England, britain and the audit of war: The prothero lecture

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

Volumn 7, Issue , 1997, Pages 131-153

  Morgan, Kenneth O ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 85013058810     PISSN: 00804401     EISSN: 14740648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3679273     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Pat Barker, Regeneration (1991)
2. The Eye in the Door (1993)
3. The Ghost Road (1995).
4. Independent, 23 May 1996
5. Martin Kettle in Guardian, 23 May 1996.
6. Paul Fusseil, The Great War and Modem Memory 1975)
7. Jay Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning. The Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge, 1995).
8. e.g. Geoff Dyer, The Missing of the Somme (1996 edn).
9. A. J. P. Taylor, English History, 1914-1945 (Oxford, 1965), 600.
10. C. Barnett, The Audit of War: The Illusion and Reality of Britain as a Great Nation (new paperback edn, 1996).
11. Alien Greenberg, ‘Lutyens’ Cenotaph5, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, I (March 1989), 5-21
12. Christopher Hussey, The Life Sir Edwin Lutyens (1984 edn), 391
13. J. B. Priestley, Postscripts 1940), 42
14. cf. Sian Nicholas, ‘“Sly Demagogues” and Wartime Radio: J. B. Priestley and the BBC’, 20th Century British History, 6, 3 (1995), esp. 254-61.
15. Cf. John A. Thompson, Reformers and War (Cambridge, 1987).
16. See Kenneth O. Morgan, Consensus and. Disunity. The Lloyd George Coalition Government, 1918~ig22 (Oxford, 1979), 80ff.
17. For the Conference, see Rodney Lowe, ‘The Failure of Consensus in Britain: The National Industrial Conference, 1919-21’, Historical Journal, 21, 3 (September 1978), 649fr.
18. More generally, Keith Middlemas, Politics in Industrial Society (London, 1979), i37ff.
19. Conversation between Lloyd George and Briand, London, 21 December 1921, Rohan Buder and J. P. T. Butler, eds., Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939, First Series, XV (London, HMSO, 1967), 786
20. conversation between Lloyd George and Briand, Cannes, 4 January 1922, W. N. Medlicott, Douglas Dakin and M. E. Lambert, eds., First Series, XIX (London, HMSO, 1974), 7.
21. Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed, 1883-1920 (1983), 360-361.
22. Bonar Law, letter in Times, 7 October 1922.
23. Robert Grant Irving, Indian Summer. Lutyens, Baker and Imperial Delhi (New Haven and London, 1981), 355.
24. There is a vivid account of the departure from Glasgow station in Emanuel Shinweli, Conflict without Malice 1955), 76-77.
25. Shinweli, member for Linlithgow, was not a Glasgow member himself. For Maxton, see Gordon Brown, Maxton (Edinburgh, 1986), and
26. David Howell, A Lost Left (Manchester, 1986), for John Maclean.
27. See E. L. Ellis, T.J.: The Life of Dr Thomas Jones C.H. (Cardiff, 1992).
28. This is printed in David Lloyd George, From Terror to Triumph (1915), 1-15.
29. On this, see Kenneth O. Morgan, Wales in British Politics, 1868-1922 (3rd edn, Cardiff, 1980).
30. The only book on the College is W. W. Craik, The Central Labour College (London, 1964)
31. Kenneth O. Morgan, Modem Wales: Politics, Places and People (Cardiff, 1995), I02ff.
32. See Jane Morgan, Conflict and Order. The Police and Labour Disputes in England and Wales, i900-1939 (Oxford, 1987).
33. Paul Fussell, Wartime (Oxford, 1989), 2ogff.
34. Isaac Kramnick and Barry Sheerman, Harold Laski. A Life on the Left (1993), 467fr.
35. Anthony Howard, ‘We are the Masters Now’, in The Age of Austerity, ed. Michael Sissons and Philip French (new edn, Oxford, 1986), 19.
