General Self-Efficacy and Mortality in the USA; Racial Differences

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 746-757

  Assari, Shervin ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

African Americans; Blacks; Ethnic groups; Mortality; Self efficacy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; CAUCASIAN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH DISPARITY; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PSYCHOLOGY; SELF CONCEPT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; SELF EFFICACY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85013647716     PISSN: 21973792     EISSN: 21968837     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0278-0     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984.
2. Lau RR. Origins of health locus of control beliefs. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982;42(2):322–34.
3. Lachman ME, Neupert SD, Agrigoroaei S, et al. The relevance of control beliefs for health and aging. In: Schaie KW, Willis SL, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging, vol. 7. New York: Elsevier; 2011. p. 175–90.
4. Rabani Bavojdan M, Towhidi A, Rahmati A. The relationship between mental health and general self-efficacy beliefs, coping strategies and locus of control in male drug abusers. Addict Health. 2011;3(3–4):111–8.
5. Bandura A, Barbaranelli C, Caprara GV, Pastorelli C. Multifaceted impact of self-efficacy beliefs on academic functioning. Child Dev. 1996;67:1206–22.
6. Maciejewski PK, Prigerson HG, Mazure CM. Self-efficacy as a mediator between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. Differences based on history of prior depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;176:373–8.
7. Turiano NA, Chapman BP, Agrigoroaei S, Infurna FJ, Lachman M. Perceived control reduces mortality risk at low, not high, education levels. Health Psychol. 2014;33(8):883–90.
8. Drake KA, Galanter JM, Burchard EG. Race, ethnicity and social class and the complex etiologies of asthma. Pharmacogenomics. 2008;9(4):453–62.
9. Assari S. Race, sense of control over life, and short-term risk of mortality among older adults in the United States. Arch Med Sci. 2016.DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59740 In Press.
10. Bandura A, Cioffi D, Taylor CB, Brouillard ME. Perceived self-efficacy in coping with cognitive stressors and opioid activation. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;55(3):479–88.
11. Clark NM, Dodge JA. Exploring self-efficacy as a predictor of disease management. Health Educ Behav. 1999;26(1):72–89.
12. Tahmassian K, Moghadam JN. Relationship between self-efficacy and symptoms of anxiety, depression, worry and social avoidance in a normal sample of students. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2011;5:91–8.
13. Assari S, Zivin K, Burgard S. Long-term reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and number of chronic medical conditions: longitudinal support for black-white health paradox. J Racial Ethnic Health Disparities. 2015;2(2):1–9.
14. House JS, Lepkowski JM, Kinney AM, Mero RP, Kessler RC, Herzog AR. The social stratification of aging and health. J Health Soc Behav. 1994;213–34.
15. House JS, Kessler RC, Herzog AR. Age, socioeconomic status, and health. Milbank Q. 1990;68(3):383–411.
16. Lantz PM, House JS, Mero RP, Williams DR. Stress, life events, and socioeconomic disparities in health: results from the Americans’ Changing Lives Study. J Health Soc Behav. 2005;46(3):274–88.
17. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unified theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84:191–215.
18. Sherer M, Maddux JE, Mercandante B, Prentice-Dunn S, Jacobs B, Rogers RW. The self-efficacy scale: construction and validation. Psychol Reports. 1982;51:663–71.
19. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1965.
20. Pearlin LI, Schooler C. The structure of coping. J Health Soc Behav. 1978;19(1):2–21.
21. Assari S, Race, self-rated health, and kidney disease deaths in United States; a 25 year cohort with a nationally representative sample. Adv Biomed Res. 2015. In Press.
22. Assari S, Lankarani MM, Burgard SA. Black white difference in long term predictive power of self-rated health on all-cause mortality in United States. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(2):106–14. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.006.
23. Turner RJ. Stress: measurement by self-report and interview. International Encyclodia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. London: Elsevier; 2001.
