Stigma and social support in substance abuse: Implications for mental health and well-being

Psychiatry Research

Volumn 252, Issue , 2017, Pages 1-8

  Birtel, Michèle D ^a   Wood, Lisa ^b,c   Kempa, Nancy J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

^b NORTH EAST LONDON NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Depression; Internalized stigma; Self esteem; Shame; Sleep; Substance use disorders

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG ABUSE; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; ONLINE SYSTEM; PERCEPTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING; SELF ESTEEM; SHAME; SLEEP QUALITY; SOCIAL STIGMA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF CONCEPT; SLEEP DISORDER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERCEPTION; SELF CONCEPT; SHAME; SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS; SOCIAL STIGMA; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85013667602     PISSN: 01651781     EISSN: 18727123     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.097     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A., The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 51 (1986), 1173–1182, 10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173.
2. Barry, C.L., McGinty, E.E., Pescosolido, B.A., Goldman, H.H., Stigma, discrimination, treatment effectiveness, and policy: Public views about drug addiction and mental illness. Psychiatr. Serv. 65 (2014), 1269–1272, 10.1176/appi.ps.201400140.
3. Baumeister, R.F., Leary, M.R., The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychol. Bull. 117 (1995), 497–529, 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497.
4. Beals, K.P., Peplau, L.A., Gable, S.L., Stigma management and well-being: the role of perceived social support, emotional processing, and suppression. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 35 (2009), 867–879, 10.1177/0146167209334783.
5. Beatty, D.L., Hall, M.H., Kamarck, T.A., Buysse, D.J., Owens, J.F., Reis, S.E., Matthews, K.A., Unfair treatment is associated with poor sleep in African American and Caucasian adults: Pittsburgh SleepSCORE project. Health Psychol. 30 (2011), 351–359, 10.1037/a0022976.
6. Beck, A.T., Wright, F.D., Newman, C.F., Liese, B.S., Cognitive Therapy of Substance Abuse. 2011, Guilford Press, New York.
7. Birchwood, M., Meaden, A., Trower, P., Gilbert, P., Plaistow, J., The power and omnipotence of voices: subordination and entrapment by voices and significant others. Psychol. Med. 2 (2000), 337–344, 10.1017/s0033291799001828.
8. Blascovich, J., Mendes, W.B., Hunter, S.B., Lickel, B., Kowai-Bell, N., Perceiver threat in social interactions with stigmatized others. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 80 (2001), 253–267, 10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.253.
9. Bowerman, B.L., O'Connell, R.T., Linear Statistical Models: An Applied Approach. 1990, Brooks/Cole, New York.
10. Brohan, E., Slade, M., Clement, S., Thornicroft, G., Experiences of mental illness stigma, prejudice and discrimination: a review of measures. BMC Health Serv. Res. 10 (2010), 1–80, 10.1186/1472-6963-10-80.
11. Cohen, S., Wills, T.A., Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol. Bull. 98 (1985), 310–357, 10.1037//0033-2909.98.2.310.
12. Cohen, S., Sherrod, D.R., Clark, M.S., Social skills and the stress-protective role of social support. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 50 (1986), 963–973, 10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.963.
13. Cook, D.R., Measuring shame: the internalized shame scale. Alcohol. Treat. Q. 4 (1987), 197–215, 10.1300/j020v04n02_12.
14. Corrigan, P.W., Penn, D.L., Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma. Am. Psychol. 54 (1999), 765–776, 10.1037/0003-066x.54.9.765.
15. Corrigan, P.W., Watson, A.C., Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World Psychiatry 1 (2002), 16–20.
16. Corrigan, P.W., Watson, A.C., Barr, L., The self-stigma of mental illness: implications for self-esteem and self-efficacy. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. 25 (2006), 875–884, 10.1521/jscp.2006.25.8.875.
17. Crisp, A.H., Gelder, M.G., Rix, S., Meltzer, H.I., Rowlands, O.J., Stigmatisation of people with mental illnesses. Br. J. Psychiatry 177 (2000), 4–7, 10.1192/bjp.177.1.4.
