SMEs and new technologies: Learning e-business and development

SMEs and New Technologies: Learning E-Business and Development

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-222

  Oyelaran Oyeyinka, Banji ^a,b   Lal, Kaushalesh ^a,b  

^a UNU MERIT   (Netherlands)

^b UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85014008875     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230625457     Document Type: Book

References (160)

1. Abd-El-Rahman, K., "Firms' Competitive and National Comparative Advantages as Joint Determinants of Trade Composition", Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127(1) (1991) 83-98.
2. Acero, L., "Conflicting demands of new technology and household work: Women's work in Brazilian and Argentinean textiles", in Mitter, S. and Rowbotham, S., Eds., Women Encounter Technology: Changing Patterns of Employment in the Third World, London and New York: Routledge, 1995, pp. 70-92.
3. Aitken, B., Gordon, H. H., and Harrison, A. E., "Spillovers, Foreign Investment, and Export Behaviour", Journal of International Economics, 43 (1997) 103-132.
4. Arrow, K. J., "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing", The Review of Economic Studies, 29(3) (1962) 155-173.
5. Autor, D., Katz, L., and Krueger, A., "Computing Inequality: Have Computers Changed the Labor Market?", Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXIII (November) (1998) 1169-1213.
6. Ayres, R. U., Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 1, London: Chapman & Hall, 1991.
7. Azariadis, C. and Drazen, A., "Threshold Externalities in Economic Development", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105 (1990) 501-526.
8. Baliamoune, M. N., "The New Economy and Developing Countries: Accessing the Role of ICT Diffusion", DP-77, UNU-WIDER, 2002. http://www.wider.unu.edu.
9. Bartel, A.P. and Lichtenberg, F., "The Comparative Advantage of Educated Workers in Implementing New Technology", Review of Economics and Statistics, LXIX (1987) 1-11.
10. Basile, R., "Export Behaviour of Italian Manufacturing Firms over the Nineties: The Role of Innovation", Research Policy, 30 (2001) 1185-1201.
11. Beaudry, C., Breshi, S., and Swann, G. M. P., "Clusters, Innovation and Growth: A Comparative Study of European Countries", in R. Lipsey and J. L. Muchielli, Proceedings of the 7th Sorbonne Conference on the Multinational Firm, Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000.
12. Bedi, A. S., The Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Economic Development: A Partial Survey. Discussion Paper 7, Bonn: Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, 1999.
13. Bell, D. E., Howard, R., and Tversky,A., Decision Making: Descriptive and Prescriptive Interactions, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988.
14. Berkhout, F. and Hertin, J., "De-Materialising and Re-Materialising: Digital Technologies and the Environment", Futures, 36(8) (2004) 903-920.
15. Berman, E., Bound, J., and Griliches, Z., "Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labor within U.S. Manufacturing", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109 (1994) 367-397.
16. Bernard, A. B. and Wagner, J., "Export Entry and Exit by German Firms", Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 137(1) (2001) 105-123.
17. Best, M. H., The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.
18. Blili, S. and Raymond, L., "Information Technology: Threaths and Opportunities for Small and Medium Enterprises", International Journal of Information Management, 13 (1993) 439-448.
19. Bound, J and Johnson, G., "Changes in the Structure of Wages in the 1980s: An Evaluation of Alternative Explanations", American Economic Review, LXXXII (1992) 371-392. http://www.bridges.org.
20. Bridges.org (2001), Spanning the Digital Divide: Understanding and Tackling the Issues, May 2001. http://www.bridges.org.
21. Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L., "Paradox Lost? Firm-level Evidence on the Returns to Information System Spending", Management Science, 42(4) (1996) 541-558.
22. Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L. M. "Information technology and organizational design: evidence from micro data", mimeo, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.
23. Cairncross, F., The Death of Distance 2.0, Great Britain: TEXERE Publishing Limited, 2001.
24. Card, D., Kramarz, F., and Lemieux, T., "Changes in relative structure of wages and employment: A comparison of United States, Canada, and France", NBER Working Paper 5487, 1997.
25. Caroli, E. "New technologies, organizational change and the skill bias: What do we know?" in Caroli, E., ed., New Technologies, Organizational Change and the Skill Bias: What Do We Know? Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2001.
