Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing

Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Mokhatab, Saeid ^a   Poe, William ^b  

^a Independent Gas Engineering Consultant   (United States)

^b Invensys Operations Management   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85013987471     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/C2010-0-66115-3     Document Type: Book

References (309)

1. Al-Saadoon F.T. Economics of GTL Plant 2005, SPE 94380. Paper presented at the SPE Hydrogen Economics and Evaluation Symposium, Dallas, TX.
2. Apanel G.T. GTL Update 2005, SPE 93580. Paper presented at the 14th SPE Middle East Oil, Gas Show and Conference, Bahrain.
3. Bahadori A., Mokhatab S., Towler B.F. Rapidly Estimating Natural Gas Compressibility Factor. J. Natural Gas Chem. 2007, 16(4):349-353.
4. Ballard D. How to Operate Quick-Cycle Plants. Hydrocarbon Processing 1965, 44(4):131.
5. Børrehaug A., Gudmundsson J.S. Gas Transportation in Hydrate Form 1996, Paper presented at the EUROGAS 96, Trondheim, Norway.
6. Chandra V. Fundamentals of Natural Gas: An International Perspective 2006, PennWell Book Publishing, Tulsa, OK.
7. Chiu C.H., Quillen D. Commercial and Technical Considerations in the Developments of Offshore Liquefaction Plant 2006, Paper presented at the 23rd World Gas Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
8. Cornot-Gandolphe S., Appert O., Dickel R., Chabrelie M.F., Rojey A. The Challenges of Further Cost Reduction for New Supply Options (Pipeline, LNG, GTL) 2003, Paper presented at the 22nd World Gas Conference, Tokyo, Japan.
9. Cranmore R.G., Stanton E. Transport. Modern Petroleum Technology 2000, John Wiley and Sons Inc, Hoboken, NJ, (Chapter 10). R.A. Dawe (Ed.).
10. Dake L.P. Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering 1978, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
11. Economides M.J., Mokhatab S. Compressed Natural Gas: Another Solution to Monetize Stranded Gas. Hydrocarbon Processing 2007, 86(1):59-64.
12. Economides M.J., Sun K., Subero G. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): An Alternative to Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) 2005, SPE 92047. Paper presented at the Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, Indonesia.
13. Elsharkawy A.M., Hashem Y.S., Alikhan A.A. Compressibility Factor for Gas Condensates. Energy & Fuels 2001, 15(4):807-816.
14. ERCB Theory and Practice of the Testing of Gas Wells 1975, Directive 34, Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB), Calgary, AB, Canada. third ed.
15. Ewan D.N., Lawrence J.B., Rambo C.L., Tonne R.R. Why Cryogenic Processing (Investigating the Feasibility of a Cryogenic Turbo-Expander Plant) 1975, Paper presented at the 54th GPA Annual Convention, Houston, TX.
16. Fischer P.A. How Operators Will Bring Worthless Gas to Market. Natural Gas 2001, 222:11. Part 8, Monetizing Stranded Gas, World Oil.
17. Fleisch T., Sills R., Briscoe M., Fteide J.F. GTL-FT in the Emerging Gas Economy, in Fundamentals of Gas to Liquids. Petrol. Economist 2003, 39-41.
18. Gas Processors Association Calculation of Gross Heating Value, Relative Density, and Compressibility of Natural Gas Mixtures from Compositional Analysis 1996, GPA Standard 2172-96, Tulsa, OK.
19. Hatt J. Newfoundland Poised to Capture Natural Gas Benefits. Ocean Resources Online 2003.
20. Heidaryan E., Salarabadi A., Moghadasi J. A Novel Correlation Approach for Prediction of Natural Gas Compressibility Factor. J. Natural Gas Chem. 2010, 19(2):189-192.
21. Jeje O., Mattar L. Comparison of Correlations for Viscosity of Sour Natural Gas 2004, Paper presented at the 5th Canadian International Petroleum Conference, Calgary, AB, Canada.
22. Keshav T.R., Basu S. Gas-to-Liquid Technologies: India's Perspective. Fuel Processing Technology 2007, 88(5):493-500.
23. Knott D. Gas-to-Liquids Projects Gaining Momentum as Process List Grows. Oil Gas J. 1997, 16-21.
24. Lee A., Gonzalez M., Eakin B. The Viscosity of Natural Gases. J. Petrol. Technol. 1966, 18:997-1000.
25. Loenhout A.V., Zeelenberg L., Gerritse A., Roth G., Sheehan E., Jannasch N. Commercialization of Stranded Gas with a Combined Oil and GTL FPSO 2006, Paper presented at the 2006 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX.
26. Mokhatab S., Purewal S. Is LNG a Competitive Source of Natural Gas?. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 2006, 24(2):243-245.
27. Mokhatab S., Wood D. Why Consider Exploiting Stranded Gas?. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 2007, 25(3):411-413.
28. O'Rear D.J., Goede F. Concepts for Reduction in CO2 Emissions in GTL Facilities. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 2007, 163:401-409.
29. Rogers R.E., Etheridge J.A., Pearson L.E., McCown J., Hogancamp K. Gas Hydrate Storage Process for Natural Gas. Gas TIPS 2005, 14-18. Winter.
30. Rojey A., Jaffret C., Cornot-Gandolph S., Durand B., Jullin S., Valais M. Natural Gas Production, Processing, Transport 1997, Editions Technip, Paris, France.
31. Skrebowski C. Gas-to-Liquids or LNG?. Petrol. Rev. 1998, 38-39.
32. Standing M.B., Katz D.L. Density of Natural Gases. Trans. AIME 1942, 142:140-149.
33. Sutton R.P. Compressibility Factor for High Molecular Weight Reservoir Gases 1985, SPE 14265. Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Las Vegas, NV.
34. Thomas M. Water into Wine: Gas-to-Liquids Technology the Key to Unlocking Future Reserves. Euroil 1998.
35. Thomas S., Dawe R.A. Review of Ways to Transport Natural Gas Energy from Countries Which Do Not Need the Gas for Domestic Use. Energy-Int. J. 2003, 28:1461-1477.
36. Whitson C.H., Brule M.R. Phase Behavior 2000, SPE Monograph No. 20, Richardson, TX.
37. Wichert E., Aziz K. Calculate Z's for Sour Gases. Hydrocarbon Processing 1972, 51:119-122.
38. Wood D., Mokhatab S. Gas Monetization Technologies Remain Tantalizingly on the Brink. World Oil 2008, 229(1):103-108.
