Hollywood films about schools: Where race, politics, and education intersect

Hollywood Films about Schools: Where Race, Politics, and Education Intersect

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-192

  Chennault, Ronald E ^a  

^a DEPAUL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85013439690     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230601055     Document Type: Book

References (273)

1. Balkin, J. M. 1998. Cultural Software: A Theory of Ideology. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press.
2. Battiata, Mary. 1985. "NEA’s Pornography Ruckus." Washington Post, sec. C, September 12.
3. Beezer, Anne, Jean Grimshaw, and Martin Barker. 1986. "Methods for Cultural Studies Students." In Introduction to Contemporary Cultural Studies. Edited by David Punter, 95-115. New York: Longman.
4. Bell, Terrel H. 1986. "Education Policy Development in the Reagan Administration." Phi Delta Kappan 67: 487-493.
5. Bennett, William. 1988. Our Children and Our Country: Improving America’s Schools and Affirming the Common Culture. New York: Simon and Schuster.
6. Bensman, David. 2000. Central Park East and Its Graduates: "Learning by Heart." New York: Teachers College Press.
7. Berg, Charles Ramírez. 1990. "Stereotyping in Films in General and of the Hispanic in Particular." Howard Journal of Communications 2: 286-300.
8. Berliner, David C., and Bruce J. Biddle. 1995. The Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack on America’s Public Schools. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
9. Biskind, Peter. 2004. Down and Dirty Pictures: Miramax, Sundance, and the Rise of Independent Film. New York: Simon and Schuster.
10. Bloom, Allan. 1987. The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students. New York: Simon and Schuster.
11. Blumenthal, Sidney. 1988. "Reaganism and the Neokitsch Aesthetic." In The Reagan Legacy. Edited by Sidney Blumenthal, and Thomas Byrne Edsall, 251-294. New York: Pantheon Books.
12. Bogle, Donald. 1973. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films. New York: Viking.
13. Bordwell, David, Janet Staiger, and Kristin Thompson. 1985. The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style and Mode of Production to 1960. New York: Columbia University Press.
14. Britt, Donna. 1995. "Finding Truth among Hollywood Lies." Newsday, August 13.
15. Brown, Michael K. 1999. Race, Money, and the American Welfare State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
16. Buckingham, David. 1991. "Teaching about the Media." In The Media Studies Book. Edited by David Lusted, 12-35. London and New York: Routledge.
17. Bush, George H. W. 1993. Remarks to Community Leaders in Los Angeles, May 8, 1992. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush, 1992-1993. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
18. Canby, Vincent. 1989. "Subversive Verse." Review of Dead Poets Society. New York Times, sec. C, June 2.
19. Cannon, Lou. 1980. "Reagan Campaigning from County Fair to Urban League." Washington Post, final edition, sec. A, August 4.
20. Carr, Jay. 1989. "Rocky Goes to School." Review of Lean on Me. Boston Globe, March 3.
21. Carton, Evan. 1989. "Better Dead than Read: The Society of Poets." Review of Dead Poets Society. Tikkun, November-December, 64-67.
22. Cavazos, Lauro. 1990. "More Parenting, Not More Money." New Perspectives Quarterly 7 (Fall): 6-8.
23. Cavazos, Lauro. 2002. "Emphasizing Performance Goals and High-Quality Education for All Students." Phi Delta Kappan 83: 690-697.
24. Chapelle, Tony. 1989. "The Benevolent Dictatorship of Joe Clark." Black Collegian, March-April, 68-70, 125.
25. Chrisman, Robert, ed. 1991-1992. "The Clarence Thomas Confirmation." Special Issue, Black Scholar 22 (1-2).
26. Christopherson, Susan. 1994. "The Fortress City: Privatized Spaces, Consumer Citizenship." In Post-Fordism: A Reader. Edited by Ash Amin, 409-427. Cambridge: Blackwell.
27. Clark, Ginger. 1996. "Beyond the Great Divide: Hollywood and Race Relations in the 1950s." Howard Journal of Communications 7: 373-382.
28. Clinton, William J. 1991. Keynote Address to the Democratic Leadership Council’s Cleveland Convention, May 6. http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid_86&subid_194&contentid_3166.
29. Clinton, William J. 1996. Between Hope and History: Meeting America’s Challenges for the 21st Century. New York: Times Books.
30. Collins, Ava. 1994. "Intellectuals, Power, and Quality Television." In Between Borders: Pedagogy and the Politics of Cultural Studies. Edited by Henry A. Giroux, and Peter McLaren, 56-73. London and New York: Routledge.