26. Castells, M., The Rise of the Network Society, Great Britain: Blackwell, 1998.
27. Cohen, B., "Empirical studies of innovative activity", in Stoneman, P., ed., Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change, Oxford: Blackwell, 1995, pp.182-264.
28. Cotsomitis, J., DeBresson, C., and Kwan, A., "A Re-Examination of the Technology Gap Theory of Trade: Some Evidence from Time Series Data for OECD Countries", Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127 (1991) 792-799.
29. Dahlman, C. J. and Fonseca, F. V. "From technological dependence to technological development: The case of the Usiminas steelplant in Brazil", in Katz, J., ed., Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries: Theory and Case-Studies in Nat. Magnitude and Consequences, Houndmills: Macmillan, 1987.
30. Damaskopoulos, P. and Evgeniou, T., "Adoption of New Economy Practices by SMEs in Eastern Europe", European Management Journal, 21(2) (2003) 133-145.
31. Dekleva, S., "E-Commerce: A Half Empty Glass?" Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 3(18) (2000) 111-135.
32. De Laine, C., Laplagne, P., and Stone, S., The Increasing Demand of Skilled Workers in Australia: The Role of Technical Change, Productivity Commission Staff Research Paper, AusInfo, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
33. Dholakia, N., "The Webs and Web-Notes: Access Issues in the Information Age", Telematics and Informatics, 4(2) (1997) 197-207.
34. Doms, M., Dunne, T., and Troske, K. R., "Workers, Wages and Technology", Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXII (February) (1997) 253-290.
35. Dosi, G., Freeman, C., Nelson, R., Silverberg, G. and Soete, L., Technical Change and Economic Theory, New York and London, Columbia University Press, 1988.
36. Dosi, G., Pavitt, K., and Soete, L., The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990.
37. Drew, S., "Strategic Uses of E-Commerce by SMEs in the East of England", European Management Journal, 21(1) (2003) 79-88.
38. Ducatel, K., "Learning and skills in the Knowledge Economy", DRUID Working Paper No. 98-2, Aalborg, Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID), Aalborg University, 1998.
39. Dudley, L. and Lasserre, P., "Information as a Substitute for Inventories", European Economic Review, 33 (1989) 67-88.
40. Earl, M. J., Management Strategies for Information Technology, Prentice-Hall, N.J: Business Information Technology Series, 1989.
41. Edquist, C., Systems of Innovation Technologies, Institutions and Organizations, London and Washington: W.W. Norton, 1997.
42. Edquist, C. and Johnson, B., "Institutions and organizations in systems of innovation", in Edquist, C., ed., Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations, London: Printer Publishers, 1997, pp. 41-63.
43. Eraut, M., "Non-formal learning, implicit learning and tacit knowledge" in Eraut, M., ed., Non-Formal Learning, Implicit Learning and Tacit Knowledge, Bristol: Policy Press, 2000.
44. Ernst, D., Ganiatsos, T., and Mytelka, L., Technological Capabilities and Export Success in Asia, London: Routledge, 1998.
45. Evans, P. B. and Wurster, T. S., "Strategies and the new economies of information" in Stern, C. W. and Stalk Jr., G., eds., Perspectives on Strategies from The Boston Consulting Group, New York: Wiley, 1997.
46. Freeman, C. and Soete, L., Information Technology and Employment: An Assessment, Sussex: Science Policy Research Unit, 1985.
47. Glejser, H., Jacquemin, A., and Petit, J., "Exports in an Imperfect Competition Framework: An Analysis of 1,446 Exporters", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 94(3) (1980) 507-524.
48. Goldin, C. and Katz, L., "The Origins of Technology-Skill Complementarity", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113 (1998) 693-732.
49. Goldstein, A., "Local entrepreneurship in the era of E-business: Early evidence from the Indian automobile industry" in Goldstein, A. and O'Connor, D. eds., Electronic Commerce for Development, Paris: OECD, 2002, pp. 93-120.
50. Goldstein, A. and O'Connor, D. (eds.), Electronic Commerce for Development, Paris: OECD, 2002.
51. Guellec, D., "Knowledge, Skills and Growth: Some Economic Issues", STI Review, 18, Special issues on Technology, Productivity and Employment, 1996.