39. Wood D., Mokhatab S., Economides M.J. Technology Options for Securing Markets for Remote Gas 2008, Paper presented at the 87th GPA Annual Convention, Grapevine, TX.
40. Barone J.L. This Is My Land. Ten & Two Mag 2010, 1(2):247. Winter.
41. Bolinger M., Wiser R., Golove W. Accounting for Fuel Price Risk: Using Forward Natural Gas Prices Instead of Gas Price Forecasts to Compare Renewable to Natural Gas-Fired Generation 2003, Report prepared for U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO3-76SF00098, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
42. EIA Derivatives and Risk Management in the Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Electricity Industries 2002, Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Washington, DC.
43. EPA Petroleum Industry," EPA AP-42 Manual, Chapter 5.3: "Natural Gas Processing 1995, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC.
44. EPA Economic Impact Analysis of the Oil and Natural Gas Production NESHAP and the Natural Gas Transmission and Storage NESHAP 1999, Final Report (EPA-452/R-99-003), Chapter 2, Sections 2.2-2.3 on Natural Gas Production and Markets in the U.S. for the Period 1983-1993; Chapter 4, Sections 1.1-1.3 on the Modeling of Market Adjustments to the Introduction of Deregulation of Natural Gas in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC.
45. Fleay B.J. Climaxing Oil: How Will Transport Adapt? 1998, Paper presented at the Chartered Institute of Transport in Australia National Symposium, Launceston TAS, Australia.
46. Izrael Y.A., et al. Russian Federation Climate Change Country Study 1997, vol. 1. (Cooperative Agreement DE-FCO2-93PO10118), Final Report (Inventory of Technogenic GHG Emissions),, Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Moscow, Russia.
47. Levin C., Coleman N. Excessive Speculation in the Natural Gas Market 2007, Report of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
48. LIHEAP Clearinghouse, An Overview and History of Gas Deregulation. Available at (Last accessed 14.09.05). http://www.liheap.ncat.org/dereg/gasoview.htm.
49. Mullins B.J., Solomon D.E., Austin G.L., Kacmarcik L.M. Atmospheric Emissions Survey of the Sour Gas Processing Industry 1975, EPA-68-02-1865, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC.
50. Natural Gas Organization, History of Regulation. Available at (Last accessed 14.09.05). http://www.naturalgas.org/regulation/history.asp#earlydays.
51. National Energy Technology Laboratory [NETL] Impact of the Marcellus Shale Gas Play on Current and Future CCS Activities 2010, U.S. Dept. of Energy.
52. Peck T. Second Tremor in Two Months Shakes Local Confidence. The Independent 2011.
53. Udall R., Andrews S. Methane Madness: A Natural Gas Primer 2001, Community Office for Resource Efficiency, Denver, CO.
54. U.S. Department of Energy, Data about U.S. Natural Gas Markets in 2005, Available at (Last accessed 2005). http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_sum_lsum_dcu_nus_m.htm.
55. Acikgoz M., Franca F., Lahey R.T. An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Flow Regimes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1992, 18(3):327-336.
56. Amdal J., et al. Handbook of Multiphase Metering 2001, Produced for The Norwegian Society for Oil and Gas Measurement, Norway.
57. Ansari A.M., Sylvester A.D., Sarica C., Shoham O., Brill J.P. A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Upward Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores. SPE Prod. Facilit. J. 1994, 143-152.
58. API Computational Pipeline Monitoring 1995, API Publication 1130, American Petroleum Institute, TX, p. 17.
59. API Evaluation Methodology for Software Based Leak Detection Systems 1995, API Publication 1155, American Petroleum Institute, TX, p. 93.
60. API RP 14E Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems 1991, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC, p. 23. fifth ed.
61. Arirachakaran S.J. An Experimental Study of Two-Phase Oil-Water Flow in Horizontal Pipes 1983, Master of Science Thesis, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.
62. Asante B. Two-Phase Flow: Accounting for the Presence of Liquids in Gas Pipeline Simulation 2002, Paper presented at 34th PSIG Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon.
63. AsphWax's Flow Assurance course Fluid Characterization for Flow Assurance 2003, AsphWax Inc, Stafford, TX.
64. Ayala F.L., Adewumi M.A. Low-Liquid Loading Multiphase Flow in Natural Gas Pipelines. ASME J. Energy Res. Technol. 2003, 125:284-293.
65. Aziz K., Govier G.W., Fogarasi M. Pressure Drop in Wells Producing Oil and Gas. J. Can. Petrol. Technol. 1972, 11:38.
66. Baillie C., Wichert E. Chart Gives Hydrate Formation Temperature for Natural Gas. Oil Gas J. 1987, 85(4):37-39.
67. Banerjee S. Basic Equations 1986, Lecture presented at the Short Course on Modeling of Two-Phase Flow Systems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
68. Barnea D. A Unified Model for Prediction Flow Pattern Transitions for the Whole Range of Pipe Inclinations. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1987, 13(1):1-12.
69. Barnea D., Taitel Y. Stratified Three-Phase Flow in Pipes-Stability and Transition. Chem. Eng. Comm. 1996, 141-142:443-460.
70. Battara V., Gentilini M., Giacchetta G. Condensate-Line Correlations for Calculating Holdup, Friction Compared to Field Data. Oil Gas J. 1985, 30:148-152.
71. Becher P. Emulsions-Theory and Practice 2001, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
72. Beggs H.D., Brill J.P. A Study of Two-Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes. J. Petrol. Technol. 1973, 255:607-617.
73. Benayoune M., Khezzar L., Al-Rumhy M. Viscosity of Water in Oil Emulsion. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 1998, 16(7&8):767-784.
74. Bendiksen K.H., Brandt I., Fuchs P., Linga H., Malnes D., Moe R. Two-Phase Flow Research at SINTEF and IFE: Some Experimental Results 1986, Stavanger, Norway.
75. Bendiksen K., Brandt I., Jacobsen K.A., Pauchon C. Dynamic Simulation of Multiphase Transportation Systems 1987, Stavanger, Norway, Paper presented at the Multiphase Technology and Consequence for Field Development Forum.
76. Bendiksen K., Malnes D., Moe R., Nuland S. The Dynamic Two-Fluid Model OLGA: Theory and Application. SPE Prod. Eng. 1991, 6:171-180.
