Culturally Sensitive Adaptations to Evidence-Based Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Case Paper

Cognitive and Behavioral Practice

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 459-471

  Graham LoPresti, Jessica R ^a   Gautier, Speshal Walker ^a   Sorenson, Shannon ^a   Hayes Skelton, Sarah A ^a  

^a SALEM STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

CBT; cultural sensitivity; discrimination; social anxiety

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; COPING BEHAVIOR; CULTURAL SENSITIVITY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FEMALE; FLUENCY DISORDER; GENDER; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HETEROSEXUAL FEMALE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION; SOCIAL PHOBIA; STEREOTYPY; STUTTERING; TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85013500973     PISSN: 10777229     EISSN: 1878187X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.12.003     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2013, Author, Washington, DC.
2. Baker, S.L., Heinrichs, N., Kim, H.J., Hofmann, S.G., The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale as a self-report instrument: A preliminary psychometric analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy 40 (2002), 701–715, 10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00060-2.
3. Banks, K., Kohn-Wood, L., The influence of racial identity profiles on the relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms. Journal of Black Psychology 33 (2007), 331–354, 10.1177/0095798407302540.
4. Beard, C., Rodriguez, B.F., Weisberg, R.B., Perry, A., Keller, M.B., Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale in a longitudinal study of Latinos with anxiety disorders. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 34 (2012), 269–278, 10.1177/0739986312436660.
5. Borkovec, T., Nau, S., Credibility of analogue therapy rationales. Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 3 (1972), 257–260.
6. Borrell, L., Kiefe, C., Williams, D., Diez-Roux, A., Gordon-Larsen, P., Self-reported health, perceived discrimination, and skin color in African Americans in the CARDIA study. Social Science and Medicine 63 (2006), 1415–1427, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.008.
7. Breslau, J., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Kendler, K.S., Su, M., Williams, D., Kessler, R., Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorders in a USA national sample. Psychological Medicine 36 (2006), 57–68, 10.1017/S0033291705006161.
8. Brown, T., DiNardo, P., Barlow, D., Anxiety disorders interview schedule. 1994, Oxford Universtiy Press, New York, NY.
9. Chapman, K., Delapp, R., Williams, M., Cognitive behavioral treatment for social anxiety among ethnic minority patients part 1: Understanding the difference. Directions in Psychiatry 33 (2013), 151–157.
10. Collins, K., Westra, H., Dozois, D., Stewart, S., The validity of the brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19 (2005), 345–359, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.02.003.
11. Conway, K., Compton, W., Stinson, F., Grant, B., Lifetime comorbidity of DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders and specific drug use disorders: Results from the national epidemiological survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 67 (2006), 247–257, 10.4088/jcp.v67n0211.
12. Donovan, R., Galban, D., Grace, R., Bennett, J., Felicie, S., Impact of racial macro- and microaggressions in Black women's lives: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Black Psychology 39 (2012), 186–196, 10.1177/0095798412443259.
13. Fink, C., Turner, S., Beidel, D., Culturally relevant factors in the behavioral treatment of social phobia: A case study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 10 (1996), 201–209, 10.1016/0887-6185(96)00005-9.
14. Flores, E., Tschann, J., Dimas, J., Pasch, L., de Groat, C., Perceived discrimination, perceived stress, and mental and physical health among Mexican-origin adults. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 30 (2008), 401–424, 10.1177/0739986308323056.
15. Flores, E., Tschann, J., Dimas, J., Bachen, E., Pasch, L., de Groat, C., Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and health risk behaviors among Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology 57 (2010), 264–273, 10.1037/a0020026.
16. Freimuth, V., Quinn, S., Thomas, S., Cole, G., Zook, E., Duncan, T., African American's views on research and the Tuskegee syphilis study. Social Science and Medicine 52 (2001), 797–808, 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00178-7.
17. Fresco, D., Coles, M., Heimberg, R., Leibowitz, M., Hami, S., Stein, M., Goetz, D., The Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician administered formats. Psychological Medicine 31 (2001), 1025–1035, 10.1017/S0033291701004056.
18. Graham, J., Calloway, A., Roemer, L., The buffering effects of emotion regulation in the relationship between experiences of racism and anxiety in a Black American sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research 39 (2015), 553–563, 10.1007/s10608-015-9682-8.
19. Graham, J., Sorenson, S., Hayes-Skelton, S., Enhancing cultural sensitivity of cognitive behavioral interventions for anxiety in diverse populations. Behavior Therapist 36 (2013), 101–108.
20. Graham, J., West, L., Roemer, L., The experience of racism and anxiety symptoms in an African American sample: Moderating effects of trait mindfulness. Mindfulness 4 (2013), 332–341, 10.1007/s12671-012-0133-2.