31. Collins, Mark. 1989. "Make-Believe in Dead Poets Society." English Journal 78 (8): 74-75.
32. Cortés, Carlos E. 1992. "Who is Maria? Who is Juan? Dilemmas of Analyzing the Chicano Image in U.S. Feature Films." In Chicanos and Film: Essays on Chicano Representation and Resistance. Edited by Chon A. Noriega, 83-104. New York: Garland.
33. Cortés, Carlos E. 2004. "Knowledge Construction and Popular Culture: The Media as Multicultural Educator." In Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education. 2nd ed. Edited by James A. Banks, and Cherry A. McGee Banks, 211-227. New York: Jossey-Bass.
34. Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams. 1988. "Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law." Harvard Law Review 101: 1331-1387.
35. Dalton, Mary M. 2004. The Hollywood Curriculum: Teachers in the Movies. Rev. ed. New York: Peter Lang.
36. Days, Drew S., III. 1984. "Turning Back the Clock: The Reagan Administration and Civil Rights." Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 19: 309-347.
37. Dawes, Amy. 1989. Review of Dead Poets Society. Variety, May 31, 26.
38. Denzin, Norman K., and Yvonna S. Lincoln. 2000. "Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research." In The Handbook of Qualitative Research. 2nd ed. Edited by Norman K. Denzin, and Yvonna S. Lincoln, 1-29. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39. Dezell, Maureen. 1995. "Names and Faces." Boston Globe, August 22.
40. Doten, Patti. 1989. "For Madison Park Head, Teamwork Comes First." Boston Globe, March 3.
41. D’Souza, Dinesh. 1995. The End of Racism: Principles for a Multiracial Society. New York: Free Press.
42. Duffy, Michael, and Dan Goodgame. 1992. Marching in Place: The Status Quo Presidency of George Bush. New York: Simon and Schuster.
43. Dugger, Ronnie. 1983. On Reagan: The Man and His Presidency. New York: McGraw-Hill.
44. Dyson, Michael Eric. 1992. "Between Apocalypse and Redemption: John Singleton’s Boyz N the Hood." Cultural Critique 21 (Spring): 121-141.
45. Edelman, Peter. 1997. "The Worst Thing Bill Clinton Has Done." Atlantic Monthly, March, 43-58.
46. Edelman, Rob. 1985. Review of Teachers. Cineaste 14 (2): 11-12.
47. Edsall, Thomas Byrne. 1988. "The Reagan Legacy." In The Reagan Legacy. Edited by Sidney Blumenthal, and Thomas Byrne Edsall, 3-49. New York: Pantheon Books.
48. Edsall, Thomas Byrne, with Mary D. Edsall. 1991. Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics. New York and London: Norton.
49. Emmons, Karen, Linda Gomez, and Edward Barnes. 1987. "Nine Days in June." Life, January, 83-85.
50. Farber, Paul, and Gunilla Holm. 1994. "A Brotherhood of Heroes: The Charismatic Educator in Recent American Movies." In Schooling in the Light of Popular Culture. Edited by Paul Farber, Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr., and Gunilla Holm, 153-172. Albany: State University of New York Press.
51. Farley, Ellen. 1989. "Poetry in Motion Pictures? In Robin Williams’s New Film, the Dialogue Could Be Verse." Washington Post, sec. G, June 11.
52. Finke, Nikki. 1989. "Lean on Me: A Modern Myth? Principal and Actor See Things Eye to Eye." Los Angeles Times, March 3.
53. Fiske, John. 1989. Understanding Popular Culture. Repr., Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1991.
54. Frankenberg, Ruth. 1993. White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
55. Franklin, John Hope. 1998. "Talking, not Shouting, about Race." Editorial. New York Times, sec. A, June 13.
56. Friedrich, Otto, and Ezra Bowen. 1988. "Getting Tough." Time, February 1, 52-58.
57. Gellene, Denise. 1989. "Lean on Me: A Modern Myth? Taking Artistic Liberty with the Real Joe Clark." Los Angeles Times, March 3.
58. Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
59. Giroux, Henry A. 1993. Living Dangerously: Multiculturalism and the Politics of Difference. New York: Peter Lang.
60. Giroux, Henry A. 1994. Disturbing Pleasures: Learning Popular Culture. New York: Routledge.
61. Giroux, Henry A. 1995. "Racism and the Aesthetic of Hyper-Real Violence: Pulp Fiction and Other Visual Tragedies." Social Identities 1: 333-354.
62. Giroux, Henry A., Roger I. Simon, and contributors. 1989. Popular Culture, Schooling, and Everyday Life. New York, Westport, CT, and London: Bergin & Garvey.
