Reversion of disease manifestations after HCV eradication

Journal of Hepatology

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 2016, Pages S95-S108

  van der Meer, Adriaan J ^a   Berenguer, Marina ^b  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Antiviral therapy; Chronic hepatitis C; Clinical outcome; Hepatic fibrosis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Survival; Sustained virological response

Indexed keywords

ANTIVIRUS AGENT;

ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; CLINICAL OUTCOME; COMPENSATED LIVER DISEASE; DECOMPENSATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS; DISEASE ERADICATION; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MORBIDITY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVERTANT; REVIEW; VIRAL CLEARANCE; CHRONIC HEPATITIS C; COMPLICATION; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE; VIROLOGY;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FUNCTION TESTS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE;

EID: 85013413481     PISSN: 01688278     EISSN: 16000641     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.039     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. [1] World Health Organization Fact sheet N°164, accessed June 2013 at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/.
2. [2] Foster, G.R., Afdhal, N., Roberts, S.K., Brau, N., Gane, E.J., Pianko, S., et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 2 and 3 infection. N Engl J Med 373 (2015), 2608–2617.
3. [3] Vermehren, J., Susser, S., Dietz, J., von Hahn, T., Petersen, J., Hinrichsen, H., et al. Retreatment of patients who failed DAA-combination therapies: real-world experience from a large hepatitis C resistance database. J Hepatol, 64, 2016, S188.
4. [4] Poordad, F., Gordon, S.C., Asatryan, A., Felizarta, F., Reindollar, R.W., Landis, C., et al. High efficacy of ABT-493 and ABT-530 in HCV genotype 1 infected patients who have failed direct-acting antiviral-containing regimens: the Megallan-I study. J Hepatol 64 (2016), S160–S161.
5. [5] Lawitz, E., Kowdley, K., Curry, M., Reau, N., Nguyen, M., Kwo, P., et al. High efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir plus GS-9857 for 12 weeks in treatment-experienced genotype 1–6 HCV-infected patients, including those previously treated with direct antivirals. J Hepatol 64 (2016), S139–S140.
6. [6] Sarkar, S., Jiang, Z., Evon, D.M., Wahed, A.S., Hoofnagle, J.H., Fatigue before, during and after antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C: results from the Virahep-C study. J Hepatol 57 (2012), 946–952.
7. [7] Teuber, G., Schafer, A., Rimpel, J., Paul, K., Keicher, C., Scheurlen, M., et al. Deterioration of health-related quality of life and fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Association with demographic factors, inflammatory activity, and degree of fibrosis. J Hepatol 49 (2008), 923–929.
8. [8] Cacoub, P., Poynard, T., Ghillani, P., Charlotte, F., Olivi, M., Piette, J.C., et al. Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C. MULTIVIRC Group. Multidepartment Virus C. Arthritis Rheum 42 (1999), 2204–2212.
9. [9] Dieperink, E., Willenbring, M., Ho, S.B., Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with hepatitis C and interferon alpha: A review. Am J Psychiatry 157 (2000), 867–876.
10. [10] Lee, M.H., Yang, H.I., Lu, S.N., Jen, C.L., You, S.L., Wang, L.Y., et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection increases mortality from hepatic and extrahepatic diseases: a community-based long-term prospective study. J Infect Dis 206 (2012), 469–477.
11. [11] Spiegel, B.M., Younossi, Z.M., Hays, R.D., Revicki, D., Robbins, S., Kanwal, F., Impact of hepatitis C on health related quality of life: a systematic review and quantitative assessment. Hepatology 41 (2005), 790–800.
12. [12] Younossi, Z.M., Birerdinc, A., Henry, L., Hepatitis C infection: a multi-faceted systemic disease with clinical, patient reported and economic consequences. J Hepatol 65 (2016), S110–S120.