24. Lerebours E, Gower-Rousseau C, Merle V, Brazier F, Debeugny S, Marti R, et al. Stressful life events as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease onset: a population-based case–control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(1):122–31.
25. Musliner KL, Seifuddin F, Judy JA, Pirooznia M, Goes FS, Zandi PP. Polygenic risk, stressful life events and depressive symptoms in older adults: a polygenic score analysis. Psychol Med. 2015;45(8):1709–20. doi:10.1017/S0033291714002839.
26. Yoong SL, Carey ML, D’Este C, Sanson-Fisher RW. Agreement between self-reported and measured weight and height collected in general practice patients: a prospective study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:38. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-38.
27. Idler EL, Benyamini Y. Self-rated health and mortality: a review of twenty-seven community studies. J Health Soc Behav. 1997;38:21–37.
28. Lundberg O, Manderbacka K. Assessing reliability of a measure of self-rated health. Scand J Social Med. 1996;24(3):218–24.
29. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385–401.
30. Amtmann D, Kim J, Chung H, Bamer AM, Askew RL, Wu S, et al. Comparing CESD-10, PHQ-9, and PROMIS depression instruments in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Rehabil Psychol. 2014;59(2):220–9.
31. Zhang W, O’Brien N, Forrest JI, Salters KA, Patterson TL, Montaner JS, et al. Validating a shortened depression scale (10 item CES-D) among HIV-positive people in British Columbia Canada. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40793.
32. Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL. Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (center for epidemiologic studies depression scale). Am J Prev Med. 1994;10(2):77–84.
33. Seeman M et al. Alienation and anomie. In: Robinson JR, editor. Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes, vol. 1. San Diego: Academic Press; 1991. p. 291–372.
34. Thompson SC et al. The other side of perceived control: disadvantages and negative effects. In: Spacapan S, Oshkamp S, editors. The social psychology of health. Beverly Hills: Sage; 1988. p. 69–93.
35. Schieman S, Pudrovska T, Milkie MA. The sense of divine control and the self-concept a study of race differences in late life. Research Aging. 2005;27(2):165–96.
36. Degood DE. Cognitive control factors in vascular stress responses. Psychophysiology. 1975;12:399–401.
37. Evans GW, Shapiro DH, Lewis MA. Specifying dysfunctional mismatches between different control dimensions. Br J Psychol. 1993;84:255–73.
38. Rothbaum F, Weisz JR, Snyder S. Changing the world and changing the self: a two-process model of perceived control. J Pers Soc Psych. 1982;42:5–37.
39. Houston BK. Control over stress, locus of control, and response to stress. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1972;21:249–55.
40. Manuck SB, Harvey AH, Lechleiter SL, Neal KS. Effects of coping on blood pressure responses to threat of aversive stimulation. Psychophysiology. 1978;15:544–9.
41. Sieber WJ, Rodin J, Larson L, Ortega S, Cummings N, Levy S, et al. Modulation of human natural killer cell activity by exposure to uncontrollable stress. Brain Behav Immunol. 1992;6:141–56.
42. Miller SM, Lack ER, Asroff S. Preference for control and the coronary-prone behavior pattern: I’d rather do it myself. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985;49:492–9.
43. Krantz DS et al. Helplessness, stress level, and the coronary-prone behavior pattern. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1974;10:284–300.
44. Hulbary W. Race, deprivation, and adolescent self-image. Soc Sci Q. 1975;56:105–14.
45. Crain RL, Weisman CS. Discrimination, personality, and achievement. New York: Academic; 1972.
46. Hughes M, Demo DH. Self-perceptions of Black Americans: self-esteem and personal efficacy. Am J Sociol. 1989;1:132–59.
47. Assari S. Psychosocial correlates of body mass index in the United States: intersection of race, gender and age. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2016; In Press.
48. Assari S, Lankarani MM. Race and gender differences in correlates of death anxiety among elderly in the United States. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2016; In Press. doi: 10.17795/ijpbs-2024.