63. Glasgow, Douglas G., and Betty Collier-Watson. 1988. Letter to the Editor. Policy Review 46: 92-93.
64. Glass, Jon. 1995. "Dangerous Minds Inspires Teacher." Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, sec. B, September 2.
65. Gray, Herman. 1995. Watching Race: Television and the Struggle for "Blackness." Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
66. Green, Michael K. 1993. "Images of Native Americans in Advertising: Some Moral Issues." Journal of Business Ethics 12: 323-330.
67. Green, Tom. 1995. "Minds Makes Most of Music, Star Power." USA Today, sec. D, August 15.
68. Gresson, Aaron David, III. 1995. The Recovery of Race in America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
69. Gresson, Aaron David, III. 1996. "Postmodern America and the Multicultural Crisis: Reading Forrest Gump as the ‘Call Back to Whiteness.’ " Taboo 1 (Fall): 11-34.
70. Greider, William. 1992. "F Troop: The GOP Raids Public Schools." Rolling Stone, August 20, 25-26, 62.
71. Guaspari, Roberta. 1999. Music of the Heart. With Larkin Warren. New York: Hyperion.
72. Guerrero, Ed. 1993. Framing Blackness: The African American Image in Film. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
73. Guinier, Lani. 1989. "Keeping the Faith: Black Voters in the Post-Reagan Era." Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 24: 393-435.
74. Hall, Stuart. 1981. "The Whites of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media." In Silver Linings: Some Strategies for the Eighties. Edited by George Bridges, and Rosalind Brunt, 28-52. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
75. Hall, Stuart. 1992. "Race, Culture, and Communications: Looking Backward and Forward at Cultural Studies." Rethinking Marxism 5 (1): 10-18.
76. Harrison, Bennett, and Lucy Gorham. 1992. "Growing Inequality in Black Wages in the 1980s and the Emergence of an African-American Middle Class." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 11: 235-253.
77. Hartocollis, Anemona. 1999. "To Celebrate Music Teacher, Film Toughened Up School," New York Times, late edition-final, sec. B, October 27.
78. Hering, Anaklara. 1995. "Dangerous Minds Hits Hard." Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel, September 1.
79. Herrnstein, Richard J., and Charles Murray. 1994. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. New York: Free Press.
80. Hirsch, E. D., Jr. 1987. Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. Repr., New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1988.
81. Holden, Stephen. 1989. "Film View: Today’s Hits Yearn for Old Times." New York Times, sec. 2, August 13.
82. Horne, Gerald. 1994. "Ensuring a True Multiculturalism." In State of the Union 1994: The Clinton Administration and the Nation in Profile. Edited by Richard Caplan, and John Feffer, 184-199. Boulder, CO: Westview.
83. Howe, Desson. 1989. "Dead Poets Society: Mr. Williams’s English Lit." Review of Dead Poets Society. Washington Post, Weekend section, June 9.
84. Howe, Desson. 1994. "It’s a Job, No Adventure." Review of Renaissance Man. Washington Post, Weekend section, June 3.
85. Hunt, Susan. 1995. "Dangerous Minds’ Abstract Ideas Tinged with Reality." Phoenix Gazette, sec. B, September 20.
86. Hylton, Richard D. 1988. "Will the Class of 2000 Make the Grade?" Black Enterprise, October, 130-139.
87. Jackson, Kenneth T. 1985. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press.
88. Jeffords, Susan. 1994. Hard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan Era. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
89. Jewett, Robert, and John Shelton, Lawrence. 1988. The American Monomyth. 2nd ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
90. John, Joanna. 1995. "Counterpunch: Dangerous Tells It Just Like It Is." Los Angeles Times, sec. F, September 18.
91. Johnson, LouAnne. 1992. My Posse Don’t Do Homework. New York: St. Martin’s.
92. Johnson, Richard. 1980. "Cultural Studies and Educational Practice." Screen Education 34: 5-16.
93. Jones, Augustus J., Jr. 1992. "Kindler, Gentler? George Bush and Civil Rights." In Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change? Edited by Ryan J. Barilleaux, and Mary E. Stuckey, 177-190. Westport, CT: Praeger.
94. Jorgensen, Joseph G. 1986. "Federal Policies, American Indian Polities and the ‘New Federalism.’ " American Indian Culture and Research Journal 10 (2): 1-13.
95. Jubera, Drew, and Rosalind Bentley. 2005. "Klan Killer Gets the Maximum." Atlanta Journal-Constitution, home edition, sec. A, June 24.