13. [13] Romero-Gomez, M., Fernandez-Rodriguez, C.M., Andrade, R.J., Diago, M., Alonso, S., Planas, R., et al. Effect of sustained virological response to treatment on the incidence of abnormal glucose values in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 48 (2008), 721–727.
14. [14] Arase, Y., Suzuki, F., Suzuki, Y., Akuta, N., Kobayashi, M., Kawamura, Y., et al. Sustained virological response reduces incidence of onset of type 2 diabetes in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 49 (2009), 739–744.
15. [15] Gragnani, L., Fognani, E., Piluso, A., Boldrini, B., Urraro, T., Fabbrizzi, A., et al. Long-term effect of HCV eradication in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia: A prospective, controlled, open-label, cohort study. Hepatology 61 (2015), 1145–1153.
16. [16] Kawamura, Y., Ikeda, K., Arase, Y., Yatsuji, H., Sezaki, H., Hosaka, T., et al. Viral elimination reduces incidence of malignant lymphoma in patients with hepatitis C. Am J Med 120 (2007), 1034–1041.
17. [17] Hsu, Y.C., Ho, H.J., Huang, Y.T., Wang, H.H., Wu, M.S., Lin, J.T., et al. Association between antiviral treatment and extrahepatic outcomes in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Gut 64 (2015), 495–503.
18. [18] Innes, H.A., McDonald, S.A., Dillon, J.F., Allen, S., Hayes, P.C., Goldberg, D., et al. Towards a more complete understanding of the association between a hepatitis C sustained viral response and cause-specific outcomes. Hepatology 62 (2015), 355–364.
19. [19] Fletcher, N.F., McKeating, J.A., Hepatitis C virus and the brain. J Viral Hepat 19 (2012), 301–306.
20. [20] Tada, T., Kumada, T., Toyoda, H., Kiriyama, S., Tanikawa, M., Hisanaga, Y., et al. Viral eradication reduces all-cause mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a propensity score analysis. Liver Int 36 (2016), 817–826.
21. [21] Berenguer, J., Rodriguez, E., Miralles, P., Von Wichmann, M.A., Lopez-Aldeguer, J., Mallolas, J., et al. Sustained virological response to interferon plus ribavirin reduces non-liver-related mortality in patients coinfected with HIV and Hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis 55 (2012), 728–736.
22. [22] Friedman, S.L., Molecular regulation of hepatic fibrosis, an integrated cellular response to tissue injury. J Biol Chem 275 (2000), 2247–2250.
23. [23] Ishak, K., Baptista, A., Bianchi, L., Callea, F., De Groote, J., Gudat, F., et al. Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 22 (1995), 696–699.
24. [24] Bedossa, P., Poynard, T., An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C. The METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. Hepatology 24 (1996), 289–293.
25. [25] Sherman, I.A., Pappas, S.C., Fisher, M.M., Hepatic microvascular changes associated with development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Am J Physiol 258 (1990), H460–H465.
26. [26] Desmet, V.J., Roskams, T., Cirrhosis reversal: a duel between dogma and myth. J Hepatol 40 (2004), 860–867.
27. [27] Corpechot, C., Barbu, V., Wendum, D., Kinnman, N., Rey, C., Poupon, R., et al. Hypoxia-induced VEGF and collagen I expressions are associated with angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in experimental cirrhosis. Hepatology 35 (2002), 1010–1021.
28. [28] Fattovich, G., Pantalena, M., Zagni, I., Realdi, G., Schalm, S.W., Christensen, E., Effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections on the natural history of compensated cirrhosis: a cohort study of 297 patients. Am J Gastroenterol 97 (2002), 2886–2895.
29. [29] Fattovich, G., Giustina, G., Degos, F., Tremolada, F., Diodati, G., Almasio, P., et al. Morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type C: a retrospective follow-up study of 384 patients. Gastroenterology 112 (1997), 463–472.
30. [30] Singal, A.G., Volk, M.L., Jensen, D., Di Bisceglie, A.M., Schoenfeld, P.S., A sustained viral response is associated with reduced liver-related morbidity and mortality in patients with hepatitis C virus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 8 (2010), 280–288.