52. Haddad, M., deMelo, J., and Horton, B., "Morocco, 1984-89: Trade liberalization, exports, and industrial performance" in: Roberts, M. and James, R. T. eds., Industrial Evolution in Developing Countries, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 285-313.
53. Hargittai, E., "Weaving the Western Web: Explaining Differences in Internet Connectivity among OECD Countries", Telecommunications Policy, 23 (1999) 701-718.
54. Hecker, D. E., "Employment Impact of Electronic Business", Monthly Labour Review, May (2001) 1-16.
55. Helleiner, G. K., ed., Manufacturing for Exports in the Developing World: Problems and Possibilities. USA and Canada: Routledge, 1995.
56. Hodgkinson, A. and McPhee, P., SME Information Sourcing for Innovation and Export Market Developments: From Local or External Networks, WP 02-08, Australia: Department of Economics, University of Wollongong, 2002.
57. Hoffman, K. and Rush, H., Micro-electronics and Clothing: The Impact of Technical Change on a Global Industry, New York and London: Praeger, 1988.
58. Huber, G. P., "Organisational Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literature", Management Science, 2(1) (1991) 88-115.
59. Hughes, K., Exports and Technology, London and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
60. Huiban, J. and Bouhsina, Z., "Innovation and the Quality of Labour Factor", Small Business Economics, 10 (1998) 389-400.
61. Indjikian, R. and Siegel, S. D., "The Impact of Investment in IT on Economic Performance: Implications for Developing Countries", World Development, 33(5) (2005) 681-700.
62. Ishii, K., "Internet Use via Mobile Phone in Japan", Telecommunications Policy, 28 (2004) 43-58.
63. ITU, "World Telecommunication Development Report: Reinventing Telecoms", 2002.
64. James, J., "Microelectronics and the Third World" in Cooper, C., ed., Technology and Innovations in the International Economy, Tokyo: United Nations University, 1994, pp. 149-230.
65. Johnson, B., Lorenz, E., and Bengt-Åke Lundvall, "Why All this Fuss about Codified and Tacit Knowledge?", Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(2) (2002) 245-262.
66. Katz, J., "Domestic technology generation in LDC's: A review of research findings", in Katz, J., ed., Technology Generation in Latin American Industries: Theory and Case-studies in National Magnitude and Consequences, Houndmills: Macmillan, 1987.
67. Katz, J. and Ablin, E., "From infant industry to technology exports: The Argentine experience in the international sale of industrial plants and engineering", in Katz, J., ed., Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries: Theory and Case-Studies in National Magnitude and Consequences, Houndmills: Macmillan, 1987.
68. Kelly, T. and Petrazzini, B., "What does the Internet mean for development", 1997. http://www.itu.int/ti/publications/inet_97/inet_97.htm Kiiski, S. and Pohjola, M., "Cross Country Diffusion of the Internet", Information Economics and Policy, 14(2) (2002) 297-310.
69. Kline, S. J. and Rosenberg, N., "An overview of innovation" in Landau, R. and Rosenberg, N., The Positive Sum Strategy, New York: National Academy Press, 1986, pp. 275-305.
70. Kolling, A. and Schank, T., Skill-Biased Technological Change, International Trade and the Wage Structure, Germany: Institute of Employment Research, 2002.
71. Kraemer, K. L. and Dedrick, J., "Payoffs from Investments in Information Technology: Lessons from the Asia-Pacific Region", World Development, 22(12) (1994) 1921-1931.
72. Kramarz, F., "Computers and labour markets: International evidence", in Pohjola, M., ed., Information Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth: International Evidence and Implications for Economic Development, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 99-118.
73. Krugman, P., "A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer and the World Distribution of Income", Journal of Political Economy, 87 (1979) 253-266.
74. Kumar, N. Multinational Enterprises in India: Industrial Distribution, Characteristics, and Performance, London and New York: Routledge, 1990.
75. Kumar, N. and Siddharthan, N. S., "Technology, Firm Size and Export Behaviour in Developing Countries: The Case of Indian Enterprises", Journal of Development Studies, 31(2) (1994) 289-309.
76. Kuwahara, Y., "Creating new jobs in high-technology industries", Paper Presented at OECD Inter-Governmental Conference on Employment and Growth in the Context of Structural Change, Paris, OECD, 1984.