96. Judis, John B., and Ruy Teixeira. 2002. The Emerging Democratic Majority. New York: Lisa Drew/Scribner.
97. Kaplan, Dave. 1986. "Reagan Vetoes Bill to Renew Indian Programs." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 44: 2366.
98. Kaplan, George R. 1992. Images of Education: The Mass Media’s Version of America’s Schools. Washington: National School Public Relations Association and Institute for Educational Leadership.
99. Kehr, Dave. 1989. "Dead Poets Society Exists Only for Itself." Chicago Tribune, North sports final edition, June 9.
100. Kellner, Douglas. 1990. Television and the Crisis of Democracy. Boulder, CO: Westview.
101. Kellner, Douglas. 1994. "Cultural Studies and the Gulf War: A Multiperspectival Approach." In Styles of Cultural Activism: From Theory and Pedagogy to Women, Indians, and Communism. Edited by Philip Goldstein, 103-129. Newark/London and Toronto: University of Delaware Press/Associated University Presses.
102. Kellner, Douglas. 1995. Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity and Politics between the Modern and the Postmodern. London and New York: Routledge.
103. Kelly, Michael. 1992. "Though Advisers Differ, Clinton’s in Tune with All." New York Times, September 13.
104. Keroes, Jo. 1999. Tales Out of School: Gender, Longing, and the Teacher in Fiction and Film. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press.
105. Kirp, David L. 1989. "Education: The Movie." Mother Jones, January, 36-45.
106. Koch, Cynthia. 1998. "The Contest for American Culture: A Leadership Case Study on the NEA and NEH Funding Crisis." Public Talk 1 (2). http://www.upenn.edu/pnc/ptkoch.html.
107. Kroll, Jack, with Jennifer Foote. 1988. "To Señor, with Love, Brains, and Ganas." Newsweek, March 14, 62.
108. Kwiatkowski, Jane. 1999. "All That Brashness is Real," Buffalo (NY) News, final edition, sec. F, October 31.
109. Ladd, Everett Carll. 1993. "Cause for Unease over Clinton’s Flip-Flops." Christian Science Monitor, April 16, 18.
110. LaFraniere, Sharon. 1991. "U.S. Has Most Prisoners Per Capita in the World." Washington Post, sec. A, January 5.
111. Lawson, Bill E., ed. 1992. The Underclass Question. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
112. Lindsay, Vachel. 1963. Selected Poems. Edited by Mark Harris. Repr., New York: Macmillan, 1967.
113. Lott, Tommy. 1992. "Marooned in America: Black Urban Youth Culture and Social Pathology." In The Underclass Question. Edited by Bill E. Lawson, 71-89. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
114. Lowry, Brian. 1994. Review of Renaissance Man. Variety, May 30, 51.
115. Lugg, Catherine A. 1996. For God and Country: Conservatism and American School Policy. New York: Peter Lang.
116. Lumenick, Lou. 1987. "A Weird One from Hollywood’s Trash Heap." Review of The Principal. Bergen (N.J.) Record, sec. D, September 18.
117. Lusane, Clarence, with Dennis Desmond. 1991. Pipe Dream Blues: Racism and the War on Drugs. Boston: South End.
118. McCarthy, Todd. 1995. " ‘Dangerous’ Urban Tale Lacks the Proper Punch." Review of Dangerous Minds. Variety, August 14, 55, 59.
119. McIntyre, Alice. 1997. Making Meaning of Whiteness: Exploring Racial Identity with White Teachers. Albany: State University of New York Press.
120. Malanowski, Jamie. 1999. "Shifting from Blood and Guts to Heart and Brains." New York Times, late edition-final, October 24.
121. Malecha, Gary Lee, and Daniel J. Reagan. 1992. "George Bush and Congress: The Question of Leadership." In Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change? Edited by Ryan J. Barilleaux, and Mary E. Stuckey, 59-80. Westport, CT: Praeger.
122. Maraniss, David. 1995. First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton. New York: Simon and Schuster.
123. Marcazzo, Cono Robert. 1990. Review of Lean on Me. Magill’s Cinema Annual 1990. Pasadena, CA and Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem.
124. Maslin, Janet. 1994. Review of Renaissance Man. New York Times, sec. C, June 3.
125. Meeropol, Michael. 1998. Surrender: How the Clinton Administration Completed the Reagan Revolution. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
126. Meier, Deborah. 2000. "Fiddling with Facts." Brill’s Content, February, 63-64.
127. Miller, James Nathan. 1984. "Ronald Reagan and the Techniques of Deception." Atlantic Monthly, February, 62-68.
128. Miller, Julie A. 1988. "Reagan Picks Hispanic College Chief to Succeed Bennett." Education Week, September 7, 34-35.