49. Assari S, Does baseline stress predict depression 25 years later? Race and gender differences. J Renal Inj Prev. 2015. In Press.
50. Lankarani MM, Assari S. Association between number of comorbid medical conditions and depression among individuals with diabetes; race and ethnic variations. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2015;7(14):56.
51. Assari S, Lankarani MM. Association between stressful life events and depression; intersection of race and gender. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2015;2(3):1–8.
52. Assari S, Burgard SA, Black-white differences in the effect of baseline depressive symptoms on deaths due to renal diseases: 25 year follow up of a nationally representative community sample. J Renal Inj Prev. 2015; In Press.
53. King DK. Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: the context of a Black feminist ideology. 1988; 42–72.
54. Hunt JG, Hunt LL. Racial inequality and self-image: identity maintenance and identity diffusion. Sociology Social Research. 1977;61:539–59.
55. Hoelter JW. Race differences in selective credulity and self-esteem. Sociol Q. 1982;23:527–3.
56. Gurin P, Gurin G, Lao R, Beattie M. Internal/external control and the motivational dynamics of Negro youth. J Social Issues. 1969;25:29–53.
57. Coleman JS. The evaluation of equality of educational opportunity. U.S. Department of health, education and welfare. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1966.
58. Okech AP, Harrington R. The relationships among black consciousness, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy in African American men. J Psychol. 2002;136(2):214–24.
59. Pierre MR, Mahalik JR. Examining African self-consciousness and black racial identity as predictors of black men’s psychological well-being. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2005;11(1):28–40.
60. Boardman JD, Robert SA. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and perceptions of self-efficacy. Sociol Perspect. 2000;43(1):117–36.
61. Gurin P, Epps E. Black consciousness, identity, and achievement: a study of students in historically black colleges.
62. Gurin P, Gurin G, Lao RC, Beattie M. Internal‐external control in the motivational dynamics of Negro youth. J Soc Issues. 1969;25(3):29–53.
63. Gurin P, Gurin G, Morrison BM. Personal and ideological aspects of internal and external control. Soc Psychol. 1978;275–96.
64. Gurin P, Katz D. Motivation and aspiration in the Negro college. Part 2: status and achievement in the U.S. Am J Sociol. 1969;75(4):607–31.
65. McCarthy JD, Yancey WL. Uncle Tom and Mr. Charlie: metaphysical pathos in the study of racism and personal disorganization. American J Sociology. 1971;7(6):648–72.
66. Porter JR, Washington RE. Black identity and self-esteem: a review of studies of black self-concept, 1968–1978. In: Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 5. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews; 1979. p. 53–74.
67. Kvarme LG, Haraldstad K, Helseth S, Sørum R, Natvig GK. Associations between general self-efficacy and health-related quality of life among 12-13-year-old school children: a cross-sectional survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;23(7):85.
68. Vaezi S, Fallah N. The relationship between self-efficacy and stress among Iranian EFL teachers. J Language Teaching Res. 2011;2(5):1168–74.
69. Buchanan T, Selmon N. Race and gender differences in self-efficacy: assessing the role of gender role attitudes and family background. Sex Roles. 2008;58(11–12):822–36.
70. Gecas V, Schwalbe ML. Beyond the looking-glass self: social structure and efficacy-based self-esteem. Soc Psychol Q. 1983;46:77–88.
71. Gecas V. The self-concept. Annu Rev Sociol. 1982;1–33.
72. Schwalbe ML. Autonomy in work and self-esteem. Sociological Quarterly. 1985;26:519–35.
73. Rosenberg M, Pearlin L. Social class and self-esteem among children and adults. Am J Sociology. 1978;8(4):53–77.
74. Festinger L. A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations. 1954;7:117–40.
75. Cooley CH. Human nature and the social order. New York: Scribner’s; 1902.
76. Rosenberg M. Conceiving the self. New York: Basic; 1979.
77. Destin M, Oyserman D. Incentivizing education: seeing schoolwork as an investment, not a chore. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2010;46(5):846–9.