77. Lal, K., "Information Technology, International Orientation and Performance: A Case Study of Electrical & Electronic Goods Manufacturing Firms in India", Information Economics and Policy, 8(3) (1996) 269-280.
78. Lal, K., "Determinants of the Adoption of Information Technology: A Case Study of Electrical and Electronic Goods Manufacturing Firms in India", Research Policy, 28 (1999a) 667-680.
79. Lal, K., Information Technology and Exports: A Case Study of Indian Garments Manufacturing Enterprises. Discussion Paper no. 15. Bonn: Centre for Development Research, University of Bonn, 1999b.
80. Lal, K., "Institutional Environment and Growth of ICT in India", The Information Society, 17 (2001) 105-117.
81. Lal, K., "E-business and Manufacturing Sector: A Study of Small and Mediumsized Enterprises in India", Research Policy, 31(7) (2002) 1199-1211.
82. Lal, K., "E-Business and Export Behavior: Evidence from Indian Firms", World Development, 32(3) (2004) 505-517.
83. Lall, S., Developing Countries as Exporters of Technology: A First Look at the Indian Experience, Houndmills: MacMillan, 1982.
84. Lall, S., "Determinants of R&D in an LDC", Economic Letters,13 (1983) 379-383.
85. Lall, S., "Technological Development and Export Performance in LDCs: Leading Engineering and Chemical Firms in India", Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 122 (1986) 80-91.
86. Lall, S. and Wignaraja, G., "Mauritius: Dynamising Export Competitiveness", Commonwealth Economic Paper No. 33, London, Commonwealth Secretariat, 1998.
87. Lam, D., Boymal, J., and Martin, B., "Internet Diffusion in Vietnam", Technology in Society, 26 (2004) 39-50.
88. Lee, H. G. and Clark, T., "Market Process Reengineering through Electronic Market Systems: Opportunities and Challenges", Journal of Management Information Systems, 13(3) (1997) 13-30.
89. Leontief, W. and Duchin, F., The Impact of Automation on Employment, USA: National Science Foundation, 1983.
90. Levin, A. and Raut, L. K., "Complementarities between Exports and Human Capital in Economic Growth: Evidence from the Semi-industrialised Countries", Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46(1) (1997) 155-174.
91. Lichtenberg, F., "The Output Contribution of Computer Equipment and Personnel: A Firm Level Analysis", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 3(3-4) (1995) 201-217.
92. Lucas Jr., Robert E., "On the Mechanics of Economic Development", Journal of Monetary Economics, 12 (1988) 3-42.
93. Lundvall, Bengt-Åke, "Innovations as in interactive process: From user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation" in Lundvall, Bengt-Åke, ed., Innovations as in Interactive Process: From User-Producer Interaction to the National System of Innovation, London: Printer, 1988.
94. Lundvall, Bengt-Åke and Johnson, B., "The Learning Economy", Journal of Industry Studies, 1(2) (1994) 23-42.
95. Lundvall, Bengt-Åke, Johnson, B., Andersen, E. S., and Dalum, B., "National Systems of Production, Innovation and Competence Building", Research Policy, 31(2) (2002) 213-231.
96. Malerba, F., "Learning by Firm and Incremental Technical Change", Economic Journal, 102(413) (1992) 845-859.
97. Malone, T., Yates, J., and Benjamin, R., "Electronic Markets and Hierarchies", Communication of the ACM, 30(6) (1987) 484-497.
98. McCormick, D., "Enterprise clusters in Africa: On the way to industrialization", University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya: IDS Discussion Paper 366, 1998.
99. MCI (Ministry of Commerce and Industry), Handbook of Industrial Policy and Statistics, New Delhi: Government of India, 2000.
100. Mehta, D., "Internet and E-commerce: The global scenario" in Mehta, D., ed., E-Commerce and E-Business: Background and Reference Resource, New Delhi: NASSCOM, 2000, pp. 15-19.
101. Metcalfe, J. S., "Institutions and the knowledge economy" in Metcalfe, J. S., ed., Institutions and the Knowledge Economy, Perth, Australia: Edward Elgar, 2003.
102. Mohnen, P., "International R&D spillovers and economic growth" in Pohjola, M., ed., Information Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth: International Evidence and Implications for Economic Development, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp.50-71.