129. Moen, Matthew, and Kenneth T. Palmer. 1992. " ‘Poppy’ and His Conservative Passengers." In Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change? Edited by Ryan J. Barilleaux, and Mary E. Stuckey, 133-146. Westport, CT: Praeger.
130. Mohr, Ian. 2005. "Band of Brothers: Part 2," Daily Variety, March 30, 1.
131. Montreal Gazette. 1999. "Movie Didn’t Get It Right, School Says." November 1.
132. Moore, Ben. 1991. "Media Education." In The Media Studies Book: A Guide for Teachers. Edited by David Lusted, 171-190. London and New York: Routledge.
133. Moore, W. John. 1995. "Targeting Harlem, not Hollywood." National Journal, February 11, 388.
134. Morris, C. Patrick. 1994. "Indian Self-Determination and the Tribal College Movement: A Good Idea That Not Even Government Can Kill." In American Indian Policy: Self-Governance and Economic Development. Edited by Lyman H. Legters, and Fremont J. Lyden, 71-90. Prepared under the auspices of the Policy Studies Organization. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
135. Morrison, Toni. 1992. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Repr., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.
136. Morrison, Toni. ed. 1992. Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power: Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality. New York: Pantheon Books.
137. Mullins, Kerry, and Aaron Wildavsky. 1992. "The Procedural Presidency of George Bush." Political Science Quarterly 107: 31-62.
138. Murphy, John M. 2002. "Cunning, Rhetoric, and the Presidency of William Jefferson Clinton." In The Presidency and Rhetorical Leadership. Edited by Leroy G. Dorsey, 231-251. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
139. Neely, Anthony. 1984. "Government Role in Rooting Out, Remedying Discrimination Is Shifting." National Journal, September 22, 1772-1775.
140. Noddings, Nel. 2005. The Challenge to Care in Schools: An Alternative Approach to Education. 2nd ed. New York: Teachers College Press.
141. Noriega, Chon A. 1988-1990. "Chicano Cinema and the Horizon of Expectations: A Discursive Analysis of Film Reviews in the Mainstream, Alternative, and Hispanic Press, 1987-1988." Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 19 (2): 1-32.
142. O’Brien, Tom. 1989. "School of Hard Knocks: Avildsen’s Lean on Me." Review. Commonweal, April 21, 245.
143. O’Reilly, Kenneth. 1995. Nixon’s Piano: Presidents and Racial Politics from Washington to Clinton. New York: Free Press.
144. Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. 1986. Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. Repr., New York and London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1994.
145. Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. 1993. "The Los Angeles ‘Race Riot’ and Contemporary U.S. Politics." In Reading Rodney King/Reading Urban Uprising. Edited by Robert Gooding Williams, 97-114. New York and London: Routledge.
146. Orman, John. 1987. Comparing Presidential Behavior: Carter, Reagan, and the Macho Presidential Style. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
147. Parry, Robert. 2000. "CIA Admits Tolerating Contra-Cocaine Trafficking in 1980s." Consortiumnews.com, June 8. http://www.consortiumnews.com/2000/060800a.html
148. Perkins, Joseph. 1988. "Boom Time for Black America." Policy Review, 45: 26-28.
149. Pettit, Arthur G. 1980. Images of the Mexican American in Fiction and Film. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
150. Pitts, Greenfield. 1990. "Mr. Keating from Dead Poets Society: From Reel to Real." Education Digest, December, 3-6.
151. Procter, David E., and Kurt Ritter. 1996. "Inaugurating the Clinton Presidency: Regenerative Rhetoric and the American Community." In The Clinton Presidency: Images, Issues, and Communication Strategies. Edited by Robert E. Denton, Jr., and Rachel L. Holloway, 1-16. Westport, CT: Praeger.
152. Quirk, Paul J., and Joseph Hinchliffe. 1996. "Domestic Policy: The Trials of a Centrist Democrat." In The Clinton Presidency: First Appraisals. Edited by Colin Campbell, and Bert A. Rockman, 262-289. Chatham House, NJ: Chatham House.
153. Quirk, Paul J., and William Cunion. 2000. "Clinton’s Domestic Policy: The Lessons of a ‘New Democrat.’ " In The Clinton Legacy. Edited by Colin Campbell, and Bert A. Rockman, 200-225. New York: Chatham House.