77. Bjune B., Moe H., Dalsmo M. Upstream Control and Optimization Increases Return on Investment. World Oil 2002, 223:9.
78. Black P.S., Daniels L.C., Hoyle N.C., Jepson W.P. Studying Transient Multiphase Flow Using the Pipeline Analysis Code (PLAC). ASME J. Energy Res. Technol. 1990, 112:25-29.
79. Bloys B., Lacey C., Lynch P. Laboratory Testing and Field Trial of a New Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor 1995, 691-700. OTC 7772. Houston, TX.
80. Bonizzi M., Issa R.I. On the Simulation of Three-Phase Slug Flow in Nearly Horizontal Pipes Using the Multi-Fluid Model. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 2003, 29:1719-1747.
81. Boriyantoro N.H., Adewumi M.A. An Integrated Single-Phase/Two-Phase Flow Hydrodynamic Model for Predicting the Fluid Flow Behavior of Gas Condensate Pipelines 1994, Paper presented at 26th PSIG Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
82. Brauner N. The Prediction of Dispersed Flows Boundaries in Liquid-Liquid and Gas-Liquid Systems. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 2001, 27:885-910.
83. Brauner N., Maron M.D. Flow Pattern Transitions in Two-Phase Liquid-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Tubes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1992, 18:123-140.
84. Brill J.P., Beggs H.D. Two-Phase Flow in Pipes 1991, Tulsa University Press, Tulsa, OK. sixth ed.
85. Brill J.P., Schmidt Z., Coberly W.A., Herring J.D., Moore D.W. Analysis of Two-Phase Tests in Large Diameter Prudhoe Bay Flow Lines. SPE Journal 1981, 21(3):363-378.
86. Brower D.V., Prescott C.N., Zhang J., Howerter C., Rafferty D. Real-Time Flow Assurance Monitoring with Non-Intrusive Fiber Optic Technology 2005, Houston, TX.
87. Bufton S.A. Ultra Deepwater Will Require Less Conservative Flow Assurance Approaches. Oil Gas J. 2003, 101(18):66-77.
88. Campbell J.M. Gas Conditioning and Processing 1992, Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, OK. third ed.
89. Carroll J.J. Natural Gas Hydrates: A Guide for Engineers 2003, Gulf Professional Publishing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
90. Carroll J.J. An Examination of the Prediction of Hydrate Formation Conditions in Sour Natural Gas 2004, Paper presented at the GPA Europe Spring Meeting, Dublin, Ireland.
91. Carson D.B., Katz D.L. Natural Gas Hydrates. Petroleum Trans. AIME 1942, 146:150-158.
92. Chen X., Guo L. Flow Patterns and Pressure Drop in Oil-Air-Water Three-Phase Flow Through Helically Coiled Tubes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1999, 25:1053-1072.
93. Cheremisinoff N.P. Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 3, Gas-Liquid Flows 1986, Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston, TX.
94. Chisholm D., Sutherland L.A. Prediction of Pressure Gradient in Pipeline Systems During Two-Phase Flow 1969, Leeds, UK.
95. Cindric D.T., Gandhi S.L., Williams R.A. Designing Piping Systems for Two-Phase Flow. Chem. Eng. Progress 1987, 51-59.
96. Collier J.G., Thome J.R. Convective Boiling and Condensation 1996, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK. third ed.
97. Colson R., Moriber N.J. Corrosion Control. Civil Eng. 1997, 67(3):58-59.
98. Copp D.L. Gas Transmission and Distribution 1970, Walter King Ltd, London.
99. Courbot A. Prevention of Severe Slugging in the Dunbar 16 Multiphase Pipelines 1996, Houston, TX, OTC 8196.
100. Covington K.C., Collie J.T., Behrens S.D. Selection of Hydrate Suppression Methods for Gas Streams 1999, Nashville, TN, Paper presented at the 78th GPA Annual Convention.
101. Cranswick D. Brief Overview of Gulf of Mexico OCS Oil and Gas Pipelines: Installation, Potential Impacts, and Mitigation Measures 2001, U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, LA.
102. Dahl E., et al. Handbook of Water Fraction Metering 2001, Rev. 1, Norwegian Society for Oil and Gas Measurements, Norway.
103. Decarre S., Fabre J. Etude Sur La Prediction De l'Inversion De Phase. Revue De l'Institut Francais Du Petrole 1997, 52:415-424.
104. De Henau V., Raithby G.D. A Transient Two-Fluid Model for the Simulation of Slug Flow in Pipelines. 1-Theory. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1995, 21:335-349.
105. Dukler A.E. Gas-Liquid Flow in Pipelines Research Results 1969, American Gas Assn, Project NX-28.
106. Dukler A.E., Hubbard M.G. The Characterization of Flow Regimes for Horizontal Two-Phase Flow. Proc. Heat Transfer Fluid Mechanics Institute 1966, 1:100-121. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
107. Edmonds B., et al. A Practical Model for the Effect of Salinity on Gas Hydrate Formation 1996, Paper presented at the European Production Operations Conference and Exhibition, Norway.
108. Edmonds B., Moorwood R.A.S., Szczepanski R. Hydrate Update 1998, Paper presented at the GPA Europe Spring Meeting, Darlington, County Durham, UK.
109. Erickson D., Buck E., Kolts J. Corrosion Inhibitor Transport in Wet-Gas Pipelines. J. Materials Performance 1993, 32(9):49-56.
110. Esteban A., Hernandez V., Lunsford K. Exploit the Benefits of Methanol 2000, Atlanta, GA, Paper presented at the 79th GPA Annual Convention.
111. Fabre J., et al. Severe Slugging in Pipeline/Riser Systems. SPE Production Engineering 1990, 5(3):299-305.
112. Faille I., Heintze E. Rough Finite Volume Schemes for Modeling Two-Phase Flow in a Pipeline. Proc. of the CEA.EDF.INRIA Course 1996, INRIA Rocquencourt, France.
113. FEESA Hydrodynamic Slug Size in Multiphase Flowlines 2003, Case Study Report, Feesa Ltd, Hampshire, UK.
114. Frostman L.M. Anti-Agglomerant Hydrate Inhibitors for Prevention of Hydrate Plugs in Deepwater Systems 2000, Dallas, TX.
115. Frostman L.M., et al. Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors (LDHIs): Reducing Total Cost of Operations in Existing Systems and Designing for the Future 2003, Houston, TX, SPE 80269.
