 24044488658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Cross Section Uncertainties in the Transport Monte Carlo Code TRIPOLI-4
    • Both J.P. Treatment of Cross Section Uncertainties in the Transport Monte Carlo Code TRIPOLI-4. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2000, (Supplement 1):420-426.
    • (2000) J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 420-426
    • Both, J.P.1
  • 296
    • 78751637657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the NRC PCA Pressure Vessel Dosimetry Benchmark Using TRIPOLI-4.3 Monte Carlo Code and ENDF/B-VI, JEF-2.2 and IRDF-90 Libraries
    • Lee Y.K. Analysis of the NRC PCA Pressure Vessel Dosimetry Benchmark Using TRIPOLI-4.3 Monte Carlo Code and ENDF/B-VI, JEF-2.2 and IRDF-90 Libraries. Nuclear Mathematical and Computational Science 2003.
    • (2003) Nuclear Mathematical and Computational Science
    • Lee, Y.K.1
  • 297
    • 84882101787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the VENUS-3 PWR Pressure Vessel Surveillance Benchmark Using TRIPOLI-4.3 Monte Carlo Code
    • ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, ISBN13: 978-0-8031-3412-6, D.W. Vehar, D.G. Gilliam, J.M. Adams (Eds.)
    • Lee Y.K. Analysis of the VENUS-3 PWR Pressure Vessel Surveillance Benchmark Using TRIPOLI-4.3 Monte Carlo Code. "Reactor Dosimetry," STP 1490 2008, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, ISBN13: 978-0-8031-3412-6. D.W. Vehar, D.G. Gilliam, J.M. Adams (Eds.).
    • (2008) "Reactor Dosimetry," STP 1490
    • Lee, Y.K.1
  • 300
    • 55349100870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRIPOLI-4: The Automatic Variance Reduction Scheme
    • Petit O., Diop C. TRIPOLI-4: The Automatic Variance Reduction Scheme. ANS/ENS Inter. Meeting 2007.
    • (2007) ANS/ENS Inter. Meeting
    • Petit, O.1    Diop, C.2
  • 303
    • 0024090481 scopus 로고
    • Random Number Generators: Good Ones Are Hard to Find
    • Park S.K., Miller K.W. Random Number Generators: Good Ones Are Hard to Find. Commun. ACM 1988, 31:1192-1201.
    • (1988) Commun. ACM , vol.31 , pp. 1192-1201
    • Park, S.K.1    Miller, K.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.