21. Graham, J., West, L., Roemer, L., The moderating role of valued living in the relationships between racism and anxious and depressive symptoms. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 4 (2015), 48–55, 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.11.001.
22. Grant, B., Hasin, D., Blanco, C., Stinson, F., Chou, P., Goldstein, R., Dawson, B., Smith, S., Saha, T., Huang, B., The epidemiology of social anxiety disorder in the United States: Results from a national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 66 (2005), 1351–1361, 10.4088/JCP.v66n1102.
23. Harrell, S., A multidimensional conceptualization of racism related stress: Implications for the well-being of people of color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 70 (2000), 42–57, 10.1037/ h0087722.
24. Harris, K.M., Edlund, M.J., Larson, S., Racial and ethnic differences in the mental health problems and use of mental health care. Medical Care 43 (2005), 775–784, 10.1097/01.mlr.0000170405.66264.23.
25. Hayes, S., Orsillo, S., Roemer, L., Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during and acceptance-based behavior therapy of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy 48 (2010), 238–245.
26. Hays, P., Integrating evidence-based practice, cognitive behavior therapy, and multicultural therapy: Ten steps for culturally competent practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 40 (2009), 354–360, 10.1037/a0016250.
27. Heimberg, R., Barlow, D., New developments in cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 52 (1991), 21–30.
28. Heimberg, R.G., Becker, R.E., Cognitive-behavioral group treatment for social phobia: Basic mechanisms and clinical applications. 2002, Guilford Press, New York.
29. Heimberg, R.G., Dodge, C.S., Hope, D.A., Kennedy, C.R., Zollo, L.J., Becker, R.E., Cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia: Comparison with a credible placebo control. Cognitive Therapy and Research 14 (1990), 1–23, 10.1007/bf01173521.
30. Heimberg, R.G., Salzman, D., Holt, C.S., Blendell, K., Cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia: Effectiveness at five-year follow-up. Cognitive Therapy and Research 17 (1993), 325–339, 10.1007/bf01177658.
31. Heimberg, R.G., Liebowitz, M.R., Hope, D.A., Schneier, F.R., Holt, C.S., Welkowitz, L.A., Juster, H.R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M.A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., Klein, D.F., Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs. phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 55 (1998), 1133–1141, 10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133.
32. Helms, J.E., Black and White racial identity: Theory, research, and practice. 1990, Greenwood Press, New York, NY.
33. Hofmann, S., The importance of culture in cognitive and behavioral practice. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 13 (2006), 243–245, 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.07.001.
34. Hope, D.A., Heimberg, R.G., Bruch, M.A., Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 33 (1995), 637–650, 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n.
35. Hunter, L., Schmidt, N., Anxiety psychopathology in African American adults: Literature review and development of an empirically informed sociocultural model. Psychology Bulletin 136 (2010), 211–235, 10.1037/a0018133.
36. Hwang, W., Wood, J., Lin, K., Cheung, F., Cognitive behavioral therapy with Chinese-Americans: Research, theory, and clinical practice. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 13 (2006), 293–303, 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.04.010.
37. Institute of Medicine, Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. 2002, National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
38. Kessler, R., Mickelson, K., Williams, D., The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 40 (1999), 208–230, 10.2307/2676349.
39. Kessler, R., Chiu, W., Demler, O., Merikangas, K., Walters, E., Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 62 (2005), 617–627, 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617.
40. Landrine, H., Klonoff, E., The schedule of racist events: A measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences. Journal of Black Psychology 22 (1996), 144–168, 10.177/009579849602220022.
41. Landrine, H., Klonoff, E., Gibbs, J., Manning, V., Lund, M., Physical and psychiatric correlates of gender discrimination: An application of the Schedule of Sexist Events. Psychology of Women Quarterly 19 (1995), 473–492, 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00087.x.
42. Leary, M., A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 9 (1983), 371–375, 10.1177/0146167283093007.
43. Loo, C., Fairbank, J., Scurifeld, R., Ruch, L., King, D., Adams, L., Chemtob, C., Measuring exposure to racism: Development and validation of a race-related stressor scale for Asian American Vietnam veterans. Psychological Assessment 13 (2001), 503–520, 10.1037/1040-3590.13.4.503.
44. McLean, C.P., Hope, D.A., Helpful aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy for clients with social anxiety. 25th Annual Meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America. Seattle, WA, 2005.
45. Miller, A., Williams, M., Wetterneck, C., Kanter, J., Tsai, M., Using functional analytic psychotherapy to improve awareness and connection in racially diverse client-therapist dyads. The Behavior Therapist 38 (2015), 150–156.
46. Ming-Foynes, M., Shipherd, J., Harrington, E., Race and gender discrimination. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 19 (2013), 111–119, 10.1037/a0030567.