78. Oyserman D, Johnson E, James L. Seeing the destination but not the path: effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on school-focused possible self content and linked behavioral strategies. Self Identity. 2011;10(4):474–92.
79. Elmore KC, Oyserman D. If ‘we’ can succeed, ‘I’ can too: identity-based motivation and gender in the classroom. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2012;37(3):176–85.
80. Coleman JE, Mcpartland CJ, et al. Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office; 1966.
81. Gordon C. Looking ahead. DC. American Sociological Association: Washington; 1969.
82. Stennis D, Seth L. Ethnic Differences in Self-Efficacy at Southern Adventist University 2015. Senior Research Projects. Paper 183. http://knowledge.e.southern.edu/senior_research/183.
83. Assari S. Chronic medical conditions and major depressive disorder: differential role of positive religious coping among African Americans, Caribbean blacks and non-Hispanic whites. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(4):405–13.
84. Assari S. Race and ethnicity, religion involvement, church-based social support and subjective health in United States: a case of moderated mediation. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(2):208–17.
85. Assari S. Ethnic and gender differences in additive effects of socio-economics, psychiatric disorders, and subjective religiosity on suicidal ideation among blacks. Int J Prev Med. 2015;6:53.
86. Barbareschi G, Sanderman R, Kempen GI, Ranchor AV. The mediating role of perceived control on the relationship between socioeconomic status and functional changes in older patients with coronary heart disease. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008;63(6):353–61.
87. Bailis DS, Segall A, Mahon MJ, Chipperfield JG, Dunn EM. Perceived control in relation to socioeconomic and behavioral resources for health. Soc Sci Med. 2001;52(11):1661–76.
88. Bobak M, Pikhart H, Hertzman C, Rose R, Marmot M. Socioeconomic factors, perceived control and self-reported health in Russia. A cross-sectional survey. Soc Sci Med. 1998;47(2):269–79.
89. Grembowski D, Patrick D, Diehr P, Durham M, Beresford S, Kay E, et al. Self-efficacy and health behavior among older adults. J Health Soc Behav. 1993;34(2):89–104.
90. Wang Y, Yao L, Liu L, Yang X, Wu H, Wang J, et al. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;3(14):61.
91. Infurna FJ, Ram N, Gerstorf D. Level and change in perceived control predict 19-year mortality: findings from the Americans’ changing lives study. Dev Psychol. 2013;49(10):1833–47.
92. Penninx BW, van Tilburg T, Kriegsman DM, Deeg DJ, Boeke AJ, van Eijk JT. Effects of social support and personal coping resources on mortality in older age: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146(6):510–9.
93. Seeman M, Lewis S. Powerlessness, health and mortality: a longitudinal study of older men and mature women. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(4):517–25.
94. Lachman ME, Agrigoroaei S. Promoting functional health in midlife and old age: long-term protective effects of control beliefs, social support, and physical exercise. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e13297.
95. Caplan LJ, Schooler C. The roles of fatalism, self-confidence, and intellectual resources in the disablement process in older adults. Psychol Aging. 2003;18:551–61.
96. Infurna FJ, Gerstorf D, Zarit SH. Examining dynamic links between perceived control and health: longitudinal evidence for differential effects in midlife and old age. Dev Psychol. 2011;47:9–18.
97. Lachman ME, Weaver SL. The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998;74:763–73.
98. Infurna FJ, Gerstorf D. Perceived control relates to better functional health and lower cardio-metabolic risk: the mediating role of physical activity. Health Psychol. 2014;33(1):85–94.
99. Surtees PG, Wainwright WJ, Luben R, Wareham NJ, Bingham S, Khaw KT. Mastery is associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women at apparently low risk. Health Psychol. 2010;29:412–20.
100. Prati G, Pietrantoni L, Cicognani E. Self-efficacy moderates the relationship between stress appraisal and quality of life among rescue workers. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2010;23(4):463–70.