18. Cunningham, J.A., Sobell, L.C., Sobell, M.B., Agrawal, S., Toneatto, T., Barriers to treatment: why alcohol and drug abusers delay or never seek treatment. Addict. Behav. 18 (1993), 347–353, 10.1016/0306-4603(93)90036-9.
19. Eisenberger, N.I., Lieberman, M.D., Williams, K.D., Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science 302 (2003), 290–292, 10.1037/e633912013-635.
20. Ellis, B., Bernichon, T., Yu, P., Roberts, T., Herrell, J.M., Effect of social support on substance abuse relapse in a residential treatment setting for women. Eval. Program. Plan. 27 (2004), 213–221, 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.01.011.
21. Fazio, R.H., Jackson, J.R., Dunton, B.C., Williams, C.J., Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: a bona fide pipeline?. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 69 (1995), 1013–1027, 10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1013.
22. Fritz, M.S., MacKinnon, D.P., Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychol. Sci. 18 (2007), 233–239.
23. Gilbert, P., The relationship of shame, social depression and anxiety: the role of the evaluation of social rank. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 7 (2000), 174–189, 10.1002/1099-0879(200007)7:3<174::aid-cpp236>3.0.co;2-u.
24. Greenwald, A.G., Banaji, M.R., Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychol. Rev. 102 (1995), 4–27, 10.1037/0033-295X.102.1.4.
25. Hasson-Ohayon, I., Ehrlich-Ben, Or, S., Vahab, K., Amiaz, R., Wiser, M., Roe, D., Insight in mental illness and self-stigma: the mediating role of shame proneness. Psychiatry Res. 200 (2012), 802–806, 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.038.
26. Hayes, A.F., Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. 2013, Guilford Press, New York.
27. Hayes, S.C., Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav. Ther. 35 (2004), 639–665, 10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80013-3.
28. Klingemann, H., Gmel, G., Mapping the Social Consequences of Alcohol Consumption. 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
29. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R., Williams, J., Lowe, B., An ultra-brief screening scale for depression and anxiety: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics 50 (2009), 613–621, 10.1176/appi.psy.50.6.613.
30. LeBel, T.P., Perceptions of and responses to stigma. Sociol. Compass 2 (2008), 409–432, 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00081.x.
31. Li, L., Lee, S.J., Thammawijaya, P., Jiraphongsa, C., Rotheram-Borus, M.J., Stigma, social support, and depression among people living with HIV in Thailand. AIDS Care 21 (2009), 1007–1013, 10.1080/09540120802614358.
32. Link, B.G., Phelan, J.C., Labeling and stigma. Aneshensel, C.S., Phelan, J.C., Bierman, A., (eds.) Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health, 2013, Springer, Dordrecht, 525–541.
33. Link, B.G., Yang, L.H., Phelan, J.C., Collins, P.Y., Measuring mental illness stigma. Schizophr. Bull. 30 (2004), 511–541, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007098.
34. Link, B.G., Cullen, F.T., Struening, E., Shrout, P.E., Dohrenwend, B.P., A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: an empirical assessment. Am. Sociol. Rev. 54 (1989), 400–423, 10.2307/2095613.
35. Link, B.G., Struening, E.L., Rahav, M., Phelan, J.C., Nuttbrock, L., On stigma and its consequences: Evidence from a longitudinal study of men with dual diagnosis of mental illness and substance abuse. J. Health Soc. Behav. 38 (1997), 177–190, 10.2307/2955424.
36. Link, B.G., Struening, E.L., Neese-Todd, S., Asmussen, S., Phelan, J.C., Stigma as a barrier to recovery: the consequences of stigma for the self-esteem of people with mental illness. Psychiatri. Serv. 52 (2001), 1621–1626, 10.1176/appi.ps.52.12.1621.
37. Livingston, J.D., Boyd, J.E., Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc. Sci. Med. 71 (2010), 2150–2161, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.030.
38. Luoma, J.B., Kohlenberg, B.S., Hayes, S.C., Bunting, K., Rye, A.K., Reducing self-stigma in substance abuse through acceptance and commitment therapy: model, manual development, and pilot outcomes. Addict. Res. Theory 16 (2008), 149–165, 10.1080/16066350701850295.