154. Reeves, Jimmie L., and Richard Campbell. 1994. Cracked Coverage: Television News, the Anti-Cocaine Crusade, and the Reagan Legacy. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
155. Reich, Robert B. 1999. "We Are All Third Wayers Now." American Prospect, March/April, 46-51.
156. Rhines, Jesse Algeron. 1996. Black Film/White Money. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
157. Riche, Martha Farnsworth. 1994. "The Bean Count Is In! A Promise Fulfilled: Clinton’s Appointees Really Are as Diverse as America." Washington Post, final edition, sec. C, January 23.
158. Riley, Richard W. 2002. "Education Reform through Standards and Partnerships, 1993-2000." Phi Delta Kappan 83: 700-707.
159. Roberts, Steven V., Jeannye Thornton, Ted Gest, Matthew Cooper, Robin M. Bennefield, Katia Hetter, Jennifer Seter, Scott Minerbrook, and Mike Tharp. 1995. "Affirmative Action on the Edge." U.S. News and World Report, February 13, 32-38.
160. Rockman, Bert A. 2000. "Cutting with the Grain: Is There a Clinton Leadership Legacy?" In The Clinton Legacy. Edited by Colin Campbell, and Bert A. Rockman, 274-294. New York: Chatham House.
161. Rogin, Michael Paul. 1987. "Ronald Reagan," the Movie: And Other Episodes in Political Demonology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
162. Rowan, Cart T. 1991. Breaking Barriers: A Memoir. Boston, Toronto: Little, Brown.
163. Roy, Yancey. 1997. "Nation’s Top Educator Praises New York." Gannett News Service, April 30.
164. Ruffin, David C. 1987. "Picking Federal Judges: Color-blind or Blind to Blacks." Black Enterprise, April 25.
165. Saillant, Catherine. 1995. "School of Soft Knocks; Rio Real Principal, Teachers Reach Out to Parents in Casual Visits to Their Homes." Los Angeles Times, sec. B, October 11.
166. Sanello, Frank. 1984. "Teachers Box-Office Champ Three Weekends in a Row." United Press International.
167. Scalzi, John. 1995. "My Posse Don’t Do Homework Educator Sees Her Life on Big Screen." Fresno Bee, sec. E, August 17.
168. Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. 1991. The Disuniting of America. Knoxville, TN: Whittle Direct Books.
169. Schneider, William. 1992. "A Loud Vote for Change." National Journal, November 7, 2542-2544.
170. Scott, Matthew. 1988. "The Hot Debate: Should Joe Clark Carry a Big Stick?" Black Enterprise, May, 38.
171. Seidenberg, Robert. 1989. "Dead Poets Society: Reciting Tom Schulman." American Film, July-August, 57.
172. Shapiro, Walter, and Diane Camper. 1983. "Reagan’s Civil-Rights Woes." Newsweek, June 6, 38.
173. Shull, Steven A. 1989. The President and Civil Rights Policy: Leadership and Change. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
174. Shull, Steven A. 1993. A Kinder, Gentler Racism? The Reagan-Bush Civil Rights Legacy. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
175. Shull, Steven A. 1999. American Civil Rights Policy from Truman to Clinton: The Role of Presidential Leadership. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
176. Siegel, Frederick F. 1997. The Future Once Happened Here: New York, D.C., L.A., and the Fate of America’s Big Cities. New York: Free Press.
177. Silverman, Debora. 1986. Selling Culture: Bloomingdale’s, Diana Vreeland, and the New Aristocracy of Taste in Reagan’s America. New York: Pantheon Books.
178. Simmons, Althea T. L. 1984. "Civil Rights and Reagonomics." Crisis, April, 8-10.
179. Siskel, Gene. 1989. "Dead Poets Society Is Refresher Course in Drama." Review. Chicago Tribune, sec. A, June 9.
180. Smith, Marshall S., Jessica Levin, and Joanne E. Cianci. 1997. "Beyond a Legislative Agenda: Education Policy Approaches of the Clinton Administration." Educational Policy 11: 209-226.
181. Snead, James. 1994. White Screens, Black Images: Hollywood from the Dark Side. London and New York: Routledge.
182. Solowey, Barry. 2000. "Mr. Solowey Speaks Out." American Recorder 41 (1): 11.
183. Stallings, D. T. 2002. "A Brief History of the U.S. Department of Education, 1979-2002." Phi Delta Kappan 83: 677-683.
184. Stein, Ruthe. 1999. "Taking a Stab at Drama; Scream Creator Craven Directs Streep in Truth-based Story of Courageous Teacher," San Francisco Chronicle, October 24.
185. Stemer, Rosalie. 1995. "Former Principal Depicted in Lean on Me Takes on a Tougher Role." New York Times, sec. B, August 14.