103. Moodley, S., "E-Business in the South African Apparel Sector: A Utopian Vision of Efficiency?", Developing Economies, 40(1) (2002a) 67-100.
104. Moodley, S., "The prospects and challenges of E-business for the South African automotive component sector: Preliminary findings from two benchmarking clubs", in Goldstein, A. and O'Connor, D., eds., Electronic Commerce for Development, Paris: OECD, 2002b, pp. 67-92.
105. Moreno, L., "The Determinants of Spanish Industrial Exports to the European Union", Applied Economics, 29 (1997) 723-732.
106. Morgan, G., Images of Organisations, Beverly Hills, CA, Sage, 1986.
107. Muller-Falcke, D., Use and Impact of Information and Communication Technologies in Developing Countries, Small Business: Evidence from Indian Small Scale Industry, Peter Lang: Berlin and Oxford, Peter Lang, 2002.
108. Nelson, R. and Winter, S., An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1982.
109. Nelson, R. R. and Phelps, E., "Investments in Humans, Technological Diffusion and Economic Growth", American Economic Review, 56 (1966) 69-82.
110. Noland, M., "Has Asian Export Performance been Unique?", Journal of International Economics, 43 (1997) 79-101.
111. North, D.C., Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 1990.
112. OECD, "Measuring the Information Economy 2002", Paris, 2002.www.oecd.org/EN/document/0,EN-document-570-1-no-4-35663-570,00.html.
113. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B., "Learning and Local Knowledge Institutions in African Industry", Discussion Paper, DP 2004-2, UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, 2004.
114. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. and Adeya, C. N., Internet Access in Africa: An Empirical Exploration, UNU-MERIT, DP 2002-5, May, 2002.
115. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. and Adeya, C. N., "Internet Access in Africa: Empirical Evidence from Kenya and Nigeria", Telematics and Informatics, 21 (2004) 67-81.
116. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. and Barclay, L. A., "Systems of Innovation and Underdevelopment: An Exploratory Study of African Industry", African Development Review, 16(1) (2004) 115-138.
117. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. and Lal, K., The Internet Diffusion in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Country Analysis, UNU-MERIT, DP2003-5, July, 2003.
118. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. and Lal, K., "Sectoral Pattern of E-Business Adoption in Developing Countries", Discussion Paper, DP 2004-7, UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, 2004.
119. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. and Lal, K., "Internet Diffusion in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-country study", Telecommunications Policy, 29 (2005) 507-527.
120. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B. and Lal, K., Learning New Technologies by Small and Medium-Enterprises in Developing Countries", Technovation, 26(2) (2006) 220-231.
121. Pavitt, K., Robson, M., and Townsend, J., "The Size Distribution of Innovating Firms in the UK: 1945-1983", Journal of Industrial Economics, 35 (1987) 297-316.
122. Paltridge, S., "Local Access Pricing and the International Digital Divide", 2001.http://www.isoc.org/oti/articles/1000/paltridge.html.
123. Peitchinis, S., Computer Technology and Employment: Retrospect and Prospect, London: St. Martin's Press, 1984.
124. Phan, D. D., "E-Business Development for Competitive Advantages: A Case Study", Information and Management, 40(6) (2003) 581-590.
125. Piscitello, Lucia and Sgobbi, F., "Globalisation, E-Business and SMEs: Evidence from the Italian District of Prato", Small Business Economics, 22(5) (2004) 333-347.
126. Piva, M., Enrico, S., and Marco, V., "The Skill Bias Effect of Technology and Organisational Change: Evidence and Policy Implications", Discussion Paper, 934, IZA, Bonn, 2003.
127. Pohjola, M., "Information technology and economic growth: A cross-country analysis" in Pohjola, M., ed., Information Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth: International Evidence and Implications for Economic Development, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp.242-256.
128. Pratten, C. F., The Competitiveness of Small Firms, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
129. Press, L., William, F., Peter, W., and McHenry, W., "The Internet in India and China", Information Technologies and International Development, 1(1) (2003) 41-60.
130. Rada, J. F., The impact of microelectronics and information technology: Case studies in Latin America, UNESCO Publication, Vendome, Imprimerie Presses Universitaires de France, 1982.