47. Nguyen, H.-H.D., Ryan, A.M., Does stereotype threat affect test performance of minorities and women? A meta-analysis of experimental evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology 93 (2008), 1314–1334, 10.1037/a0012702.
48. Office of the Surgeon General, Mental health: culture, race, and ethnicity: A supplement to Mental health: A report of the surgeon general. Retrieved from http://health-equity.pitt.edu/866/, 2001.
49. Pantalone, D., Iwamasa, G., Martell, C., Cognitive behavioral therapy with diverse populations. Dobson, K., (eds.) Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapies, 3rd ed., 2010, Guilford Press, New York, NY.
50. Pascoe, E., Smart, L., Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin 135 (2009), 531–554, 10.1037/a0016059.
51. Pieterse, A., Todd, N., Neville, H., Carter, R., Perceived racism and mental health among Black American adults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Counseling Psychology 59 (2012), 1–9, 10.1037/a0026208.
52. Roberts, A., Gilman, S., Breslau, J., Breslau, N., Koenen, K., Race/Ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of posttraumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States. Psychological Medicine 41 (2011), 71–83, 10.1017/S0033291710000401.
53. Rodebaugh, T., Holaway, R., Heimberg, R., The treatment of social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review 24 (2004), 883–908, 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.007.
54. Safren, S., Hollander, G., Hart, T., Heimberg, R., Cognitive behavioral therapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 8 (2001), 215–223, 10.1016/S1077-7229(01)80056-0.
55. Shorter-Gooden, K., Multiple resistance strategies: How African American women cope with racism and sexism. Journal of Black Psychology 30 (2004), 406–425, 10.1177/0095798404266050.
56. Sibrava, N., Beard, C., Bjornsson, A., Moitra, E., Wiesberg, R., Keller, M., Two-year course of generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder in a longitudinal sample of African American adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 81 (2013), 1052–1062, 10.1037/a0034382.
57. Snowden, L., Bias in mental health assessment and intervention: Theory and evidence. American Journal of Public Health 93 (2003), 239–243, 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.239.
58. Soto, J., Dawson-Andoh, N., BeLue, R., The relationship between perceived discrimination and generalized anxiety disorder among African American, Afro-Caribbeans, and non- Hispanic Whites. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 25 (2011), 258–265, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.011.
59. Steele, C., Aronson, J., Stereotype threat and intellectual test performance of African Americans. Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995), 797–811, 10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797.
60. Sue, D.W., Microaggressions and marginality. 2010, John Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
61. Sue, D.W., Sue, D., Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. 4th ed., 2004, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
62. Suyemoto, K.L., Erisman, S.M., Holowka, D.W., Fuchs, C., Barrett-Model, H., Ng, F., Roemer, L., UMass Boston comprehensive demographic questionnaire, revised. As cited in Wadsworth, L. P., Morgan, L. P., Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Roemer, L., & Suyemoto, K. L. Ways to boost your research rigor through increasing your cultural competence. The Behavior Therapist 39 (2016), 83–89.
63. Terwilliger, J., Bach, N., Bryan, C., Williams, M., Multicultural versus colorblind ideology: Implications for mental health and counseling. Di Fabio, A., (eds.) Psychology of Counseling, 2013, Nova Science, Hauppauge, NY.
64. Turner, S., Beidel, D., Cooley, M., Woody, S., Messer, S.C., A multicomponent behavioral treatment for social phobia: Social effectiveness therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy 32 (1994), 381–390, 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90001-9.
65. Utsey, S., Adams, E., Bolden, M., Development and initial validation of the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory. Journal of Black Psychology 26 (2000), 194–215, 10.1177/0095798400026002005.
66. Watson, D., Friend, R., Measurement of social evaluative anxiety. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology 33 (1969), 448–457, 10.1037/h0027806.
67. Weeks, J., Heimberg, R., Fresco, D., Hart, T., Turk, C., Schneier, F., Liebowitz, M., Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the brief fear of negative evaluation scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment 17 (2005), 179–190, 10.1037/1040-3590.17.2.179.
68. Weiss, B., Singh, S., Hope, D., Cognitive-behavioral therapy for immigrants presenting with social anxiety disorder: Two case studies. Clinical Case Studies 10 (2011), 324–342, 10.1177/1534650111420706.
69. West, L.M., Graham, J., Roemer, L., Functioning in the face of racism: The potential buffering role of values clarification in a Black sample. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 2 (2013), 1–8, 10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.003.
70. Williams, M.T., Chapman, L.K., Wong, J., Turkheimer, E., The role of ethnic identity in symptoms of anxiety and depression in African Americans. Psychiatry Research 199:1 (2012), 31–36, 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.049.
71. Williams, M., Malcoun, E., Sawyer, B., Davis, D., Nouri, L., Bruce, S., Cultural Adaptations of prolonged exposure therapy for treatment and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder in African Americans. Behavioral Science 4 (2014), 102–124, 10.3390/bs4020102.