116. Frostman L.M. Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitor (LDHI) Experience in Deepwater 2003, Marseille, France.
117. Fuchs P. The Pressure Limit for Terrain Slugging 1987, 65-71. Hague, Netherlands.
118. Furlow W. Suppression System Stabilizes Long Pipeline-Riser Liquid Flows. Offshore, Deepwater D&P 2000, 48+166 Oct.
119. GPSA Engineering Data Book 2004, Gas Processors Suppliers Association, Tulsa, OK. twelfth ed.
120. Griffith P., Wallis G.B. Two-Phase Slug Flow. J. Heat Transfer Trans. ASME 1961, 82:307-320.
121. Guo B., Song S., Chacko J., Ghalambor A. Offshore Pipelines 2005, Gulf Professional Publishing, Burlington, MA.
122. Haandrikman G., Seelen R., Henkes R., Vreenegoor R. Slug Control in Flowline/Riser Systems 1999, Aberdeen, UK.
123. Hall A.R.W. Flow Patterns in Three-Phase Flows of Oil, Water, and Gas 1997, Cannes, France.
124. Hammerschmidt E.G. Formation of Gas Hydrates in Natural Gas Transmission Lines. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26:851-855.
125. Hartt W.H., Chu W. New Methods for CP Design Offered. Oil Gas J. 2004, 102(36):64-70.
126. Hasan A.R. Void Fraction in Bubbly and Slug Flow in Downward Two-Phase Flow in Vertical and Inclined Wellbores. SPE Prod. Facilit. 1995, 10(3):172-176.
127. Hasan A.R., Kabir C.S. Predicting Multiphase Flow Behavior in a Deviated Well 1986, New Orleans, LA.
128. Hasan A.R., Kabir C.S. Gas Void Fraction in Two-Phase Up-Flow in Vertical and Inclined Annuli. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1992, 18(2):279-293.
129. Hasan A.R., Kabir C.S. Simplified Model for Oil/Water Flow in Vertical and Deviated Wellbores. SPE Prod. Facilit. 1999, 14(1):56-62.
130. Hasan A.R., Kabir C.S. Fluid and Heat Transfers in Wellbores 2002, Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Publications, Richardson, TX.
131. Havre K., Dalsmo M. Active Feedback Control as the Solution to Severe Slugging 2001, New Orleans, LA, SPE 71540.
132. Havre K., Stornes K., Stray H. Taming Slug Flow in Pipelines. ABB Review 2000, 4:55-63. ABB Corporate Research AS, Norway.
133. Hedne P., Linga H. Suppression of Terrain Slugging with Automatic and Manual Riser Choking. Advances in Gas-Liquid Flows 1990, 453-469.
134. Hein M. HP41 Pipeline Hydraulics and Heat Transfer Programs 1984, PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK.
135. Henriot V., Courbot A., Heintze E., Moyeux L. Simulation of Process to Control Severe Slugging: Application to the Dunbar Pipeline 1999, Houston, TX, SPE 56461.
136. Hill T.H. Gas Injection at Riser Base Solves Slugging, Flow Problems. Oil Gas J. 1990, 88(9):88-92.
137. Hill T.J. Gas-Liquid Challenges in Oil and Gas Production. Proceeding of ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting 1997, FEDSM97-3553, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
138. Holt A.J., Azzopardi B.J., Biddulph M.W. Calculation of Two-Phase Pressure Drop for Vertical Up Flow in Narrow Passages by Means of A Flow Pattern Specific Models. Trans. IChemE 1999, 77:7-15. Part A.
139. Hunt A. Fluid Properties Determine Flow Line Blockage Potential. Oil Gas J. 1996, 94(29):62-66.
140. Jansen F.E., Shoham O., Taitel Y. The Elimination of Severe Slugging, Experiments and Modelling. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1996, 22(6):1055-1072.
141. Johal K.S., et al. An Alternative Economic Method to Riser Base Gas Lift for Deepwater Subsea Oil/Gas Field Developments 1997, 487-492. Aberdeen, Scotland.
142. Jolly W.D., Morrow T.B., O'Brien J.F., Spence H.F., Svedeman S.J. New Methods for Rapid Leak Detection in Offshore Pipelines 1992, Final Report, SWRI Project No. 04-4558, SWRI.
143. Jones O.C., Zuber N. The Interrelation Between Void Fraction Fluctuations and Flow Patterns in Two-Phase Flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1975, 2:273-306.
144. Kang C., Wilkens R.J., Jepson W.P. The Effect of Slug Frequency on Corrosion in High-Pressure, Inclined Pipelines 1996, Denver, CO, Paper No. 96020.
145. Katz D.L. Prediction of Conditions for Hydrate Formation in Natural Gases. Trans. AIME 1945, 160:140-149.
146. Kelland M.A., Svartaas T.M., Dybvik L. New Generation of Gas Hydrate Inhibitors 1995, SPE 30695. 70th SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, TX, pp. 529-537.
147. Kelland M.A., Svartaas T.M., Ovsthus J., Namba T. A New Class of Kinetic Inhibitors. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 2000, 912:281-293. New York, NY.
148. Klemp S. Extending the Domain of Application of Multiphase Technology 1999, Cannes, France.
149. Kovalev K., Cruickshank A., Purvis J. Slug Suppression System in Operation 2003, Paper presented at the 2003 Offshore Europe Conference, Aberdeen, UK.
150. Kumar S. Gas Production Engineering 1987, Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston, TX.
151. Langner, et al. Direct Impedance Heating of Deepwater Flowlines 1999, OTC 11037. Paper presented at the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC), Houston, TX.
152. Lederhos J.P., Longs J.P., Sum A., Christiansen R.L., Sloan E.D. Effective Kinetic Inhibitors for Natural Gas Hydrates. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1996, 51(8):1221-1229.
153. Lee H.A., Sun J.Y., Jepson W.P. Study of Flow Regime Transitions of Oil-Water-Gas Mixture in Horizontal Pipelines 1993, Paper presented at the 3rd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Singapore.
154. Leontaritis K.J. The Asphaltene and Wax Deposition Envelopes. The Symposium on Thermodynamics of Heavy Oils and Asphaltenes 1995, Area 16C of Fuels and Petrochemical Division, AIChE Spring National Meeting and Petroleum Exposition, Houston, TX.