31. [31] Thein, H.H., Yi, Q., Dore, G.J., Krahn, M.D., Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Hepatology 48 (2008), 418–431.
32. [32] Butt, A.A., Yan, P., Lo Re, V. 3rd, Rimland, D., Goetz, M.B., Leaf, D., et al. Liver fibrosis progression in hepatitis C virus infection after seroconversion. JAMA Intern Med 175 (2015), 178–185.
33. [33] Wiese, M., Fischer, J., Lobermann, M., Gobel, U., Grungreiff, K., Guthoff, W., et al. Evaluation of liver disease progression in the German hepatitis C virus (1b)-contaminated anti-D cohort at 35 years after infection. Hepatology 59 (2014), 49–57.
34. [34] Garvey, P., Thornton, L., Murphy, N., Flanagan, P., Norris, S., Group aHCds. Insight into hepatitis C virus infection; a cohort study of women infected with contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin in Ireland between 1977 and 1979. J Hepatol, 64, 2016, S623.
35. [35] Davis, G.L., Alter, M.J., El-Serag, H., Poynard, T., Jennings, L.W., Aging of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons in the United States: a multiple cohort model of HCV prevalence and disease progression. Gastroenterology 138 (2010), 513–521.
36. [36] Buti, M., San Miguel, R., Brosa, M., Cabases, J.M., Medina, M., Angel Casado, M., et al. Estimating the impact of hepatitis C virus therapy on future liver-related morbidity, mortality and costs related to chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 42 (2005), 639–645.
37. [37] Ellis, E.L., Mann, D.A., Clinical evidence for the regression of liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 56 (2012), 1171–1180.
38. [38] Poynard, T., McHutchison, J., Manns, M., Trepo, C., Lindsay, K., Goodman, Z., et al. Impact of pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin on liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 122 (2002), 1303–1313.
39. [39] George, S.L., Bacon, B.R., Brunt, E.M., Mihindukulasuriya, K.L., Hoffmann, J., Di Bisceglie, A.M., Clinical, virologic, histologic, and biochemical outcomes after successful HCV therapy: a 5-year follow-up of 150 patients. Hepatology 49 (2009), 729–738.
40. [40] D'Ambrosio, R., Aghemo, A., Rumi, M.G., Ronchi, G., Donato, M.F., Paradis, V., et al. A morphometric and immunohistochemical study to assess the benefit of a sustained virological response in hepatitis C virus patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 56 (2012), 532–543.
41. [41] Shiratori, Y., Imazeki, F., Moriyama, M., Yano, M., Arakawa, Y., Yokosuka, O., et al. Histologic improvement of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C who have sustained response to interferon therapy. Ann Intern Med 132 (2000), 517–524.
42. [42] van der Meer, A.J., Maan, R., Veldt, B.J., Feld, J.J., Wedemeyer, H., Dufour, J.F., et al. Improvement of platelets after SVR among patients with chronic HCV infection and advanced hepatic fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31 (2016), 1168–1176.
43. [43] D'Ambrosio, R., Aghemo, A., Grazia Rumi, M., Ronchi, G., Donato, M.F., Paradis, V., et al. A morphometric and immunohistochemical study to assess the benefit of a sustained virological response in hepatitis C virus patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 56 (2012), 532–543.
44. [44] Desmet, V.J., Roskams, T., Reversal of cirrhosis: evidence-based medicine?. Gastroenterology 125 (2003), 629–630.
45. [45] Mallet, V., Gilgenkrantz, H., Serpaggi, J., Verkarre, V., Vallet-Pichard, A., Fontaine, H., et al. Brief communication: the relationship of regression of cirrhosis to outcome in chronic hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med 149 (2008), 399–403.