186. Sterritt, David. 1995. "Hollywood Founders Where Issues of Race Are Concerned." Christian Science Monitor, November 16, 11.
187. Stewart, James B. 1990. "Back to Basics: The Significance of Du Bois’s and Frazier’s Contributions for Contemporary Research on Black Families." In Black Families: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Edited by Harold E. Cheatham, and James B. Stewart, 5-27. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
188. Sussman, Michael H. 1984. "Reagan’s Record of Civil Rights Retrenchment." Crisis, April, 28-31, 34-37.
189. Taubin, Amy. 1995. "Girls in the Hood." Review of Dangerous Minds. Village Voice, August 22, 52.
190. Taylor, Clyde. 1991. "The Re-Birth of the Aesthetic in Cinema." Wide Angle 13 (3-4): 12-30.
191. Thompson, Kristin. 1988. Breaking the Glass Armor: Neoformalist Film Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
192. Thompson, Robert J., and Carmine Scavo. 1992. "The Home Front: Domestic Policy in the Bush Years." In Leadership and the Bush Presidency: Prudence or Drift in an Era of Change? Edited by Ryan J. Barilleaux, and Mary E. Stuckey, 149-164. Westport, CT: Praeger.
193. Trend, David. 1994. "Nationalities, Pedagogies, and Media." In Between Borders: Pedagogy and the Politics of Cultural Studies. Edited by Henry A. Giroux, and Peter McLaren, 225-241. London and New York: Routledge.
194. Trier, James. 2002. "Exploring the Concept of ‘Habitus’ with Preservice Teachers through the Use of Popular School Films." Interchange 33 (3): 237-260.
195. Trier, James. 2003. "School Film ‘Videocompilations’ as Pedagogical Texts in Preservice Education." Journal of Curriculum Theorizing 19 (1): 125-147.
196. Tunney, Tom. 1994. Film Review of Renaissance Man. Sight and Sound, August, 50-51.
197. United Press International (UPI). 1989. "Clark on Inner City Schools: Doomed and Rotten to the Core." April 21.
198. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1995. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1995. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
199. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 2000. Population Profile of the United States: 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
200. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. 1996. Digest of Education Statistics 1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
201. U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Policy Planning and Research. 1965. The Negro Family: The Case for National Action. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
202. van Dijk, Teun A. 1998. Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London: Sage.
203. Walters, Ronald W. 2003. White Nationalism, Black Interests: Conservative Public Policy and the Black Community. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
204. Walton, Hanes, Jr. 1997. African American Power and Politics: The Political Context Variable. New York: Columbia University Press.
205. Walton, Hanes, Jr. and Robert C. Smith. 2000. American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. New York: Longman.
206. Watson, Peter. 2001. The Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century. New York: HarperCollins.
207. Williams, Linda F. 1998. "Race and the Politics of Social Policy." In The Social Divide: Political Parties and the Future of Activist Government. Edited by Margaret Weir, 417-463. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press/New York: Sage.
208. Williams, Raymond. 1979. "Television and Teaching. An Interview with Raymond Williams." Screen Education 31 (Summer): 5-14.
209. Wilmington, Michael. 1989. Film Review of Dead Poets Society. Los Angeles Times, sec. 6, June 2.
210. Wloszczyna, Susan. 1999. "Streep’s Music of the Heart Plucks All the Right Strings," USA Today, final edition, sec. E, October 29.
211. Wood, Robin. 1986. Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan. New York: Columbia University Press.
212. Wright, Elizabeth. 2002. "Defaming Garvey Again." Issues & Views, July 10. http://www.issues-views.com/index.php/article/2000.