36. Douglas Jay, The Socialist Case (2nd edn, 1947), 258. To be fair, the author was applying this dictum specifically to education and health.
37. On the other hand, Harold L. Smith, in Smith, ed., War and Social Change. British Society in the Second World War (Manchester, 1988), 2o8ff, has argued persuasively that the status of women in general was not enhanced by the war years.
38. Data in Roger Middleton, Government versus the Market (1996).
39. For the neglect of safety regulations, see Barry Supple, The History of the British Coal Industry, vol. IV, 1913-46 (Oxford, 1987), 426ff In the Gresford, Wrexham, coal disaster in September 1934, 265 miners (including boys) were killed in an explosion. Despite clear evidence of flagrant negligence by the managers, the outcome was that in 1937 there were fines of λ15 imposed oh each of four charges, and λ20 each on four other charges.
40. Jim Tomlinson, ‘Mr Attlee's Supply-Side Socialism’, Economic History Review, 46, 1 (1993), 1-22.
41. For a fuller treatment, see the same author's Democratic Socialism and Economic Policy. The Attlee Tears, 1945*1951 (Cambridge, 1996), 68ff.
42. “Fred Leventhal, ‘“A Tonic to the Nation”: The Festival of Britain, 1951’, Albion, 27, (Fall 1995), 449-450.
43. I cover this episode in some detail in my forthcoming official biography of Lord Callaghan (Oxford, 1997), pp. 560-562. I am indebted to Lord Callaghan, HE Helmut Schmidt, Lord Murray of Epping Forest and Mr Jack Jones for first-hand information.
44. See especially John Turner, Lloyd George's Secretariat (Cambridge, 1980).
45. An interesting work is S. P. MacKenzie, Politics and Military Morale (Oxford, 1992).
46. For the non-radicalizing effect of ABCA classes, see J. A. Crang, 'Politics on Parade: Army Education and the 1945 General Election5, History, 81, 262 (April 1996), esp. 2246.
47. For some perceptive comments on the second world war and ideas of ‘heritage’, see Raphael Samuel, Theatres of Memory (1994), 208.
48. This phrase appears in Franks to Attlee, 15 July 1950 (PRO, PREM 8/1405). See also Alex Danchev, Oliver Franks, Founding Father (Oxford, 1993), 10gff.
49. Churchill to Eisenhower, 21 April 1953, Eisenhower to Churchill, 5 May 1953 (PRO, PREM 11/421).
50. See Corelli Barnett, The Lost Victory. British Dreams, British Realities, 1945-1950 (1995), 70-102. Attlee's views appear in PRO, CAB 129/1, 1 September 1945, and CAB 131/2, March 1946.
51. For a fuller analysis of the dispute between Gaitskell and Bevan, see Kenneth O. Morgan, Labour in Power, 1945-1951 (Oxford, 1984), 441ff.
52. Peter Hennessy, Never Again (1992), 268.
53. Bernard Donoughue and G. W. Jones, Herbert Morrison. Portrait of a Politician (1973), 481.
54. Elwyn Evans, Alun Liywelyn-Wiïliams (Cardiff, 1991), 37fr.
55. D. Hywel Davies, The Welsh Nationalist Party, 1922-1945 (Cardiff, 1983), 237fr. Lewis
56. was defeated by Professor W. J. Grufiydd, a former member of Plaid Cymru, standing as a Liberal.
57. Angus Calder, The Myth of the Blitz (1991), 73–4-
58. Christopher Harvie, ‘Labour in Scodand during the Second World War’, Historical Journal, 26, 4 (December 1983), especially 929-34
59. and Graham Walker, Thomas Johnston (Manchester, 1988), 151fr.
60. See Christopher Harvie, The Rise of Regional Europe (1993).
61. A. J. P. Taylor, The Troublemakers (1957), 178, citing works by Bertrand Russell, Lowes Dickinson, G. P. Gooch and H. N. Brailsford, all members of the Union of Democratic Control during the war.
62. See Andrew Roberts, ‘Patriotism: The Last Refuge of Sir Arthur Bryant’, in Eminent Churchillians (1993), 287ff.
63. See the excellent collective volume, Robert Blake and Wm Roger Louis, eds., Churchill (Oxford, 1993).