46. [46] Casado, J.L., Esteban, M.A., Banon, S., Moreno, A., Perez-Elias, M.J., Mateos, M.L., et al. Fibrosis regression explains differences in outcome in HIV-/HCV-coinfected patients with cirrhosis after sustained virological response. Dig Dis Sci 60 (2015), 3473–3481.
47. [47] Roberts, S., Gordon, A., McLean, C., Pedersen, J., Bowden, S., Thomson, K., et al. Effect of sustained viral response on hepatic venous pressure gradient in hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 (2007), 932–937.
48. [48] Rincon, D., Ripoll, C., Lo Iacono, O., Salcedo, M., Catalina, M.V., Alvarez, E., et al. Antiviral therapy decreases hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis. Am J Gastroenterol 101 (2006), 2269–2274.
49. [49] Gluud, C., Brok, J., Gong, Y., Koretz, R.L., Hepatology may have problems with putative surrogate outcome measures. J Hepatol 46 (2007), 734–742.
50. [50] Afdhal, N., Asselah, T., Everson, G.T., Bosch, J., De-Oertel, S., Brainard, D.M., et al. HCV eradication results in reduction of hepatic venous pressure gradient 48 weeks after end of treatment; final results of the study of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. J Hepatol 64 (2016), S221–S222.
51. [51] Mandorfer, M., Kozbial, K., Schwabl, P., Freissmuth, C., Schwarzer, R., Stern, R., et al. Sustained virologic response to interferon-free therapies ameliorates HCV-induced portal hypertension. J Hepatol 65 (2016), 692–699.
52. [52] Veldt, B.J., Heathcote, E.J., Wedemeyer, H., Reichen, J., Hofmann, W.P., Zeuzem, S., et al. Sustained virologic response and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis. Ann Intern Med 147 (2007), 677–684.
53. [53] Van der Meer, A.J., Veldt, B.J., Feld, J.J., Wedemeyer, H., Dufour, J.F., Lammert, F., et al. Association between sustained virological response and all-cause mortality among patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced hepatic fibrosis. JAMA 308 (2012), 2584–2593.
54. [54] Morgan, T.R., Ghany, M.G., Kim, H.Y., Snow, K.K., Shiffman, M.L., De Santo, J.L., et al. Outcome of sustained virological responders with histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 52 (2010), 833–844.
55. [55] Labarga, P., Fernandez-Montero, J.V., de Mendoza, C., Barreiro, P., Soriano, V., Long-term survival and liver-related events after pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Antivir Ther 20 (2015), 65–72.
56. [56] Cardoso, A.C., Moucari, R., Figueiredo-Mendes, C., Ripault, M.P., Giuily, N., Castelnau, C., et al. Impact of peginterferon and ribavirin therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence and survival in hepatitis C patients with advanced fibrosis. J Hepatol 52 (2010), 652–657.
57. [57] Bruno, S., Stroffolini, T., Colombo, M., Bollani, S., Benvegnu, L., Mazzella, G., et al. Sustained virological response to interferon-alpha is associated with improved outcome in HCV-related cirrhosis: a retrospective study. Hepatology 45 (2007), 579–587.
58. [58] Morgan, R.L., Baack, B., Smith, B.D., Yartel, A., Pitasi, M., Falck-Ytter, Y., Eradication of hepatitis C virus infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Intern Med 158 (2013), 329–337.
59. [59] Van der Meer, A.J., Feld, J.J., Hofer, H., Almasio, P.L., Calvaruso, V., Fernandez-Rodriguez, C.M., et al. The risk for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic HCV infection and advanced hepatic fibrosis following sustained virological response. Hepatology, 58, 2013, 280A.
60. [60] Backus, L.I., Boothroyd, D.B., Phillips, B.R., Belperio, P., Halloran, J., Mole, L.A., A sustained virologic response reduces risk of all-cause mortality in patients with hepatitis C. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9 (2011), 509–516.