213. Wright, Lawrence. 1994. "One Drop of Blood." New Yorker, June 25, 46-55.
214. Yeager, Holly. 1996. "President to Take on Prop. 209." Houston Chronicle, Three Star edition, sec. A, December 21.
215. Young, Lola. 1996. Fear of the Dark: "Race," Gender, and Sexuality in the Cinema. London and New York: Routledge.
216. Animal House. 1978. Dir. John Landis. Universal Pictures.
217. Bad Boys. 1995. Dir. Michael Bay. Columbia Pictures.
218. Beauty and the Beast. 1991. Dir. Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise. Walt Disney Pictures.
219. Beverly Hills Cop II. 1987. Dir. Tony Scott. Paramount Pictures.
220. The Birth of a Nation. 1915. Dir. David W. Griffith. David W. Griffith Corp.
221. Blackboard Jungle. 1955. Dir. Richard Brooks. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
222. Boyz N the Hood. 1991. Dir. John Singleton. Columbia Pictures.
223. Class of 1984. 1982. Dir. Mark L. Lester. United Film Distribution Company.
224. Conrack. 1974. Dir. Martin Ritt. Twentieth Century Fox.
225. Crimson Tide. 1995. Dir. Tony Scott. Buena Vista Pictures.
226. Crying Game. 1992. Dir. Neil Jordan. Miramax Pictures with Channel Four Films (UK).
227. Dangerous Minds. 1995. Dir. John N. Smith. Hollywood Pictures.
228. Dead Poets Society. 1989. Dir. Peter Weir. Touchstone Pictures.
229. The English Patient. 1996. Dir. Anthony Minghella. Miramax Films.
230. Fast Times at Ridgemont High. 1982. Dir. Amy Heckerling. Universal Pictures.
231. First Blood. 1982. Dir. Ted Kotcheff. Orion Pictures.
232. Forrest Gump. 1994. Dir. Robert Zemeckis. Paramount Pictures.
233. The George McKenna Story (television). 1986. Dir. Eric Laneuville. Landsburg Company.
234. Ghost. 1990. Dir. Jerry Zucker. Paramount Pictures.
235. Glory. 1989. Dir. Edward Zwick. TriStar Pictures.
236. Good Morning, Vietnam. 1987. Dir. Barry Levinson. Touchstone Pictures.
237. Good Will Hunting. 1997. Dir. Gus Van Sant. Miramax Films.
238. Goodbye, Mr. Chips. 1939. Dir. Sam Wood. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
239. The Graduate. 1967. Dir. Mike Nichols. Embassy Pictures Corporation.
240. Grease. 1978. Dir. Randal Kleiser. Paramount Pictures.
241. Iron Eagle. 1986. Dir. Sidney J. Furie. TriStar Pictures.
242. Iron Eagle II. 1988. Dir. Sidney J. Furie. TriStar Pictures.
243. The Journey of August King. 1995. Dir. John Duigan. Miramax Films.
244. The Karate Kid. 1984. Dir. John Avildsen. Columbia Pictures.
245. The Last House on the Left. 1972. Dir. Wes Craven. Hallmark Releasing.
246. Lean on Me. 1989. Dir. John G. Avildsen. Warner Bros.
247. Mr. Holland’s Opus. 1995. Dir. Stephen Herek. Hollywood Pictures.
248. Music of the Heart. 1999. Dir. Wes Craven. Miramax Films.
249. Navy Seals. 1990. Dir. Lewis Teague. Orion Pictures.
250. A Nightmare on Elm Street. 1984. Dir. Wes Craven. New Line Cinema.
251. The Paper Chase. 1973. Dir. James Bridges. Twentieth Century Fox.
252. Pretty Woman. 1990. Dir. Garry Marshall. Touchstone Pictures.
253. The Principal. 1987. Dir. Christopher Cain. TriStar Pictures.
254. The Program. 1993. Dir. David S. Ward. Touchstone Pictures.
255. Pulp Fiction. 1994. Dir. Quentin Tarantino. Miramax Films.
256. Rambo: First Blood Part II. 1985. Dir. George P. Cosmatos. TriStar Pictures.
257. Renaissance Man. 1994. Dir. Penny Marshall. Touchstone Pictures.
258. Rising Sun. 1993. Dir. Philip Kaufman. Twentieth Century Fox.
259. Rocky. 1976. Dir. John Avildsen. United Artists.
260. The Scarlet Letter. 1995. Dir. Roland Joffé. Hollywood Pictures.
261. Scream. 1996. Dir. Wes Craven. Dimension Films.
262. Scream 2. 1997. Dir. Wes Craven. Dimension Films.
263. Shakespeare in Love. 1998. Dir. John Madden. Miramax Films.
264. Small Wonders. 1995. Dir. Allan Miller and Lana Miller. Four Oaks Foundation. Released 1996. Miramax Films.
265. Sorority House Massacre. 1987. Dir. Carol Frank. Concorde Pictures.
266. Stand and Deliver. 1988. Dir. Ramón Menéndez. Warner Bros.
267. Teachers. 1984. Dir. Arthur Hiller. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
268. Terminator 2: Judgment Day. 1991. Dir. James Cameron. TriStar.
269. To Sir, with Love. 1967. Dir. James Clavell. Columbia Pictures.
270. Original release in UK, 1966, Columbia Pictures Corporation Ltd.
271. Top Gun. 1986. Dir. Tony Scott. Paramount Pictures.
272. Up the Down Staircase. 1967. Dir. Robert Mulligan. Warner Bros.
273. The Wizard of Oz. 1939. Dir. Victor Fleming and King Vidor. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.