155. Leontaritis K.J. PARA-Based (Paraffin-Aromatic-Resin-Asphaltene) Reservoir Oil Characterization 1997, Houston, TX, SPE 37252.
156. Leontaritis K.J. Asphaltene Destabilization by Drilling/Completion Fluids. World Oil 1997, 218(11):101-104.
157. Leontaritis K.J. Wax Deposition Envelope of Gas Condensates 1998, Houston, TX, OTC 8776.
158. Lin P.Y., Hanratty T.J. Detection of Slug Flow from Pressure Measurements. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1987, 13:13-21.
159. Lockhart R.W., Martinelli R.C. Proposed Correlation of Data for Isothermal Two-Phase, Two-Component Flow in Pipes. Chem. Eng. Prog. 1949, 45:39-48.
160. Maddox R.N., et al. Predicting Hydrate Temperature at High Inhibitor Concentration 1991, 273-294. Norman, OK.
161. Mandhane J.M., Gregory G.A., Aziz K. A Flow Pattern Map for Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1974, 1:537-553.
162. Mann S.L., et al. Vapour-Solid Equilibrium Ratios for Structure I and II Natural Gas Hydrates 1989, 60-74. San Antonio, TX.
163. Martinelli R.C., Nelson D.B. Prediction of Pressure Drop During Forced Circulation Boiling of Water. Trans. ASME 1948, 70:695.
164. Masella J.M., Tran Q.H., Ferre D., Pauchon C. Transient Simulation of Two-Phase Flows in Pipes. Oil Gas Sci. Technol.-Revue De L'institut Français Du Pétrole 1998, 53(6):801-811.
165. McCain W.D. The Properties of Petroleum Fluids 1990, PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK. second ed.
166. McGuinness M., McKibbin R. Terrain Induced Slugging 2002, Paper presented at the 2002 Mathematics-in-Industry Study Group Meeting, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
167. McLaury B.S., Shirazi S.A. An Alternative Method to API RP 14E for Predicting Solids Erosion in Multiphase Flow. ASME J. Energy Res. Technol. 2000, 122:115-122.
168. Mehta A.P., Sloan E.D. Structure H Hydrates: The State-of-the-Art 1996, Paper presented at the 75th GPA Annual Convention, Denver, CO.
169. Mehta A., Hudson J., Peters D. Risk of Pipeline Over-Pressurization During Hydrate Remediation by Electrical Heating 2001, Houston, TX.
170. Mehta A.P., Hebert P.B., Weatherman J.P. Fulfilling the Promise of Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors: Journey from Academic Curiosity to Successful Field Implementations 2002, Houston, TX, OTC 14057.
171. Minami K. Transient Flow and Pigging Dynamics in Two-Phase Pipelines 1991, PhD Thesis,, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.
172. Mokhatab S. Interaction Between Multiphase Pipelines and Downstream Processing Plants 2005, Report No.3, TMF3 Sub-Project VII: Flexible Risers, Transient Multiphase Flow (TMF) Program, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, England.
173. Mokhatab S. Severe Slugging in a Catenary-Shaped Riser: Experimental and Simulation Studies. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 2007, 25(6):719-740.
174. Mokhatab S., Towler B.F. Dynamic Simulation of Offshore Production Plants. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 2007, 25(6):741-745.
175. Mokhatab S., Towler B.F. Severe Slugging in Flexible Risers: Review of Experimental Investigations and OLGA Predictions. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 2007, 25(7):867-880.
176. Mokhatab S., Towler B.F., Purewal S. A Review of Current Technologies for Severe Slugging Remediation. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 2007, 25(10):1235-1245.
177. Mokhatab S., Wilkens R.J., Leontaritis K.J. A Review of Strategies for Solving Gas Hydrate Problems in Subsea Pipelines. Energy Sources: Part A 2007, 29(1):39-45.
178. Molyneux P., Tait A., Kinving J. Characterization and Active Control of Slugging in a Vertical Riser 2000, 161-170. Banff, Canada.
179. Moody L.F. Friction Factors for Pipe Flow. Transactions ASME 1944, 66:671-684.
180. Muhlbauer K.W. Pipeline Risk Management Manual 1996, Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston, TX. second ed.
181. Narayanan L., Leontaritis K.J., Darby R. A Thermodynamic Model for Predicting Wax Precipitation from Crude Oils. The Symposium of Solids Deposition 1993, Area 16C of Fuels and Petrochemical Division, AIChE Spring National Meeting and Petroleum Exposition, Houston, TX.
182. Nasrifar K., Moshfeghian M., Maddox R.N. Prediction of Equilibrium Conditions for Gas Hydrate Formation in the Mixture of Both Electrolytes and Alcohol. Fluid Phase Equilibria 1998, 146(1-2):1-13.
183. National Association of Corrosion Engineers Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field Equipment 1975, NACE Std MR-01-75.
184. Ng H.J., Robinson D.B. The Measurement and Prediction of Hydrate Formation in Liquid Hydrocarbon-Water Systems. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund. 1976, 15:293-298.
185. Nielsen R.B., Bucklin R.W. Why Not Use Methanol for Hydrate Control?. Hydrocarbon Processing 1983, 62(4):71-78.
186. Oram R.K. Advances in Deepwater Pipeline Insulation Techniques and Materials 1995, London, UK, Deepwater Pipeline Technology Congress.
187. Oranje L. Condensate Behavior in Gas Pipelines Is Predictable. Oil Gas J. 1973, 39.
188. Osman M.E., El-Feky S.A. Design Methods for Two-Phase Pipelines Compared, Evaluated. Oil Gas J. 1985, 83(35):57-62.
189. Palermo T., Argo C.B., Goodwin S.P., Henderson A. Flow Loop Tests on a Novel Hydrate Inhibitor to Be Deployed in North Sea ETAP Field. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2000, 912:355-365.
190. Pan L. High Pressure Three-Phase (Gas/Liquid/Liquid) Flow 1996, PhD Thesis, Imperial College, London.
191. Pauchon C., Dhulesia H., Lopez D., Fabre J. TACITE: A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Two-Phase Flow 1993, Cannes, France.
192. Pauchon C., Dhulesia H., Lopez D., Fabre J. TACITE: A Transient Tool for Multiphase Pipeline and Well Simulation 1994, SPE 28545. Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, New Orleans, LA.
193. Peng D., Robinson D.B. A New Two-Constant Equation of State. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1976, 15(1):59-64.