61. [61] Van der Meer, A.J., Wedemeyer, H., Feld, J.J., Hansen, B.E., Manns, M.P., Zeuzem, S., et al. Is there sufficient evidence to recommend antiviral therapy in hepatitis C?. J Hepatol 60 (2014), 191–196.
62. [62] Koretz, R.L., Pleguezuelo, M., Arvaniti, V., Barrera Baena, P., Ciria, R., Gurusamy, K.S., et al. Interferon for interferon nonresponding and relapsing patients with chronic hepatitis C. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, 2013, CD003617.
63. [63] Aleman, S., Rahbin, N., Weiland, O., Davidsdottir, L., Hedenstierna, M., Rose, N., et al. A risk for hepatocellular carcinoma persists long-term after sustained virologic response in patients with hepatitis C-associated liver cirrhosis. Clin Infect Dis 57 (2013), 230–236.
64. [64] Simmons, B., Saleem, J., Heath, K., Cooke, G.S., Hill, A., Long-term treatment outcomes of patients infected with hepatitis C virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the survival benefit of achieving a sustained virological response. Clin Infect Dis 61 (2015), 730–740.
65. [65] Van der Meer, A.J., Veldt, B.J., Feld, J.J., Wedemeyer, H., Dufour, J.F., Lammert, F., et al. The number needed to treat to prevent mortality and cirrhosis-related complications among patients with cirrhosis and HCV genotype 1 infection. J Viral Hepat 21 (2014), 568–577.
66. [66] Bruno, S., Di Marco, V., Iavarone, M., Roffi, L., Crosignani, A., Calvaruso, V., et al. Survival of patients with HCV cirrhosis and sustained virologic response is similar to the general population. J Hepatol 64 (2016), 1217–1223.
67. [67] Van der Meer, A.J., Wedemeyer, H., Feld, J.J., Dufour, J.F., Zeuzem, S., Hansen, B.E., et al. Life expectancy in patients with chronic HCV infection and cirrhosis compared with a general population. JAMA 312 (2014), 1927–1928.
68. [68] Akamatsu, M., Yoshida, H., Shiina, S., Teratani, T., Obi, S., Tateishi, R., et al. Sustained viral response prolonged survival of patients with C-viral hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 26 (2006), 536–542.
69. [69] Shiratori, Y., Shiina, S., Teratani, T., Imamura, M., Obi, S., Sato, S., et al. Interferon therapy after tumor ablation improves prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 138 (2003), 299–306.
70. [70] Reig, M., Marino, Z., Perello, C., Inarrairaegui, M., Ribeiro, A., Lens, S., et al. Unexpected early tumor recurrence in patients with hepatitis C virus -related hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing interferon-free therapy: a note of caution. J Hepatol 65 (2016), 719–726.
71. [71] Pol, S., Lack of evidence of an effect of Direct Acting Antivirals on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: The ANRS collaborative study group on hepatocellular carcinoma (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, CO12 CIRVIR and CO23 CUPILT cohorts). J Hepatol 65 (2016), 734–740.
72. [72] Kanwal, F., Hoang, T., Kramer, J.R., Asch, S.M., Goetz, M.B., Zeringue, A., et al. Increasing prevalence of HCC and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology 140 (2011), 1182–1188.
73. [73] Forns, X., Garcia-Retortillo, M., Serrano, T., Feliu, A., Suarez, F., de la Mata, M., et al. Antiviral therapy of patients with decompensated cirrhosis to prevent recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 39 (2003), 389–396.
74. [74] Iacobellis, A., Siciliano, M., Perri, F., Annicchiarico, B.E., Leandro, G., Caruso, N., et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus and decompensated cirrhosis: a controlled study. J Hepatol 46 (2007), 206–212.
75. [75] Iacobellis, A., Perri, F., Valvano, M.R., Caruso, N., Niro, G.A., Andriulli, A., Long-term outcome after antiviral therapy of patients with hepatitis C virus infection and decompensated cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9 (2011), 249–253.