39. Luoma, J.B., O'Hair, A., Kohlenberg, B., Hayes, S., Fletcher, L., The development and psychometric properties of a new measure of perceived stigma toward substance users. Subst. Use Misuse 45 (2010), 47–57, 10.3109/10826080902864712.
40. Luoma, J.B., Twohig, M.P., Waltz, T., Hayes, S.C., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Fisher, G., An investigation of stigma in individuals receiving treatment for substance abuse. Addict. Behav. 32 (2007), 1331–1346, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.09.008.
41. Major, B., O'Brien, L.T., The social psychology of stigma. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 56 (2005), 393–421, 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137.
42. Medical Research Council, Good Research Practice: Principles and Guidelines. 2012, MRC, London.
43. Menard, S., Applied Logistic Regression Analysis. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in Social Sciences. (07-106), 1995, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
44. Mickelson, K.D., Perceived stigma, social support, and depression. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 27 (2001), 1046–1056, 10.1177/0146167201278011.
45. Mueller, B., Nordt, C., Lauber, C., Rueesch, P., Meyer, P.C., Roessler, W., Social support modifies perceived stigmatization in the first years of mental illness: a longitudinal approach. Soc. Sci. Med. 62 (2006), 39–49, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.014.
46. Myers, R.H., Classical and Modern Regression with Applications. 1990, PWS and Kent Publishing Company, Boston.
47. Nguyen, A.W., Chatters, L.M., Taylor, R.J., Mouzon, D.M., Social support from family and friends and subjective well-being of older African Americans. J. Happiness Stud. 17 (2016), 959–979, 10.1007/s10902-015-9626-8.
48. Page, S., Effects of the mental illness label in 1993: Acceptance and rejection in the community. J. Health Soc. Policy 7 (1996), 61–68, 10.1300/j045v07n02_05.
49. Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Nordhus, I., Silvertsen, B., Hjornevik, M., Morin, C., A new scale for measuring insomnia: the Bergen Insomnia Scale 1. Percept. Mot. Skill 107 (2008), 691–706, 10.2466/pms.107.3.691-706.
50. Parcesepe, A.M., Cabassa, L.J., Public stigma of mental illness in the United States: a systematic literature review. Adm. Policy Ment. Health 40 (2013), 384–399, 10.1007/s10488-012-0430-z.
51. Pascoe, E.A., Smart Richman, L., Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol. Bull. 135 (2009), 531–554, 10.1037/a0016059.
52. Penn, D.L., Martin, J., The stigma of severe mental illness: some potential solutions for a recalcitrant problem. Psychiatr. Q. 69 (1998), 235–247, 10.1023/a:1022153327316.
53. Pescosolido, B.A., Monahan, J., Link, B.G., Stueve, A., Kikuzawa, S., The public's view of the competence, dangerousness, and need for legal coercion of persons with mental health problems. Am. J. Public Health 89 (1999), 1339–1345, 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1339.
54. Preacher, K.J., Hayes, A.F., Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav. Res. Methods 40 (2008), 879–891, 10.3758/brm.40.3.879.
55. Preacher, K.J., Hayes, A.F., Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research. Hayes, A.F., Slater, M.D., Snyder, L.B., (eds.) The Sage Sourcebook of Advanced Data Analysis Methods for Communication Research, 2008, Sage, Thousand Oaks, 13–54.
56. Preacher, K.J., Kelley, K., Effect size measures for mediation models: quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychol. Methods 16 (2011), 93–115, 10.1037/a0022658.
57. Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y., Patra, J., Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 373 (2009), 2223–2233, 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60746-7.
58. Ritsher, J.B., Otilingam, P.G., Grajales, M., Internalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure. Psychiatry Res. 121 (2003), 31–49, 10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008.
59. Room, R., Stigma, social inequality and alcohol and drug use. Drug Alcohol Rev. 24 (2005), 143–155, 10.1080/09595230500102434.
60. Rosenberg, M., Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. 1965, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
61. Schomerus, G., Corrigan, P.W., Klauer, T., Kuwert, P., Freyberger, H.J., Lucht, M., Self-stigma in alcohol dependence: consequences for drinking-refusal self-efficacy. Drug Alcohol Depend. 114 (2011), 12–17, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.08.013.
