The impact of ED crowding on early interventions and mortality in patients with severe sepsis

American Journal of Emergency Medicine

Volumn 35, Issue 7, 2017, Pages 953-960

  Gaieski, David F ^a   Agarwal, Anish K ^b   Mikkelsen, Mark E ^b   Drumheller, Byron ^b   Cham Sante, S ^c   Shofer, Frances S ^b   Goyal, Munish ^d   Pines, Jesse M ^e  

^a THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c Geisinger Health Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine   (United States)

^d GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

Administration; Crowding; Resuscitation; Severe sepsis

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; INFUSION FLUID; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; CROWDING (AREA); DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG UTILIZATION; EARLY INTERVENTION; EMERGENCY WARD; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESUSCITATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEPTIC SHOCK; CRITICAL ILLNESS; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FLUID THERAPY; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HOSPITAL EMERGENCY SERVICE; MORTALITY; PROCEDURES; PROTOCOL COMPLIANCE; SEPSIS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TIME TO TREATMENT; UNITED STATES;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CRITICAL ILLNESS; CROWDING; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; FEMALE; FLUID THERAPY; GUIDELINE ADHERENCE; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RESUSCITATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEPSIS; TIME-TO-TREATMENT; TRIAGE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85013433901     PISSN: 07356757     EISSN: 15328171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.01.061     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. O'Gara, P.T., Kushner, F.G., Ascheim, D.D., Casey, D.E., Chung, M.K., de Lemos, J.A., et al. AHA Guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation, 2012, 1525–4539.
2. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group, Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 333 (1995), 1581–1588.
3. Ferrer, R., Martin-Loeches, I., Phillips, G., Osborn, T.M., Townsend, S., Dellinger, R.P., et al. Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: results from a guideline-based performance improvement program. Crit Care Med 42:8 (2014), 1749–1755.
4. MacKenzie, E.J., Rivara, F.P., Jurkovich, G.J., Nathens, A.B., Frey, K.P., Egleston, B.L., et al. A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality. N Engl J Med 354 (2006), 366–378.
5. Kellermann, A.L., Crisis in the emergency department. N Engl J Med 355:13 (2006), 1300–1303.
6. Handel, D.A., Sklar, D.P., Hollander, J.E., Asplin, B.R., Hedges, J.R., Executive summary: the Institute of Medicine report and the future of academic emergency medicine: the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine and Association of Academic Chairs in Emergency Medicine Panel: Association of American Medical Colleges annual meeting, October 28, 2006. Acad Emerg Med 14:3 (2007), 261–267.
7. Burt, C.W., McCaig, L.F., Staffing, capacity, and ambulance diversion in emergency departments: United States, 2003–04. Adv Data 376 (2006), 1–23.
8. Wilper, A.P., Woolhandler, S., Lasser, K.E., McCormick, D., Cutrona, S.L., Bor, D.H., et al. Waits to see an emergency department physician: U.S. trends and predictors, 1997–2004. Health Aff (Millwood) 27:2 (2008), w84–w95.
9. Shen, Y.C., Hsia, R.Y., Association between ambulance diversion and survival among patients with acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 305:23 (2011), 2440–2447.
10. Sun, B.C., Hsia, R.Y., Weiss, R.E., Zingmond, D., Laing, L.J., Han, W., et al. Effect of emergency department crowding on outcomes of admitted patients. Ann Emerg Med 61:6 (2013), 605–611.
11. Pines, J.M., Hollander, J.E., Localio, A.R., Metlay, J.P., The association between emergency department crowding and hospital performance on antibiotic timing for pneumonia and percutaneous intervention for myocardial infarction. Acad Emerg Med 13:8 (2006), 873–878.