76. [76] Poordad, F., Schiff, E.R., Vierling, J.M., Landis, C., Fontana, R.J., Yang, R., et al. Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus infection with advanced cirrhosis or post-liver transplantation recurrence. Hepatology 63 (2016), 1493–1505.
77. [77] Manns, M., Samuel, D., Gane, E.J., Mutimer, D., McCaughan, G., Buti, M., et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 or 4 hepatitis C virus infection and advanced liver disease: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 16 (2016), 685–697.
78. [78] Charlton, M., Everson, G.T., Flamm, S.L., Kumar, P., Landis, C., Brown, R.S. Jr, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for treatment of HCV infection in patients with advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology 149 (2015), 649–659.
79. [79] Curry, M.P., O'Leary, J.G., Bzowej, N., Muir, A.J., Korenblat, K.M., Fenkel, J.M., et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 373 (2015), 2618–2628.
80. [80] Foster, G.R., Irving, W.L., Cheung, M.C., Walker, A.J., Hudson, B.E., Verma, S., et al. Impact of direct acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 64 (2016), 1224–1231.
81. [81] Aqel, B.A., Pungpapong, S., Leise, M., Werner, K.T., Chervenak, A.E., Watt, K.D., et al. Multicenter experience using simeprevir and sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin to treat hepatitis C genotype 1 in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 62 (2015), 1004–1012.
82. [82] Peng, C.Y., Chien, R.N., Liaw, Y.F., Hepatitis B virus-related decompensated liver cirrhosis: benefits of antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 57 (2012), 442–450.
83. [83] Fontana, R.J., Keeffe, E.B., Carey, W., Fried, M., Reddy, R., Kowdley, K.V., et al. Effect of lamivudine treatment on survival of 309 North American patients awaiting liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B. Liver Transpl 8 (2002), 433–439.
84. [84] Fontana, R.J., Hann, H.W., Perrillo, R.P., Vierling, J.M., Wright, T., Rakela, J., et al. Determinants of early mortality in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B treated with antiviral therapy. Gastroenterology 123 (2002), 719–727.
85. [85] Ruiz, I., Feray, C., Pawlotsky, J.M., Hezode, C., Patient with decompensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis delisted for liver transplantation after successful sofosbuvir-based treatment. Liver Transpl 21 (2015), 408–409.
86. [86] Belli, L.S., Berenguer, M., Cortesi, P.A., Strazzabosco, M., Rockenschaub, S.R., Martini, S., et al. Delisting of liver transplant candidates with chronic hepatitis C after viral eradication: A European study. J Hepatol 65 (2016), 524–531.
87. [87] Coilly, A., Pageaux, G.P., Houssel-Debry, P., Duvoux, C., Radenne, S., De Ledinghen, V., et al. Improving liver function and delisting of patients awaiting liver transplantation for HCV cirrhosis: Do we ask too much to DAA?. Hepatology, 62, 2015, 257A.
88. [88] FDA, accessed July 2016 at: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm468757.htm.
89. [89] Welker, M.W., Luhne, S., Lange, C.M., Vermehren, J., Farnik, H., Herrmann, E., et al. Lactic acidosis in patients with hepatitis C virus cirrhosis and combined ribavirin/sofosbuvir treatment. J Hepatol 64 (2016), 790–799.
90. [90] Hoofnagle, J.H., Hepatic decompensation during direct-acting antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 64 (2016), 763–765.
91. [91] Bae, S.H., Yoon, S.K., Choi, J.Y., Jang, J.W., Cho, S.H., Yang, J.M., et al. Timing of lamivudine administration according to Child class in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20 (2005), 1527–1532.
92. [92] Cheung, M.C.M., Foster, G.R., Irving, W.L., Walker, A.J., Hudson, B.E., Verma, S., et al. Antiviral treatment in patients with advanced HCV cirrhosis using sofosbuvir and ledipasvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin - 6 and 12 month outcomes compared to untreated patients. J Hepatol 64 (2016), S185–S186.