194. Petalas N., Aziz K. A Mechanistic Model for Multiphase Flow in Pipes. J. Can. Petrol. Technol. 2000, 39:43-55.
195. Poettmann F.H., Sloan E.D., Mann S.L., McClure L.M. Vapor-Solid Equilibrium Ratios for Structure I and Structure II Natural Gas Hydrates 1989, Paper presented at the 68th Annual GPA Convention, San Antonio, TX.
196. Polignano R. Value of Glass-Fiber Fabrics Proven for Bituminous Coatings. Oil Gas J. 1982, 80(41):156-158. 160.
197. Pots B.F.M., et al. Severe Slug Flow in Offshore Flowline/Riser Systems 1985, SPE 13723. Paper presented at the SPE Middle East Oil Technical Conference & Exhibition, Bahrain.
198. Rajkovic M., Riznic J.R., Kojasoy G. Dynamic Characteristics of Flow Pattern Transitions in Horizontal Two-Phase Flow 1996, 1403-1408. Edizioni ETS, Pisa, Italy, vol. 3.
199. Ramachandran S., Breen P., Ray R. Chemical Programs Assure Flow and Prevent Corrosion in Deepwater Facilities and Flowlines. InDepth 2000, 6:1.
200. Rhodes K.I. Pipeline Protective Coatings Used in Saudi Arabia. Oil Gas J. 1982, 80(31):123-127.
201. Ripmeester J.A., Tse J.S., Ratcliffe C.J., McLaurin G.E. A New Clathrate Hydrate Structure. Nature 1987, 325:135-136.
202. Sagatun S.I. Riser Slugging: A Mathematical Model and the Practical Consequences. SPE Prod. Facilit. J. 2004, 19(3):168-175.
203. Salama M.M. An Alternative to API 14E Erosional Velocity Limits for Sand-Laden Fluids. J. Energy Resources Technol. 2000, 122:71-77.
204. Samant A.K. Corrosion Problems in Oil Industry Need More Attention 2003, Paper presented at ONGC Library, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, India.
205. Sandberg C., Holmes J., McCoy K., Koppitsch H. The Application of a Continuous Leak Detection System to Pipelines and Associated Equipment. IEEE Transactions on Industry Application 1989, 25:5.
206. Sarica C., Tengesdal J.Q. A New Technique to Eliminate Severe Slugging in Pipeline/Riser Systems 2000, Dallas, TX, SPE 63185.
207. Schmidt Z., Brill J.P., Beggs D.H. Experimental Study of Severe Slugging in a Two-Phase Flow Pipeline-Riser System. SPE J. 1980, 20:407-414.
208. Schweikert L.E. Tests Prove Two-Phase Efficiency for Offshore Pipeline. Oil Gas J. 1986, 39-42.
209. Scott S.L., Brill J.P., Kuba G.E., Shoham K.A., Tam W. Two-Phase Flow Experiments in the Prudhoe Bay Field of Alaska 1987, Paper presented at the Multiphase Flow Technology and Consequences for Field Development Conference, Stavanger, Norway, pp. 229-251.
210. Shaha J. Phase Interactions in Transient Stratified Flow 1999, PhD Thesis, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, England.
211. Sinquin A., Palermo T., Peysson Y. Rheological and Flow Properties of Gas Hydrate Suspensions. Oil Gas Sci. Technol.- Rev. IFP 2004, 59(1):41-57.
212. Sloan E.D. Natural Gas Hydrates. J. Petrol. Technol. 1991, 43:1414.
213. Sloan E.D. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases 1998, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY. second ed.
214. Sloan E.D. Hydrate Engineering 2000, SPE Monograph, 21, Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Publications, Richardson, TX.
215. Soldati A., Paglianti A., Giona M. Identification of Two-Phase Flow Regimes via Diffusional Analysis of Experimental Time Series. Exp. Fluids 1996, 21:151-160.
216. Son V.K., Wallace C. Reclamation/Regeneration of Glycols Used for Hydrate Inhibition 2000, Paper presented at the 12th Annual Deep Offshore Technology Conference & Exhibition, New Orleans, LA.
217. Song S. Managing Flow Assurance and Operation Risks in Subsea Tie-Back System 2008, Paper presented at the 2008 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX.
218. Storkaas E., Alstad V., Skogestad S. Stabilization of Desired Flow Regimes in Pipelines 2001, Paper presented at the AIChE Annual Meeting, Reno, NV.
219. Strommen R.D. Seven Years of Unique Experience from Subsea, Deepwater Pipeline Internal Corrosion Monitoring 2002, Paper No. 2251, presented at the Corrosion 2002 Conference, Denver, Co.
220. Taitel Y. Stability of Severe Slugging. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1986, 12(2):203-217.
221. Taitel Y., Barnea D., Brill J.P. Stratified Three-Phase Flow in Pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1995, 21(1):53-60.
222. Taitel Y., Barnea D., Dukler A.E. Modeling Flow Pattern Transitions for Steady Upward Gas-Liquid Flow in Vertical Tubes. AIChE J. 1980, 26(3):345-354.
223. Taitel Y., Dukler A.E. A Model for Predicting Flow Regime Transitions in Horizontal and Near Horizontal Gas-Liquid Flow. AIChE J. 1976, 22(1):47.
224. Taitel Y., Shoham O., Brill J.P. Simplified Transient Solution and Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Pipelines. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1989, 44(6):1353-1359.
225. Tek M.R. Multiphase Flow of Water, Oil, and Natural Gas Through Vertical Flow Strings. J. Petrol. Technol. 1961, 1029-1036.
226. Tiratsoo J.N.H. Pipeline Pigging Technology 1992, Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston, TX. second ed.
227. Towler B.F., Mokhatab S. Quickly Estimate Hydrate Formation Conditions in Natural Gases. Hydrocarbon Processing 2005, 84(4):61-62.
228. Uhl A.E. Steady Flow in Gas Pipelines 1965, IGT Report No. 10, American Gas Association (AGA), New York, NY.
229. Uhlig H.H., Revie R.W. Corrosion and Corrosion Control 1985, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. third ed.
230. Ullah M.R. A Comprehensive Assessment of the Performance of Dry-Gas Methods for Predicting the Occurrence of Wet-Gas Flow Conditions. J. Pipelines 1987, 6.