62. Schomerus, G., Lucht, M., Holzinger, A., Matschinger, H., Carta, M.G., Angermeyer, M.C., The stigma of alcohol dependence compared with other mental disorders: a review of population studies. Alcohol Alcohol. 46 (2011), 105–112, 10.1093/alcalc/agq089.
63. Semple, S.J., Grant, I., Patterson, T.L., Utilization of drug treatment programs by methamphetamine users: the role of social stigma. Am. J. Addict. 14 (2005), 367–380, 10.1080/10550490591006924.
64. Sibitz, I., Amering, M., Unger, A., Seyringer, M.E., Bachmann, A., Schrank, B., Woppmann, A., The impact of the social network, stigma and empowerment on the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Eur. Psychiatry 26 (2011), 28–33, 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.08.010.
65. Simbayi, L.C., Kalichman, S., Strebel, A., Cloete, A., Henda, N., Mqeketo, A., Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Soc. Sci. Med. 64 (2007), 1823–1831, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.006.
66. Thoits, P.A., Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. J. Health Soc. Behav. 52 (2011), 145–161, 10.1177/0022146510395592.
67. Thomas, K.S., Bardwell, W.A., Ancoli-Israel, S., Dimsdale, J.E., The toll of ethnic discrimination on sleep architecture and fatigue. Health Psychol. 25 (2006), 635–642, 10.1037/0278-6133.25.5.635.
68. Uchino, B.N., Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. J. Behav. Med. 29 (2006), 377–387, 10.1007/s10865-006-9056-5.
69. Van Boekel, L.C., Brouwers, E.P., Van Weeghel, J., Garretsen, H.F., Public opinion on imposing restrictions to people with an alcohol-or drug addiction: a cross-sectional survey. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 48 (2013), 2007–2016, 10.1007/s00127-013-0704-0.
70. Van Boekel, L.C., Brouwers, E.P., Van Weeghel, J., Garretsen, H.F., Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 131 (2013), 23–35, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018.
71. Van Boekel, L.C., Brouwers, E.P.M., Van Weeghel, J., Garretsen, H.F.L., Experienced and anticipated discrimination reported by individuals in treatment for substance use disorders within the Netherlands. Health Soc. Care Commun. 24 (2016), e23–e33, 10.1111/hsc.12279.
72. Van Brakel, W.H., Measuring health-related stigma – a literature review. Psychol. Health Med. 11 (2006), 307–334, 10.1080/13548500600595160.
73. Vass, V., Morrison, A.P., Law, H., Dudley, J., Taylor, P., Bennett, K.M., Bentall, R.P., How stigma impacts on people with psychosis. The mediation effect of self-esteem and hopelessness on subjective recovery and psychotic experiences. Psychiatry Res. 230 (2015), 487–495, 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.042.
74. Vyavaharkar, M., Moneyham, L., Corwin, S., Saunders, R., Annang, L., Tavakoli, A., Relationships between stigma, social support, and depression in HIV-infected African American women living in the rural Southeastern United States. J. Assoc. Nurses AIDS Care 21 (2010), 144–152, 10.1016/j.jana.2009.07.008.
75. Wiechelt, S.A., Sales, E., The role of shame in women's recovery from alcoholism: the impact of childhood sexual abuse. J. Soc. Work Pract. Addict. 1 (2001), 101–116, 10.1300/j160v01n04_07.
76. Williams, D.R., Mohammed, S.A., Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. J. Behav. Med. 32 (2009), 20–47, 10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0.
77. Williams, K.D., Zadro, L., Ostracism: on being ignored, excluded and rejected. Leary, M.R., (eds.) Interpersonal Rejection, 2001, Oxford University Press, New York, 21–53.
78. Wood, L., Irons, C., Exploring the associations between social rank and external shame with experiences of psychosis. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 44 (2016), 527–538, 10.1017/S1352465815000570.
79. World Medical Association, WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. 2013, World Medical Association, Brazil.
80. Zadro, L., Williams, K.D., Richardson, R., How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 40 (2004), 560–567, 10.1016/j.jesp.2003.11.006.
81. Zimet, G.D., Dahlem, N.W., Zimet, S.G., Farley, G.K., The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J. Personal. Assess. 52 (1988), 30–41, 10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2.