93. [93] Barsa, J.E., Branch, A.D., Schiano, T.D., A pleasant dilemma to have: to treat the HCV patient on the waiting list or to treat post-liver transplantation?. Clin Transplant 29 (2015), 859–865.
94. [94] Berenguer, M., Schuppan, D., Progression of liver fibrosis in post-transplant hepatitis C: mechanisms, assessment and treatment. J Hepatol 58 (2013), 1028–1041.
95. [95] Berenguer, M., Systematic review of the treatment of established recurrent hepatitis C with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin. J Hepatol 49 (2008), 274–287.
96. [96] Veldt, B.J., Poterucha, J.J., Watt, K.D., Wiesner, R.H., Hay, J.E., Kremers, W.K., et al. Impact of pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment on graft survival in liver transplant patients with recurrent hepatitis C infection. Am J Transplant 8 (2008), 2426–2433.
97. [97] Selzner, N., Renner, E.L., Selzner, M., Adeyi, O., Kashfi, A., Therapondos, G., et al. Antiviral treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: predictors of response and long-term outcome. Transplantation 88 (2009), 1214–1221.
98. [98] Roche, B., Sebagh, M., Canfora, M.L., Antonini, T., Roque-Afonso, A.M., Delvart, V., et al. Hepatitis C virus therapy in liver transplant recipients: response predictors, effect on fibrosis progression, and importance of the initial stage of fibrosis. Liver Transpl 14 (2008), 1766–1777.
99. [99] Picciotto, F.P., Tritto, G., Lanza, A.G., Addario, L., De Luca, M., Di Costanzo, G.G., et al. Sustained virological response to antiviral therapy reduces mortality in HCV reinfection after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 46 (2007), 459–465.
100. [100] Bizollon, T., Pradat, P., Mabrut, J.Y., Chevallier, M., Adham, M., Radenne, S., et al. Benefit of sustained virological response to combination therapy on graft survival of liver transplanted patients with recurrent chronic hepatitis C. Am J Transplant 5 (2005), 1909–1913.
101. [101] Berenguer, M., Palau, A., Aguilera, V., Rayon, J.M., Juan, F.S., Prieto, M., Clinical benefits of antiviral therapy in patients with recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 8 (2008), 679–687.
102. [102] Abdelmalek, M.F., Firpi, R.J., Soldevila-Pico, C., Reed, A.I., Hemming, A.W., Liu, C., et al. Sustained viral response to interferon and ribavirin in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C. Liver Transpl 10 (2004), 199–207.
103. [103] Nguyen, N.H., Yee, B.E., Chang, C., Jin, M., Lutchman, G., Lim, J.K., et al. Tolerability and effectiveness of sofosbuvir and simeprevir in the post-transplant setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol, 3, 2016, e000066.
104. [104] Leroy, V., Dumortier, J., Coilly, A., Sebagh, M., Fougerou-Leurent, C., Radenne, S., et al. Efficacy of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in patients with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13 (2015), 1993–2001.
105. [105] Fontana, R.J., Brown, R.S. Jr., Moreno-Zamora, A., Prieto, M., Joshi, S., Londono, M.C., et al. Daclatasvir combined with sofosbuvir or simeprevir in liver transplant recipients with severe recurrent hepatitis C infection. Liver Transpl 22 (2016), 446–458.
106. [106] Coilly, A., Fougerou-Leurent, C., de Ledinghen, V., Houssel-Debry, P., Duvoux, C., Di Martino, V., et al. Multicentre experience using daclatasvir and sofosbuvir to treat hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation – The CO23 ANRS CUPILT study. J Hepatol 65 (2016), 711–718.
107. [107] Forns, X., Charlton, M., Denning, J., McHutchison, J.G., Symonds, W.T., Brainard, D., et al. Sofosbuvir compassionate use program for patients with severe recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology 61 (2015), 1485–1494.