231. Varughese K. In-Situ Pipeline Rehabilitation Techniques, Equipment Improved. Oil Gas J. 1993, 91(25):54-57.
232. Wallis G.B. One Dimensional Two-Phase Flow 1969, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
233. Wilkens R.J. Prediction of the Flow Regime Transitions in High Pressure, Large Diameter, Inclined Multiphase Pipelines 1997, PhD Thesis, Ohio University, Athens, OH.
234. Wilkens R.J. Chapter 29: Flow Assurance. Fluid Flow Handbook 2002, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. J. Saleh (Ed.).
235. Xiao J.J., Shoham O., Brill J.P. A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Two-Phase Flow in Pipelines 1990, New Orleans, LA, SPE 20631.
236. Xiao J.J., Shoup G. Sizing Wet-Gas Pipelines and Slug Catchers with Steady-State Multiphase Flow Simulations. J. Energy Resources Technol. 1998, 120:106-110.
237. Yeung H.C., Lima P.C.R. Modeling of Pig Assisted Production Methods. J. Energy Resources Technol. 2002, 124:8-13.
238. Yocum B.T. Offshore Riser Slug Flow Avoidance: Mathematical Model for Design and Optimization 1973, London, UK, SPE 4312. Paper presented at the SPE London Meeting.
239. Zhang H.Q., Wang Q., Sarica C., Brill J.P. Unified Model for Gas-Liquid Pipe Flow via Slug Dynamics-Part 1: Model Development. J. Energy Resources Technol. 2003, 125(4):266-273.
240. Zuo J.Y., Zhang D.D. Gas Hydrate Formation in Aqueous Solutions Containing Methanol and Electrolytes 1999, Norman, OK.
241. Addington L., Fitz C., Lunsford K., Lyddon L., Siwek M. Sour Water: Where It Comes From and How to Handle It 2011, Czech Republic, Prague.
242. Bedell S.A., Griffin J.M., Lambrichts J.J. Current and Future Gas Treating Solvent Technologies for Improved Mercaptan Removal 2008, Paper presented at the GPA Europe Spring Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
243. Bruijn J.N.H., Huffmaster M.A., van de Graaf J., Grinsven P.F.A., Grootjans H. Maximizing Molecular Sieve Performance in Natural Gas Processing 2002, Paper presented at the 81st GPA Annual Convention, Dallas, TX.
244. Bullin K.A., Hall K.R. Optimization of Natural Gas Processing Plants Including Business Aspects 2000, Paper presented at the 79th GPA Annual Convention, Atlanta, GA.
245. Carroll J.J. Acid Gas Injection and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration 2010, Scrivener Publishing, Salem, MA.
246. Edmonds B., Moorwood R.A.S., Szcepanski R. Mercury Partioning in Natural Gases and Condensates 1996, London, UK.
247. Eckersley N. Advanced Mercury Removal Technologies. Hydrocarbon Processing 2010, 89(1):29-35.
248. GPSA Engineering Data Book 2004, Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA), Tulsa, OK. twelfth ed.
249. Hubbard R. The Role of Gas Processing in the Natural Gas Value Chain. J. Petrol. Technol. 2009, 65-71.
250. Kidnay A.J., Parrish W.R. Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing 2006, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
251. Manning F.S., Thompson R.E. Oil Field Processing of Petroleum 1991, vol. 1. Natural Gas, Pennwell Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK.
252. Markovs J., Clark K. Optimized Mercury Removal in Gas Plants 2005, San Antonio, TX, USA, Paper presented at the 84th Annual GPA Convention.
253. McMahon D. Navigating the Technical Minefield of Gas Processing Options 2004, Paper presented at the GPA Europe Meeting, London, UK.
254. Mokhatab S., Meyer P. Selecting Best Technology Lineup for Designing Gas Processing Units 2009, Barcelona, Spain.
255. Mokhatab S. An Optimum Lineup for Sour Gas Processing. Petrol. Technol. Q. 2010, 37-43. Gas Issue.
256. Odello R. Systematic Method Aids Choice of Field Gas Treatment. Oil Gas J. 1981, 79(6):103-109.
257. Rojey A., Jaffret C., Cornot-Gandolph S., Durand B., Jullin S., Valais M. Natural Gas Production, Processing 1997, Transport, Editions Technip, Paris, France.
258. Row V.A., Humphrys M. The Impact of Mercury on Gas Processing Plant Assets and Its Removal 2011, Copenhagen, Denmark.
259. Seagraves J. Sulfur Removal in Amine Plants. Hydrocarbon Engineering 2001, 6(12):47-50.
260. Son K.V., Wallace C. Reclamation/Regeneration of Glycols Used for Hydrate Inhibition 2000, New Orleans, LA.
261. Spletter K.G., Adair L. US Gas-Processing Profitability Statistics. Oil Gas J. 2001, 99:21.
262. Sridhar N., Dunn D.S., Anderko A.M., Lencka M.M., Schutt H.U. Effects of Water and Gas Compositions on the Internal Corrosion of Gas Pipelines-Modeling and Experimental Studies. Corrosion 2001, 57(3):221-235.
263. Starr S.L., Adair L. High NGL, Natural Gas Prices Make Processing Margins More Volatile. Oil Gas J. 2004, 102(36):58-63.
264. Thorn R., Johansen G.A., Hammer E.A. Three-Phase Flow Measurement in the Offshore Oil Industry: Is There a Place for Process Tomography 1999, Greater Manchester, Buxton, Paper presented at the 1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography.
265. Zomerman J.J., Bradley A.D., Sikkenk J.H., Bras E.C. Issues & Design Trends in Onshore Gas Reception Facilities 2009, Qatar, Doha.
266. API Spec 12J Specification for Oil and Gas Separators 1989, American Petroleum Institute (API), Washington, DC. seventh ed.
267. ASTM D3240, Standard Test Method for Undissolved Water in Aviation Turbine Fuels. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), West Conshohocken, PA.
268. Arnold K., Stewart M. Surface Production Operations, vol. 1: Design of Oil-Handling Systems and Facilities 1998, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX. second ed.
269. ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Table UCS-23 1986, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, NY.
270. Basu S. A Study on the Effect of Wetting on the Mechanism of Coalescence. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1993, 159:68-76.
271. Brouwer J.M., Epsom H.D. Twister Supersonic Gas Conditioning for Unmanned Platforms and Subsea Gas Processing 2003, SPE 83977. Paper presented at the Offshore Europe Conference, Aberdeen, UK.