12. Chen, E.H., Mills, A.M., Lee, B.Y., Robey, J.L., Zogby, K.E., Shofer, F.S., et al. The impact of a concurrent trauma alert evaluation on time to head computed tomography in patients with suspected stroke. Acad Emerg Med 13:3 (2006), 349–352.
13. Fee, C., Weber, E.J., Maak, C.A., Bacchetti, P., Effect of emergency department crowding on time to antibiotics in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Emerg Med 50:5 (2007), 501–509.
14. Pines, J.M., Localio, A.R., Hollander, J.E., Baxt, W.G., Lee, H., Phillips, C., et al. The impact of emergency department crowding measures on time to antibiotics for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Emerg Med 50:5 (2007), 510–516.
15. Dellinger, R.P., Levy, M.M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S.M., et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med 39:2 (2013), 165–228.
16. Mikkelsen, M.E., Miltiades, A.N., Gaieski, D.F., Goyal, M., Fuchs, B.D., Shah, C.V., et al. Serum lactate is associated with mortality in severe sepsis independent of organ failure and shock. Crit Care Med 37:5 (2009), 1670–1677.
17. Bone, R.C., Balk, R.A., Cerra, F.B., Dellinger, R.P., Fein, A.M., Knaus, W.A., et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101:6 (1992), 1644–1655.
18. Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 345:19 (2001), 1368–1377.
19. Otero, R.M., Nguyen, H.B., Huang, D.T., Gaieski, D.F., Goyal, M., Gunnerson, K.J., et al. Early goal-directed therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock revisited: concepts, controversies, and contemporary findings. Chest 130:5 (2006), 1579–1595.
20. The ProCESS Investigators, A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med 370:18 (2014), 1683–1693.
21. Gaieski, D.F., Mikkelsen, M.E., Band, R.A., Pines, J.M., Massone, R., Furia, F.F., et al. Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department. Crit Care Med 38:4 (2010), 1045–1053.
22. Gilbert, E.H., Lowenstein, S.R., Koziol-McLain, J., Barta, D.C., Steiner, J., Chart reviews in emergency medicine research: where are the methods?. Ann Emerg Med 27:3 (1996), 305–308.
23. Hwang, U., Graff, L., Radford, M.J., Krumholz, H.M., The association between emergency department crowding and time to antibiotic administration. Ann Emerg Med 44:4 (2004), S6–S7.
24. McCarthy, M.L., Aronsky, D., Jones, I.D., Miner, J.R., Band, R.A., Baren, J.M., et al. The emergency department occupancy rate: a simple measure of emergency department crowding?. Ann Emerg Med 51:1 (2008), 15–24.
25. Pines, J.M., Hollander, J.E., Emergency department crowding is associated with poor care for patients with severe pain. Ann Emerg Med 51:1 (2008), 1–5.
26. Derlet, R., Richards, J., Kravitz, R., Frequent overcrowding in U.S. emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med 8:2 (2001), 151–155.
27. Halverson, S., Malani, P., Newton, D., Habicht, A., Vander Have, K., Younger, J., Impact of hourly emergency department patient volume on blood culture contamination and diagnostic yield. J Clin Microbiol 51:6 (2013), 1721–1726.
28. Cheung, D.S., Kelly, J.J., Beach, C., Berkeley, R.P., Bitterman, R.A., Broida, R.I., et al. Improving handoffs in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 55:2 (2010), 171–180.
29. Zhou, J.-C., Pan, K.-H., Zhou, D.-Y., Zheng, S.W., Zhu, J.Q., Xu, Q.P., et al. High hospital occupancy is associated with increased risk for patients boarding in the emergency department. Am J Med 125:4 (2012), 416.e1–416.e7.
30. Hong, K.J., Shin, S.D., Song, K.J., Cha, W.C., Cho, J.S., Association between ED crowding and delay in resuscitation effort. Am J Emerg Med 31:3 (2013), 509–515.
31. Shin, T.G., Joon Jo, I., Choi, D.J., Kang, M.J., Jeon, K., Suh, G.Y., et al. The adverse effect of emergency department crowding on compliance with the resuscitation bundle in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care, 17(5), 2013, R224.
32. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, US Department of Health and Human Services, Proposal for Sepsis Voluntary Reporting Measures, SEP 1. (http://www.nhfca.org/psf/resources/Updates1/SEP-1.Measure.Information.Form.(MIF).pdf Accessed May 31, 2017.