131. Rahim, S. A. and Pennings, A. J., "Computerisation and development in South East Asia", Asian Mass Communications Research and Information Centre, Singapore, 1987.
132. Raymond, L., Blili, S., and Thibault, L., "A Model and Evolution of Organisational Learning in Networked SMEs", Paper presented in Twelfth International Bled Electronic Commerce Conference, Bled, Slovenia, 1999.
133. Rosenberg, N., Exploring the Black Box: Technology, Economics and History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
134. Rosenberg, N., Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
135. Sabourin, D., Skill Shortages and Advanced Technology Adoption, Analytical Studies Branch-Research Paper Series, No. 175, Macro-Economic Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, 2001.
136. Scott-Kemmis, D. and Bell, R. M., "Technological dynamism and technological content of collaboration: Are Indian firms missing opportunities?" in Scott- Kemmis, D and Bell, R. M., eds., Technological Dynamism and Technological Content of Collaboration: Are Indian Firms Missing Opportunities? New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Limited, 1988.
137. Siddharthan, N. S., "Transaction Costs, Technology Transfer and In-House R&D: A Study of the Indian Private Corporate Sector", Journal of economic behaviour and organisations, 18 (1992) 265-271.
138. Seigal, D. S., Waldman, D., and Youngdahl, D. W., "The Adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: Human Resource Management Implications", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 44 (1997) 288-298.
139. Sim, C. N. C. and Yong, C., "Information technology, gender and employment: A case study of the telecommunications industry in Malaysia", in Mitter, S., and Rowbotham, S., eds., Women Encounter Technology, London and New York: The United Nations University, published in association with the UNU Press, 1995.
140. Sjoholm, F., "Exports, Imports and Productivity: Results from Indonesian Establishment Data", World Development, 27(4) (1999) 705-715.
141. Soete, L., Building the European Information Society for us all, Final policy report of the high-level expert group submitted to Directorate-General for employment, industrial relations and social affairs, European Commission, 1997.
142. Stiglitz, J. E., "Economic organisation, information and development" in Behrman, J. and Srinivasan, T. N., eds., Handbook of Development of Economics, Vol. 1, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1989, pp. 93-160.
143. Stiglitz, J. E., Public Policy for a Knowledge Economy, London: Department for Trade and Industry and Center for Economic Policy Research, 1999.
144. Stiroh, K. J., "Investing in information technology: Productivity payoffs for U.S.industries", Current Issues in Economics and Finance, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2001, issue Jun.
145. Talero, E. and Gaudette, P., "Harnessing information for development: A proposal for a World Bank group strategy", Discussion Paper No. 313, The World Bank, 1995.
146. Teltscher, S., "Electronic Commerce and Development: Fiscal Implications of Digitized Goods Trading", World Development, 30(7) (2002) 1137-1158.
147. Teubal, M., Innovation Performance, Learning and Government Policy, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
148. Trefler, D., "International Factor Price Differences: Leontieff was Right", Journal of Political Economy, 101 (1993) 961-987.
149. Trefler, D., "The Case of the Missing Trade and Other HOV Mysteries", American Economic Review, 85(5) (1995) 1029-1046.
150. UNCTAD, World Investment Report, Geneva: UNCTAD, 2001.
151. UNCTAD, World Investment Report, Geneva: UNCTAD, 2002.
152. UNCTAD, World Investment Report, Geneva: UNCTAD, 2004.
153. UNECA, Economic Report on Africa 1999, The Challenges of Poverty Reduction and Sustainability, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1999.
154. Vernon, R., "International Investment and International Trade in the Product cycle", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80 (1966) 190-207.
155. Von Hippel, E., The Sources of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
156. Wakelin, K., Trade and Innovation: Theory and Evidence. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, USA: Edward Elgar, 1997.
157. Willmore, L., "Transnationals and Foreign Trade: Evidence from Brazil", Journal of Development Studies, 28(2) (1992) 314-335.
158. Wolcott, P., Press, L., McHenry, W., Goodman, S., and Foster, W., "A Framework of Assessing the Global Diffusion on the Internet", Journal of Association for Information Systems, 2(6) (2001) 1-53.
159. World Bank, "World development indicators", 2002.
160. World Bank, 2004, http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.html.