272. Brouwer J.M., Bakker G., Verschoof H.J., Epsom H.D. Supersonic Gas Conditioning: First Commercial Offshore Experience 2004, Paper presented at the 83rd Annual GPA Convention, New Orleans, LA.
273. Brown R.L., Malbrel C., Wines T.H. Recent Developments in Liquid/Gas Separation Technology 1994, Paper presented at the 44th Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Conference, Norman, OK.
274. Burke N.E., Kashou S.F. Slug-Sizing/Slug-Volume Prediction: State of the Art Review and Simulation. SPE Prod. Facilit. J. 1996, 11:166-172.
275. Campbell J.M. Gas Conditioning and Processing 1992, Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, OK. seventh ed.
276. Gomez L.E., Mohan R.S., Shoham O., Kouba G.E. Enhanced Mechanistic Model and Field Application Design of Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separators. SPE J. 2000, 5(2):190-198.
277. GPSA Engineering Data Book 2004, Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA), Tulsa, OK, vol. 1, Section 7. twelfth ed.
278. Hampton P., Darde T., James R., Wines T.H. Liquid-Liquid Separation Technology Improves IFPEXOL Process Economics. Oil Gas J. 2001, 99(16):54-57.
279. Hughes V.B. Aviation Fuel Handling: New Mechanism Insight into the Effect of Surfactants on Water Coalescer Performance 1997, Paper presented at the 2nd International Filtration Conference, San Antonio, TX.
280. Jeater P., Rushton E., Davies G.A. Coalescence in Fibre Beds. Filtration & Separation 1980, 129.
281. Katona Q., Darde T., Wines T.H. Improve Haze Removal for FCC Gasoline. Hydrocarbon Process. 2001, 80(8):103-108.
282. Kumar S. Gas Production Engineering 1987, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX.
283. Manning F.S., Thompson R.E. Oil Field Processing, vol. 2: Crude Oil 1995, PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK.
284. Miller J.D., Koslow R.R., Williamson K.W. 1988, U.S. Patent 4, 676, 807 (June 1987); id. U.S. Patent 4, 759, 782.
285. Mohan R.S., Shoham O. Design and Development of Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone: Compact Separators for Three-Phase Flow 2003, Final Technical Report submitted to the U.S. Department of Energy, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.
286. Monnery W.D., Svrcek W.Y. Successfully Specify Three-Phase Separators. Chem. Eng. Prog. 1994, 90(9):29-40.
287. Murphy W.L. Practical In-Service Simulation Tests for Rating of High Efficiency Aerosol Coalescing Performance 1984, PEDD-FSR-101a, Pall Corporation Equipment Development, New York, NY.
288. NATCO Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC) for Compact Gas-Liquid Separations 2002, NATCO Group Products Manual, 1, 1243-A1/A2.
289. Okimoto F.T., Brouwer J.M. Supersonic Gas Conditioning. World Oil 2002, 223(8):89-91.
290. Pauley C.R., Hashemi R., Caothien S. Analysis of Foaming Mechanisms in Amine Plants 1988, Paper presented at the AIChE Summer Meeting, Denver, CO.
291. Rojey A., Jaffret C., Cornot-Gandolphe S., Durand B., Jullian S., Valais M. Natural Gas Production, Processing, Transport 1997, Editions Technip, Paris, France.
292. Schlotthauer M., Hashemi R. Gas Conditioning: A Key to Success in Turbine Combustion Systems Using Landfill Gas Fuels 1991, Paper presented at the 14th Annual Landfill Gas Symposium, GRCDA/SWANA, San Diego, CA.
293. Shell DEP 31.40.10.12-Gen Design Manual of Multiple-Pipe Slug Catchers 1998, Design and Engineering Practice (DEP) Publications, Shell Global Solutions International B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands.
294. Smith T.J., Schultheis S.M., Hanifan M. Millennium Petrochemicals Inc. Morris Plant Improves Compressor Reliability and Onstream Time Using Reciprocating Compressor Monitoring 1997, Paper presented at the NPRA Maintenance Conference, New Orleans, LA.
295. Souders M., Brown G.G. Design and Fractionating Columns. 1. Entrainment and Capacity. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26(1):98.
296. Suarez F.J. Pluses and Minuses of Caustic Treating. Hydrocarbon Process. 1996, 75(10):117-123.
297. Svrcek W.Y., Monnery W.D. Design Two-Phase Separators Within the Right Limits. Chem. Eng. Prog. 1993, 89(10):53-60.
298. Talavera P.G. Selecting Gas/Liquid Separators. Hydrocarbon Process. 1990, 69(6):81-84.
299. Wang S., Gomez L.E., Mohan R.S., Shoham O., Kouba G.E. Gas-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC) Compact Separators for Wet Gas Applications. ASME J. Energy Res. Technol. 2003, 125(1):43-50.
300. Williamson K., Tousi S., Hashemi R. Recent Developments in Performance Rating of Gas/Liquid Coalescers 1988, Paper presented at the First Annual Meeting of the American Filtration Society, Ocean City, MD.
301. Wines T.H., Lorentzen C. High Performance Liquid/Gas Coalescers for Compressor Protection 1999, Compressor Workshop, Lambton College of Applied Arts and Technology, Sarnia, ON, Canada.
302. Wines T.H. Optimize NOx Reductions Facility-Wide. Hydrocarbon Process. 2004, 83(4):53-59.
303. Xiao J.J., Shoup G. Sizing Wet-Gas Pipelines and Slug Catchers with Steady-State Multiphase Flow Simulations. ASME J. Energy Res. Technol. 1998, 120:106-110.
304. Campbell J.M. Gas Conditioning and Processing 2000, Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, OK. eighth ed.
305. GPSA Engineering Data Book 2004, Gas Processors Suppliers Association, Tulsa, OK, twelfth ed. 2004.
306. Hotblack C. BG Tunisia's Advanced Process Control Improves Condensate Product Stability. World Oil 2004, 225:9.
307. Reid R., Prausnitz J.M., Sherwood T. The Properties of Gases and Liquids 1977, McGraw-Hill Book Publishing Company, New York, NY. third ed.
308. TRW Environmental, Inc Background Documentation for Storage of Organic Liquids 1981, EPA Contract No. 68-02-3174, NC.
309. U.S.EPA's AP-42 Manual Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1995, vol. 1. Washington, DC. fifth ed.